• 융합보안논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2023

교사와 학부모들이 휴대전화를 통해 직접 소통함에 따라 다양한 문제점이 발생하고 있으며, 휴대전화 번호를 통해 개인의 사생활 정보까지 연계되어 노출될 수 있는 점 또한 문제 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 교사와 학부모가 서로의 휴대전화 번호를 알지 못하는 상태에서 SNS 플랫폼을 통해 소통할 수 있는 서비스 모델을 제안하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 공공데이터 기반민원 소통 서비스 모델은 공무원 공개 식별키와 민원인 공개 식별키로 구성된 소통키 세트를 공공데이터로 제공하여 민원인과 담당 공무원 간 관계 정보에 대한 무결성 검증을 지원하고, 범용 SNS 플랫폼이 해당 관계 정보를 바탕으로 소통을 연결하는 방식으로 구성된다. 본 모델은 일부 교육 플랫폼에서 제공하는 소통지원 서비스와 달리, 보편적인 SNS 서비스 플랫폼을 그대로 사용할 수 있는 점, 상호 신분을 확인하는 절차 등 일부 기능이 공공서비스로 구현된다는 점에서 차별성을 가지고 있다. 또한 본 모델은 교사뿐 아니라, ① 병사들을 관리하며 병사 부모와 소통해야 하는 장교, ② 환자 보호자와 수시로 연락하는 간호·보건·요양보호 업무 담당자, ③ 복지업무 담당 공무원 등에게도 적용할 수 있는 확장성도 가지고 있다.

• 보건의료생명과학 논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.227-235
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• 2023

본 연구는 대학생의 자아타력성, 유머대처, 주관적 건강지각과 건강증진행위와의 관계를 파악하기 위하여 일 전문대학의 대학생 285명을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였다. 대학생의 건강증진행위는 평균 2.49점(4점 만점)이었고 자아탄력성은 평균 2.66점(4점 만점), 유머대처는 평균 2.39점(4점 만점), 주관적 건강지각은 평균 3.42점(5점만점)이었다. 건강증진행위는 자아탄력성이 높은 경우(β=.28, p<.001), 건강을 중요하게 생각하는 경우(β=.19, p<.001), 유머대처가 높은 경우(β=.16, p=.002), 건강관련 교과목을 수강한 경우(β=.13, p=.009), 성적이 중(β=.20, p<.001) ·상(β=.16, p=.007)위권인 경우, 경제상태가 상인 경우(β=.10, p=.047)에 높았으며, 이들 요인들은 건강증진행위를 29.2% 설명하였다. 이를 통해 대학생들에게 건강의 중요성을 인식시키고 자아탄력성과 유머대처를 높이는 전략으로 건강증진프로그램을 고려해 볼 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.239-248
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to analyze risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia in patients admitted to NS ICU, and to provide a basic data to decrease respiratory nosocomial infection rate engendered from medical environments in NS ICU. The study site was the NS ICU at a university hospital located in Seoul, Korea. The subjects were 31 patients diagnosed with nosocomial pneumonia, who were selected from the initial list of 300 potential subjects who had been a) admitted between September 1999 and January 2000, and September 2000 and January 2001, b) resided at the NS ICU over 72 hours. The diagnostic standard of nosocomial pneumonia was based on the nosocomial infection guides of C university hospital. The data were analyzed using frequencies and logistic regression analysis. The sputums obtained from the subjects were cultivated and causal viruses were separated. The results were as follows: 1. The nosocomial pneumonia rate was $10.3\%$. There were 7 types of causal viruses separated from the sputum. and the most prevalent type of virus was MRSA as $62.2\%$. 2. The factors significantly influencing the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia included age, the residential duration at the NS ICU, GCS scores, diabetes mellitus, insertion of tracheal tube and its duration, tracheostomy and its length of insertion, the use of artificial ventilator and the length of its use, and the insertion of naso-gastic tube. The most significant risk factor among these was the insertion of tracheal tube (odds ratio=18.684. $95\%$ CI=6.849-50.974), followed by the use of tracheostomy (odds ratio=15.419, $95\%$ CI=6.615-35.942), the insertion of naso-gastric tube (odds ratio=14.875, $95\%$ CI=6.396-34.595), and the use of artificial ventilator (odds ratio=13.000. $95\%$ CI=5.633­30.001). 3. Regarding the use of the mechanical aids, the insertion of tracheal tube resulted in 12.968 times increase of the nosocomial pneumonia rate, and the use of artificial ventilator lead 6.714 times increase of the nosocomial pneumonia rate. One point increase of the GCS score resulted in the 1.210 times increase of the nosocomial pneumonia rate. For patients who had tracheal tube, tracheostomy, and artificial ventilator, one day increase of their residential duration at NS ICU lead 1.073 times increase of the nosocomial pneumonia rate. 4. In terms of duration of the mechanical aid usage, one day increase in the use of artificial ventilator engendered 1.080 times increase in the nosocomial pneumonia rate. One day increase of the residential duration at the NS ICU lead 1.604 times increase in the nosocomial pneumonia rate. As one point of the GCS score increased, 0.876 times decrease of the nosocomial pneumonia rate was reported. These study findings show that the risk factors significantly influencing the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia include the use of tracheal tube, tracheostomy, naso-gastic tube, and artificial ventilator. It is recommended that nurses working at NS ICU should pay more attention to the patients with these factors as the risky group for the nosocomial pneumonia, and thus make more active efforts to provide nosocomial pneumonia prevention strategies for them. In further studies patients admitted to the different types of ICUs such as internal medicine or surgery unit ICU will be also included, and more wide investigation of nosocomial pneumonia risk factors will be conducted through one-year longitudinal follow up.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.301-313
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• 2001

This study was to explore the relationship between nurses' personality type and their job satisfaction level. The subjects of the study were the 364 nurses who were serving at the general surgical department, psychiatric department, pediatric department and emergency room. The hospitals for which they were working were four university hospitals in Daegu and Busan, and six other university hospitals in Seoul were selected as sample hospitals. For data collection, questionnaires were self-reported to the subjects, under their agreement, from May to June, 2000. The following two instruments were used in the study: One was MBTI Test whose Korean version designed and verified to reliability and validity by Kim Jung Taek and Shim Hae Sook(1990): the other was the Nursing Job Satisfaction Instrument, 'The Index of Work Satisfaction' developed by Slavitt, et al.., (1978). The data were analyzed by frequency, t-test, one-way variance analysis, scheffe's post hoc contrast, and Pearson correlation coefficient with SPSS Win 10.0 program. The results this study were as follows ; 1. As a result of testing nurse's personality type by function at each career, it's found that the most personality type was expressed by the ST-type$(37.3\%)$ at 1-5 years, the SF-type$(29.4\%)$ at 6-10 years, the ST-type$(43.3\%)$ at more than 11 years. 2. As a result of testing the disparity in job satisfaction according to career, it appeared that the 6-10 years group showed higher job satisfaction, followed by the 6-10 years$(119.6\%),\;1-5 years(118.6\%)\;and\;more\;than\; 11 years(117.7\%)$ groups. 3. As a result of testing job satisfaction level according to nurse's personality type by function at each career, it's found that the most job satisfaction was expressed by the SF-type(F=8.50, p=0.00l) at 1-5 years. the ST-type(F=30.61, p=0.001) at 6-10 years. the SF-type(F=4.98, p=0.003) at more than 11 years groups. 4. As a result of testing a significant correlation between nurse's personality type by function and job satisfaction level. the SF(r=0.279, p=0.001) and ST(r=0.222, p=0.001) types showed significant positive correlation. and the NF(r=-0.201, p=0.001) and NT(r=-0.402, p=0.001) types revealed significant negative correlation. The nursing management is likely to be done more effectively, if managers in charge of nursing administration carefully reflect nurses' personal opinions in posting and personnel management, keeping in mind that there is a specific personality type that serves to raise job satisfaction at a specific career.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

Purpose : this study purposed to investigate school nursing phenomena in Korea by applying ICNP, the international standard nursing classification system developed by ICN, and to compare school nursing phenomena at elementary, middle and high schools. Method : The subjects of this study are 110 nursing teachers from 82 elementary schools, 16 middle schools, and 12 high schools. In the survey, subjects were asked to score the degree to which phenomena and characteristics of Korean school nursing, identified in previous research, on a 5 point scale. Questionnaires were distributed and recovered by mail and email. The period of data collection was 6 months from July to December 2003. The general characteristics of schools and nursing teachers were represented with frequencies and percentages, the phenomena and characteristics of school nursing with the mean score of the questions, and the phenomena school nursing by school grade with ANOVA and Duncan's posterior analysis. Results : 1) As for the characteristics of schools according to school nursing phenomena related to human behavior, the mean score of questions on inadequate stress management was highest at 3.24 points followed by the score on inadequate weight control (3.23), inadequate eating habits (3.22), the risk of spine disorders (2.68), inadequate emergency management (2.62), inadequate response to sex -related problems (2.19), and smoking and drug use (1.85). 2) As for the characteristics of schools according to school nursing phenomena related to human function, the mean score of questions on oral health management was highest at 3.11 points followed by the score on the risk of digestive system disorder (2.87), improper eyesight management (2.81), the risk of respiratory system disorders (2.75), lack of sexual identity (2.52), and inadequate contagious disease control (2.12). 3) As for the mean score according to school nursing phenomena related to environment, the score of the risk of accidents in classroom was highest as 2.68 points followed by the score of the risk of accidents around the school (2.65), maladjustment to school (2.62), the risk of accidents outside the classroom (2.43), inadequate learning environment (1.83), the risk of exposure to socially and physically harmful environment factors (1.82), and inadequate waste disposal (1.77). 4) This study tested the mean scores of questions corresponding to each school nursing phenomenon in order to see if there is a difference in the school nursing phenomenon among elementary, middle and high schools, and performed Duncan's posterior comparison for school nursing phenomena. A significant difference was found at p<.1. According to the results, school nursing phenomena found to be significantly different among elementary, middle and high schools was smoking and drug use (p<.05), which appeared more problematic in high school than in elementary school. phenomena such as inadequate eating habits, inadequate weight control, inadequate response to sex-related problems and inadequate waste disposal were also found to be statistically different at p<.1; however, according to the result of Duncan's posterior comparison, no difference was found among groups in improper eating habits and improper response to sex-related problems, and a significant difference was found between middle and high schools in inadequate weight control and inadequate waste disposal. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to plan school health projects focused on the characteristic school nursing phenomena that had high scores and to develop and execute school healthe projects in accordance with the characteristics of elementary, middle and high schools. Considering that the scores of school nursing phenomena related to human behavior are high, it is necessary to introduce school health promotion projects in a systematic way.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.47-76
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• 1989

The objectives of this study was to analyze the major causes of decreasing utilization rate of health care institutios in pilot-project area of regional medical insurance, Kwang-hwa and Kun-wi country. After the implementation of medical insurance, utilization rate of health institutions turned out' to be lower than it was estimated, when the pilot-project of regional medical insurance was planned. It might be due to changes in inhabitant's behavioral attitude toward medical insurance. So this study was made to find measures for financial stability by increasing utilization rate of health care institutions and to be available for basic demand-supply program of medical care. The hypothesis of this study was as follows; First. there is difference in understanding health care institutions between Kun-wi and Kwang-hwa. Second. respondesnts of inquiry survey have exact knowledge of their past experience of treatment taken prior to enforcement of medical insurance, Questionaire survey was made as to each 700 household among total 11, 884 households in Kun-wi and 20,919 households in Kwang-hwa. In case of Kun-wi, 70% of inquired households (491) gave their answers. In Kwang-hwa, the number was 560 households (80% of inquireds). Dollected data was processed and analyzed by way of using SPSS batch system. To evaluate facto rs distribution aspects of data and to make comparison between two area, percentage and $X^2$ distribution were applied. The results were as follows; L The utilization rate of health care institutions in Kun-wi and Kwang-hwa was lower than it was estimated. when pilot-project of medical insurance was planned. 2. Prior to the implementation of medical insurance. inhabitants in two area chose the medical institutions considering such factors. First was medical care fee cheap. second in habitant's residence, Third was the institutions conveniently easy of access. 3. After the implementation of medical insurance. 26.1% of inqurieds in Kun-wi and 41.6% in Kwang-hwa, changed medical institutions. In case of Kwn-wi, from health care institution (p 0.05), and in case of Kwang-hwa, vice versa, from general medical institutions to health care institutions. 4. Evaluation by factors were made such as follows. Inquired gave high marks to following facts: In case of Kun-wi, general medical institutions were difficult of access and relation between patients: was not friendly, but burden of medical expenditure was light. Effects of treatment and facilities was good. In case of Kwang-hwa, inquired gave high evaluation marks to the follow ing facts; facilities of medical institutions was not good, but the burden of medical expenditure was light. 5. After the implementation of medical insurance, the services was evaluated as good, but inquired hopec for lessening the burden of medical expenditure. 6. In case of exact understanding of cost-sharing, the evaluation rate in Kwang-hwa was higher than that of Kun-wi (p < 0.005). And positive attitude toward necessity of medical insurance was also good in Kwang-hwa (p < 0.05). 7. In case of inquired's attitude toward medical institutions, Kwang-hwa showed positive response (p < 0.05) 8. In the case of comparison between general medical institution and health care institution, two area showed similar positive response; medical manpower, facilities of medical institutions and effest: of treatement was good. 9. In comprehensive evaluation of benefit-service; the general medical institution's positiveness was higher than that of health care institutions in Kun-wi. But in Kwang-hwa vice-versa. 10. If the medical expenditure of general medical institution and health care institutions was equal 77% of inquireds in Kun-wi and 59.1% in Kwang-hwa answered that they chose general medical insurance. Considering results above mentioned, the conclusion of this study was made as follows. 1. In Kwang-hwa county, where the understanding of health care institutions's was good, the utilization's of health care institutions was shown high. Therefore, in case of Kwang-hwa, betterment: should be made to induce increasing utilization rate for negative factors of health care institutions. 2. In case of Kun-wi, where the understanding of health care institutions was on the decrease, measures for changing such negative factors should be taken by way of strengthening public relations. And cases of Kwang-hwa should also be studied. 3. On the side of financial stabilization and establishing health care delivery system, primary health care should be available. Therefore, the major cause of inhabitant's avoiding health care institutions should be known. And measures for activating that institutions have to be taken. So, the facilities of health care institution have to be improved up to the level of clinic. And supportive measures for securing equipment and improving health care services should also be taken. It is necessary that strategy for public relations should be employed with policy considerations and supports.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.59-77
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to provide the basic data for the effective health management of the industrial workers, by classifying factors influencing their perceived symptoms to examine their health status and identifying the inter' relationship of their perceived symptom with their working department. the environment of working area and their general characteristics. The study was undertaken from October 1 to November 30. 1989. The subjects were 999 workers who had worked in Industrial Corps located in Chungbuk Province. The results of this study were as follows: I . Worker's perceived symptoms were classified according to the following eight factors; 1) musculo - skeletal symptoms of shoulder, neck, back and arm 2) optical symptoms 3) symptoms in head(such as headache and dull) 4) musculo - skeletal symptoms of leg and lower back 5) gastro - intestinal symptoms 6) mental symptoms. 7) neural symptoms 8) lung and heart symptoms II . The degrees of workers' perception of perceived symptoms; Mean score of perceived symptoms:7.0 The rank of degrees of perceived symptoms: The highest:musculo - skeletal symptoms of shoulder, neck, back, and arm The second:optical symptoms The third:musculo - skeletal symptoms of leg and lower back The fourth:mental symptoms the fifth:gastro-intestinal symptoms m . Analysis of the inter-relationship of perceived symptoms with working department, environment of working area and general characteristics; 1) sexuality The difference of degrees of perceived symptoms was significant;femanle was higher than male(P<0.000). 2) level of education The difference of degrees of perceived symptoms according to the level of education was significant; The higher the level of education, the higher the degree. 3) working department The working department played a significant part in the degrees of perceived symptoms of workers; Workers of assembling department:musculo-skeletal symptoms both of shoulder. neck, back and arm and of leg and lower back(P<0.000). Workers of inspection department:optical symptoms(P<0.05). Office workers:mental symptoms(P<0.05). 4) kinds of job The difference of the degrees of perceived symptoms according to kinds of job was significant; Workers dealing with chemical materials and workers dealing with job with high tension:gastro-intestinal symptoms and symptoms in head. Workers dealing with weighty things or working a long time with the same posture:musculo-skeletal symptoms both of shoulder, neck, back and arm and of lower back(P<0.000). 5) working posture The difference of the degrees of perceived symptoms related with working posture was significant; Sitting:optical symptoms(P<0.0000) and symptoms in head(P<0.005) Standing:musculo-skeletal symptoms of leg and lower back(P<0.0000). 6) satisfaction with their own duty The more dissatisfien they were. the higher became the degrees of their perceived symptoms(P<0.0001). 7) satisfaction with their working condition The more dissatisfied with their working condition they were, the higher became the degrees of their perceived symptoms(P<0.001). 8) environment of working area The environment of working area played a significant part in the degrees of perceived symptoms of workers; Workers exposed to most of the factors of the environment of working area were higher than those not exposed in the degrees of musculoskeletal symptoms. Workers in the noisy environment:optican symptoms(P<0.000), symptoms in head(P<0.005). Workers in the damp environment:optical symptoms(P<0.005) and lung and heart symptoms(P <0.01). Workers with illumination problem:optical symptoms(P<0.000), mental symptoms(P<0.005) and neural symptoms(P<0.01). Workers with ventilation problem:optical symptoms and lung and heart symptoms(P<0.001)

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.116-131
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• 1998

This study was undertaken to obtain the menstrual patterns and menstrual discomforts in women university students. For the data collection, self-administered questionnaire survey was made from December 10, 1996 to January 20, 1997 among the 180 women university students in Seoul. The resultant data were processed by SAS program for frequency, proportion, and chi-square test. The results of this study are as follows ; 1) The mean age of the subjects was 20.6 years old. The mean height was 162cm and weight was 52.3Kg. $26.9\%$ of the subjects responded that they had experienced the unbalanced diet, $56\%$ the irregular meal, $39.6\%$intermittent dizziness, and $63.4\%$ the premenstrual syndrome. $53.7\%$ had feeling that skin temperature of their four extremities was 'a little lower than others'. The mean BMI(Body Mass Index) was 19.8, 'normal level' was $41.8\%$. $18.7\%$ responded that their characters were 'introspective ones'. The mean age of menache was 13.8 years old. The subjects responded that the mean number of pads they used per day during menstrual periods was 4.6 sheets. The mean duration of menstruation was 5.4 days, $10.4\%$ responded that their menstrual cycles were 'extremely regular', $44.8\%$ was 'regular', $36.6\%$ was 'a little irregular', and $8.2\%$ was 'extremely irregular'. Out of them who had experienced the dysmenorrhea, $21.3\%$ had family history of dysmenorrhea in connection with their mother and $35.0\%$ in their sisters. The mean of the first time that they experienced dysmenorrhea was 15 years old. $94\%$ of the subjects responded that they had experienced the dysmeorrhea. $47.6\%$ of the subjects responded that they experienced the dysmenorrhea 'monthly' and $52.4\%$ 'intermittently'. $53.0\%$ of them who had experienced dysmenorrhea responded that dysmenorrhea was the severest 'on the first menstrual day' and $22.4\%$ 'on the second day'. $48.8\%$ of them who had experienced dysmenorrhea responded that the most painful region was 'low abdomen'. $40\%$ of them who had experienced dysmenorrhea responded that they used 'analgesics' to soothe dysmenorrhea, $24.8\%$ used nothing, $18.4\%$ lay in their beds or slept, and $12\%$ made their 'low abdomen' warm. $70.3\%$ who had used analgesics because of dysmenorrhea took analgesics 'one or two times per month', $25.7\%$ 'intermittently', and $4.0\%$ more than 3 times per month. The analgesics which they used were 'geworin$(33.8\%)$,' 'penzal$(32.4\%)$', 'tyrenol$(18.9\%)$', and 'aspirin$(4.2\%)$'. $(47.9\%)$ of them who took analgesics because of dysmenorrhea responded that the duration of analgesics effect was '4 to 8 hours'. $15.1\%$ of them who experienced dysmenorrhea responded that they had visited the hospital. 2) The incidence of premenstrual syndrome was no significant difference according to the BMI, unbalanced diet, pattern of meal, skin temperature of four extremites, and characters. 3) The incidence of dysmenorrhea was significant difference according to the BMI, unbalanced diet, pattern of meal, skin temperature of four extremites, and characters. 4) The incidence of analgesics usage was significant difference according to the BMI, subjects with low BMI took more analgesics than those with normal BMI (p<.05). The incidence of analgesics usage was significant difference in accordance with pattern of meal. The women who had a meal regularly took more analgesics than those who had a meal irregularly(p<.05). But the incidence of analgesics usage was no significant difference in accordance with the unbalanced diet, characters, the incidence of dizziness, skin temperature of four extremities, the incidence of premenstrual syndrome.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.132-146
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• 1998

This Study was attempted to provide the basic data necessary in the development and introduction of Home Health Nursing System by investigating the recognition and attitude level of Home Health Nursing System. The data were collected by means of questionaires presented to 74 patients who had been admitted in C general hospital in Chon Ju, from June 30, 1997. As the tool for this study, the questionares developed by Kim Yong. Soon, et al (1990) and Han Bok Hee(1993) were modified and supplemented for the aim of this study. The computer was used for data analysis. The items about the charateristics of the subjects and the attitude to the management plan of Home Health Nursing System were represented as the frequency and percentage. The standard deviation and calculation average were produced on the items related to definition, recognition, necessity, expected effect of the attitude of Home Health Nursing System and the items related to admission. The ANOVA test was .used according to the characteristics of variables to analyze the necessity and difference of Home Health Nursing System. The results of this study were as follows 1) The general characteristics of the subjects were as follows ; for sex, man, $58.1\%$ ; for age, 50-59 years, $29.7\%$ ; for the level of education, high school, $51.4\%$ ; $79.7\%$ of them were married; for the family forms, small family, $73.0\%$ ; and $68.9\%$ of them take the monthly income over 100 million won. 2) The characteristics related to admissions of the subjects were as follows ; for clinic, surgical department, $78.4\%$ ; addmission not more then 7days, $47.3\%$ ; for the operation-performance $71.6\%$ of them were experienced; for the admission route, via outpatients clinic, $54.1\%$ ; for waiting period to the admission day, 1-2 days, $71.6\%$. 3) The difficulties comming from the hospitalization were related mostly to the factor that they felt hospital life more inconvenient than home.(3.66) The reasons for the difficulties in the admission which was due to insufficient beds in the hospital was related to the concentration to the general hospital because of 'The Whole National Medical Insurance System'(4.05). 4) On the previous informations about the Home Health Nursing System, those who have heard of only the name were 42 $(56.8\%)$, and on the recognition of it, they thought that it is periodic treatment by the licenced nurses for the recovering pateints after early discharge(3.73). On the attitude about the necessity of Home Health Nursing System, they thought that it is necessary because of the increasing trend of a psychological disease by the change of environment and complexity of the social structure(4.24). On the expected effect of Home Health Nursing System, they answered that it is convinient for the family of the patient to take care of them(4.l8). 5) On the attitude to the management plan of the Home Health Nursing System, those who had intention to participate in the system in the case of systemic support were 42(56.8). In the visiting time, 'visit periodically' and 'visit when the patient needs' were $28(37.8\%)$ respectively. For the application of medical insurance, if possoble, they will use $(91.9\%)$; for the method of payment for the treatment, 'pay by the time required' was $23(31.1\%)$, for the subject of management, 'National public institute must operate' was $33(44.6\%)$. 6) The relationship between the general characteristics of the subjects and the necessity of Home Health Nursing System showed the notable difference in the age (F=3.508, P<0.05) and marrage state (F=5.402, P<.023).

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.83-102
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• 1995

As the society is being industrialized, the fast-paced economic development that has caused substantial increase in cerebrovascular and coronary artery diseases and the industrial development and increased use of means of transportation have resulted in the rapid rise of incidents in external injuries as well. So the pubic has become acutely aware of the need for fast and effective emergency care delivery system. The goal of emergency care delivery system is to meet the emergency care needs of patients. The emergency care delivery system is seeking to efficiently satisfy the care needs of people. Therefore the purpose of this study is designed to develop an effective programs for emergency care delivery system in Korea. The following specific objectives were investigated. This emergency care delivery system must have the necessary man power, for transfering the patients, communication net work, and emergency care facilities. 1) Man power Emergency care requires n0t only specialized traning in the emergency treatment but also knowledge and experience i11 other related area, so emergency care personnel traning program should be designed in order to adapt to the specific need of emergency patients. It will be necessary to ensure professional personnel who aquires the sufficient traning and experience for emergency care and to look for legal basis. We have to develop re-educational programs for emergency nurse specialist. They should be received speciality of emergency nursing care so that they will work actively and positively in emergency part. Emergency medical doctor and nurse specialist should be given an education which is related in emergency and critical care. Emergency care personnel will continue to provide both acute and continuing care as partner with other medical team. 2) Transfering the patients. Successful management of pre-hospital care requires adequate traning for the emergency medical technician. Traning program should be required to participate in a actual first aids activites in order to have apportunities to acquire practical skills as well as theoretical knowledge. The system of emergency medical technician should be remarkablly successful with first responder firefighters. Establishing this system must add necessary ambulances operating at any given time. It will be necessary to standardize the ambulance size and equipment. Ambulance should be arranged with each and every fire station. 3) Communication net work. The head office of emergency commumication network should be arranged with the head office of fire station in community. It is proposed that Hot-line system for emergency care should be introduce. High controlled ambulance and thirtial emergency center should simultaneously equip critical-line in order to communication with each other. Ordinary ambulance and secondary emergency facility should also simultaneously equip emergency-line in order to communication with each other. 4) Emergency care facilities. Primary emergency care facilities should be covered with the ambulatory emergency patients-minor illness and injuires. Secondary emergency care facilities should be covered with the emergency admission patients. Third emergency care center should be covered with the critical patients who need special treatments and operation. Secondary and third emergency care facilities should employ emergency medical doctor and emergency nurse specialist to treat in-patients with severe and acute illness and multiple injuires. It should be fashioned for a system of emergency facilities that meets emergency patients needs. Provide incentives for increased number of emergency care facilities with traning in personal/clinical emergency care. 5) Finance It is recommended to put the finance of a emergency care on a firm basis. The emergency care delivery system should be managed by the government or accreditted organizations. In order to facilitate this relevant program the fund is needed for more efficient and effective emergency researchs, service, programs, and policy. 6) Gaining understanding and co-operation of pubic It is also important to undertake pubic education to improve understanding of first aids and C. P. R of individuals, communities and business. It is proposed that teachers and health officers be certified in C. P. R. The C. P. R education can be powerful influence save lives. Lastly appropriate emergency care information must be provided to the pubic for assisting them in choosing emergency care.