• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.361-367
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• 2012

Diabetes-related complications in human and veterinary medicine have been shown to be associated with hyperglycemia-induced inflammation. It has been recently suggested that the onset of insulin resistance may be caused by over-production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ from immune cells. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) regulates inflammatory response through modulation of TNF-${\alpha}$ expression. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of CLA on nuclear factor kappaB (NF-${\kappa}B$) p65 binding activity, inhibitory kappaB ($I{\kappa}B$)-${\alpha}$ expression, and TNF-${\alpha}$ production from high glucose-treated RAW 264.7 cells. CLA was added to RAW cells that had been previously cultured with low or high concentration of glucose. The levels of TNF-${\alpha}$ protein in the culture supernatant of RAW cells exposed to high concentrations of glucose were higher than those of cells exposed to low concentrations of glucose. The treatment with the high concentration of glucose in RAW cells increased levels of NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 binding activity and the decreased $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ expression when compared with those of low glucose. The treatments in combination with CLA and glucose (low and high) glucose in RAW cells increased TNF-${\alpha}$ production when compared with that glucose alone. These treatments with CLA increased TNF-${\alpha}$ production in high glucose-treated RAW cells than those with low glucose. These treatments of CLA also showed higher NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 binding activity and lower $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ expression in high glucose than those in low glucose condition. This suggests that CLA can increase NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 binding activity and TNF-${\alpha}$ production from high glucose-treated RAW 264.7 cells and is likely to promote hyperglycemia-induced inflammation.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.21 no.1 s.50
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• pp.27-33
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• 1982

Thytealexin activities were investigated in compatible and incompatible combinations between rice cultivars and races of Pyricularia oryzae by using the spore-germination test in the diffusates from surface of leaf-blade treated with the spore suspensions. In compatible and incompatible combinations between nine cultivars of rice and three races of the fungus, phytoalexin activities were recognized in all combinations, and were much higher in incompatible combinations than in compatible combinations with significant differences. Activities of phytoalexin were increased with the time, and maximal peaks of them were at 36 hours after inoculation, and thereafter decreased. The activities were generally decreased in all combination by heavy applications of nitrogen fertilizer, especially in incompatible combinations. On the other hand, fresh juices from leaves of rice cultivars which were not inoculated with the fungus showed no phytoalexin activities.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2009

We have previously isolated a CCCH type zinc-finger protein gene, OsZF2 (Oryza sativa Zinc Finger 2), from the cold-treated rice cDNA library. To investigate the potential role of OsZF2, transgenic rice lines over-expressing OsZF2 under the control of CaMV 35S promoter have been developed through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Elevated level of OsZF2 transcripts was confirmed by RNA gel blot analysis in transgenic rice. Under the 100 mM NaCl condition, the transgenic rice showed significantly enhanced growth rate in terms of shoot length and fresh weight, implicating that OsZF2 is likely to be involved in salt response of rice. In the field condition, however, the transgenic rice showed a dwarf phenotype and flowering time was delayed. Genome expression profiling analysis of transgenic plants using the 20K NSF rice oligonucleotide array revealed many up-regulated genes related to stress responses and signaling pathways such as chaperone protein dnaJ 72, salt stress-induced protein, PR protein, disease resistance proteins RPM1 and Cf2/Cf5 disease resistance protein, carbohydrate/ sugar transporter, OsWAK kinase, brassinosteroid LRR receptor kinase, and jasmonate O-methyltransferase. These data suggest that the CCCH type zinc-finger protein OsZF2 is a upstream transcriptional factor regulating growth and stress responsiveness of rice.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2018

This study was conducted to evaluate the antifungal activity of 19 agro-materials that have been registered for organic cultivation in Korea, after inoculation of pear leaves with Venturia nashicola and Gymnosporangium asiaticum. In V. nashicola, most of the nine agro- materials containing sulfur and copper completely inhibited spore germination, and some of the spores that germinated did not form appressoria. However, in only lime sulfur, Neobordeaux (cupric sulfate), and Wheengaris (sulfur)showed antifungal activity against G. asiaticum. Among the agro-materials containing plant extracts, Wheengarujaba (wood vinegar+spirits+rhubarb) inhibited conidial germination in V. nashicola and G. asiaticum by 100% and 71.6%, respectively. Among the agro-materials containing antifungal microorganisms, Cheongotan (Streptomyces griseus) reduced spore germination rate of V. nashicola to 88.8%; moreover, formation of appressoria or intracellular accumulation was not observed. Application of Topsid (Paenibacillus polymyxa) reduced spore germination rates in V. nashicola and G. asiaticum to 71.0% and 90.6%, respectively, and the formation of appressoria was not observed. Studying the antifungal activity of agro-materials because of cumulative applications under the field conditions is necessary, owing to their contact fungicidal effect and the induced-resistance by microbial metabolites and natural compounds.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1163-1168
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• 2016

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have gained worldwide importance and acceptance due to their agricultural benefits. These microorganisms are potential tools for sustainable agriculture, with effects on plant growth, biofertilization, induced systemic resistance, and biocontrol of plant pathogens. In this study, four different Pantoea species were isolated from field soil, and their plant growth-promoting characteristics were studied. Based on 16S rDNA gene sequencing analyses, the se were grouped into Pantoea ananatis, Pantoea citrea, Pantoea dispersa, Pantoea vagans and named as Pa1, Pc1, Pd1, Pv1, respectively. All of these strains have their ability for solubilization of insoluble phosphate depending on pH decrease at the range around pH 5 at 1days after inoculation and production of plant hormone indole acetic acid (IAA) with 85.3±16.3 μg/ml of Pa1, 183.9±16.8 μg/ml of Pc1, 28.8±17.3 μg/ml of Pd1 and 114.1±16.5 μg/ml of Pv1, respectively. Pa1, Pc1 and Pd1 also have high activity for production of gibberellin (GA₃) hormone with 331.1±19.2 μg/ml of Pa1, 288.5±16.8 μg/ml of Pc1, 309.2±18.2 μg/ml of Pd1, but Pv1 does not. Furthermore, all these species have significantly promoted the growth of the lettuce seedling plants at the range around 32~37% for fresh weight and 10~15% for shoot length enhancement, so that these microbe could be used as a potential bio-fertilizer agents.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.180-190
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• 2019

Patients who have a moderate periodontitis with pathologic tooth migration of maxillary incisors, it is necessary not only periodontal treatment for reduce periodontal inflammation, but also orthodontic treatment to teeth repositioning. For orthodontic treatment, it is necessary to apply less force and careful considerations of the center of resistance of the tooth and optimal force of tooth movement. At this time, the segmental arch applied only to the target teeth, is more effective and predictable, because applied force and direction can be controlled. In addition, to design the orthodontic appliance that can prevent the unwanted tooth movement that used as an anchorage is important. In recent years, various types of skeletal anchorage system have been used for preventing loss of the anchorage. We reported the patient who had extruded maxillary central incisor due to pathologic tooth migration, treated by a successful periodontal-orthodontic multidisciplinary treatment using an orthodontic appliance designed to apply less traumatic force and reduce an anchorage loss.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2024

Thrips infest hot peppers (Capsicum annuum) cultivating in open fields and give serious economic damages. This study reports their yearly occurrence from transplanting to harvest at three different places in Andong, an intense hot pepper-cultivating area. Two main occurrence peaks were detected in June and September. Two dominant thrips were the flower flowers, Frankliniella occidentalis and F. intonsa, which comprised of over 87% of the total occurring thrips. Other thrips did not follow the occurrence peaks of the two dominant species. Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was detected from the dominant two species, in which higher viruliferous rate was recorded in F. intonsa. Although the hot peppers were the resistant varieties against TSWV, some of them cultivating in the fields exhibited a characteristic disease symptom infected by the virus over the growing seasons. TSWV was isolated from the viruliferous thrips and assessed in NSs sequences encoded in S RNA segment of the virus. Compared to the known resistance breaking (RB) strains, the TSWV isolated from the viruliferous thrips in Andong did not show any RB mutations.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.621-626
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• 2018

We introduced the physiological responses of aging, active aging and also suggest the impact of physical exercise on body health status and elderly immunity. In this purpose, we searched the Pub Med data base for the articles (include our experimental papers) and review papers having the terms 'Aging', 'Active aging' and 'Physical activity and elderly' in the title, published from 1999 until 2018. The results were as follows: Exercise training has been extensively studied about the reduction of inflammation, oxidative stress, disease, and aging in syndrome X patients and elderly. Combined and aerobic or resistance exercise training could reduce obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Exercise training has been extensively studied in cancer settings as part of prevention or treatment strategies. From this research, regular exercise has the potential to target tumor growth through regulation of inflammation and immune responses such as lactate clearance, NK cell activation (innate immunity), activation of cytotoxic immune cells, T cell activation (adaptive immunity), and immune surveillance. However, Endurance physical activity not only induces thermogenesis and diverse sports injuries but also elicits mobilization and functional enhancement of monocytes, neutrophils (which is caused by the cytokine changes such as TNF-alpha, IL-1) whereas it suppresses cell mediated immunity causing to increased susceptibility to inflammation and infections like cough and URTIs (upper respiratory track infections) in young and especially in elderly people. Therefore, Strategies to prevent physical fatigue, sports injuries include avoid overtraining, Adequate recovery and various type of rest during and after physical activity and assuring adequate nutrition supplementation such as glutamine, vitamin B, vitamin C, carbohydrate, ion or berry-contain sports beverages is helpful in physically active elderly.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.179-196
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• 2015

Because of our aging population, there is increasing concern about the impact of dementia and age-related cognitive decline. Intense research efforts on effective dietary interventions for the prevention or amelioration of dementia and age-related cognitive decline have indicated that dairy products affect physiological health and potentially healthy brain function during aging. Milk is a rich source of proteins and peptides with nutritional and immunotropic activities. The preparation of biologically active proteins and peptides generally requires enzymatic degradation, chemical modification, or the addition of specific co-factors. Milk-derived preparations are widely available in the food industry in the form of hygiene products and infant formulas. However, milk-derived products could also be applied as preventive or therapeutic measures for a wide-range of pathological conditions not only in neonates and infants but also in adults, including the elderly. Because they have no adverse side effects, milk-derived proteins and peptides could be used as a supplementary treatment for dementia and age-related cognitive decline.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 1988

This study was done to investigate the interplanting effects of corn, when a corn hybrid with tillers (IK derivaties) was interplanted with a corn hybrid without tillers(Jinjoo Ok). The interplanting ratios of two hybrids, IK and Jinjoo Ok, were 1 to 1, 1 to 2, 1 to 3, 2 to 1, and 3 to 1. The interp1anting effects were compared with monoculture for major agronomic characteristics. 1. The plant height was increased when interplanted regardless of the interplanting ratios of the two hybrids. The general growth of IK hybrid was a little hindered when the interplanting ratio of Jinjoo Ok hybrid increased. 2. The number of tillers produced by the IK hybrid increased until 40 days after emergence and appeared to increase as the interplanting ratio of IK hybrid increased. 3. When monocultured, the fresh weight of IK hybrid per 10a was 8,096kg and and 6,677kg at silking and dough stages, respectively and these were 77%, 53% over the fresh weight of Jinjoo Ok at the sarne stages. When IK and Jinjoo Ok hybrids were interplanted in 1 to 1 ratio, the fresh weight of IK was 20% higher than that of Jinjoo Ok monocultured. 4. The highest grain yield per 10a was obtained from the Jinjoo Ok hybrid monocultured and the yield was 434kg. Even the interplanting ratios between IK and Jinjoo Ok were 1 to 1 and 1 to 3, the grain yield of Jinjoo Ok was 16% and 13% over the IK, respectively. 5. Root and stalk lodging of IK hybrid was 29% when monocultured and seemed to increase as the interplanting ratio of Jinjoo Ok increased. The lowest lodging was found when the interplanting ratio of IK and Jinjoo Ok was 1 to 1. 6. Stem diameter of IK hybrid was also decreased as the interplanting ratio of Jinjoo Ok increased. The ear height of IK was lowered as the interplanting ratio of IK was increased. The two hybrids tested seemed to have tolerance to the black streaked dwarf virus(BSDV).