• Composites Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.24-30
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• 2008

Durability problems may arise in the concrete, which is one of the major construction materials, used in the construction field. Bridge piers and foundation piles are usually made with concrete and they are exposed to the moisture and hence the durability of the concrete reduced significantly due to oxidization of re-bar and icing of concrete. To mitigate such problems, FRP tube has been developed and the concrete filled FRP tube (CFFT) has been investigated to find the confinement effect which is provided additionally. It was reported that if the concrete is wrapped with FRP, strength and chemical resistance are improved significantly. In order to apply such a member in the construction field, structural behavior and applicable design guideline or design criteria must be thoroughly investigated. In the experimental investigation, the results are compared with the previous research results and the relationship which can predict the ultimate strength and strain is suggested. In addition, some comments found at the compression tests are given briefly.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.187-195
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• 2022

This study investigated the effect of artesian pressure on mechanical properties of deep cement mixing (DCM)-improved specimens. Various laboratory tests such as unconfined compression test and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were conducted on DCM specimens which curied in a water tank with different artesian pressures. The artesian pressure was determined in consideration of the laboratory scale and the hydraulic gradient in field conditions. Results of experimental tests indicated that unconfined compressive strength, secant modulus, and unit weight of specimen decreased and water content tended to increase as an artesian pressure increased. The stress-strain behavior changed brittle to ductile behaviors as an artesian pressure increased. The outflow water from the water tank reacted with the phenolphthalein solution due to the leaching phenomenon of the improved specimen. SEM analysis also confirmed that a small amount of ettringite was formed between soil particles in the specimens with artesian pressure.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.4C
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• pp.247-253
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• 2008

This paper investigates the mechanical characteristics of waste tire powder-added lightweight soil in which dredged soils, waste tire powder and bottom ash were reused. In this study, 5 groups of soil samples were prepared with varing contents of waste tire powder ranged from 0% to 100% at 25% intervals by the dredged soil weight. The mixed soil samples were subjected to unconfined compression and elastic wave tests to investigate their unconfined compressive strengths and dynamic properties. Test results showed that the unconfined compressive strength and unit weight decreased as the waste tire powder contents increased, but axial strain at failure increased. Also stress-strain relationship of waste tire powder-added lightweight soil showed a ductile behavior rather than a brittle behavior. The result of elastic wave tests indicated that the higher waste tire powder content, the lower elastic wave velocity and the lower shear modulus (G).

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.3A
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• pp.383-390
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• 2008

A Precast Prefabricated Bridge Column using steel tube and prestressing bar was proposed for the application of precast method on substructure. A column specimen designed by the proposed bridge column system was made and performed a quasi-static test. The failure mode appeared to be a flexural failure and there is no damage on column segment connection. And it is good use of the self-centering ability by prestressing force. Test results showed that a column specimen satisfy the earthquake specification, and the structural stability was verified. Nonlinear finite element analysis was performed and compared with the test results. Force-displacement relation and location of crack from the analysis results were compared with the test results and it agreed well. The quantitative analysis was also performed by a parametric study using this modeling technique.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.1A
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• pp.15-26
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• 2010

Quasi-static tests were conducted to evaluate structural performance of precast piers prestressed by bonded prestressing steels. Combinations of prestressing bars and normal reinforcing bars, embedded steel tubes and prestressing strands were used as continuous steels crossing the joints of a precast pier. Main design parameters were steel ratio, magnitude of prestress force, and section details. Flexural strength and energy dissipation capacity of precast columns with higher steel ratio showed better performance due to continuous steels after opening of the joints. Precast piers with embedded members showed stable behavior after reaching maximum loads resulting in higher displacement ductility and energy dissipation capacity increased as the introduced prestress increased. Self-centering behavior at early stages and stress increase of confining reinforcements were observed from highly prestressed columns. Combination of prestressing steels and normal reinforcing bars should be used in design to prevent rapid strength degradation after reaching the maximum load.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.119-128
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• 2008

In this study, new moment-resisting precast concrete beam-column joint is proposed for moderate seismic regions. It has the connection reinforcing bars, penetrated the joint and lap-spliced with the bottom bars of precast U-shaped PC beam. To evaluate the performance for noncontact lapped splice, experimental and analytical works were conducted. Major variables for tests are the length of lap, the diameter of connection reinforcing bars, and the distance between lapped bars. Analytic research was performed nonlinear finite element method. Analytic research focused on crack pattern, load-deflection curve, comparison of internal force, evaluation of ductility strains of reinforcement bar. Results of experimental and analytical works show that the these variables has much influence on flexural strength and ductility, and joint behavior.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.369-379
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• 2012

The collapse of concrete structures by extreme loads such as impact, explosion, and blast from terrorist attacks causes severe property damage and human casualties. Concrete has excellent impact resistance to such extreme loads in comparison with other construction materials. Nevertheless, existing concrete structures designed without consideration of the impact or blast load with high strain rate are endangered by those unexpected extreme loads. In this study, to improve the impact resistance, the static and impact behaviors of concrete beams caste with steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) with 0~1.5% (by volume) of 30 mm long hooked steel fibers were assessed. Test results indicated that the static and impact resistances, flexural strength, ductility, etc., were significantly increased when higher steel fiber volume fraction was applied. In the case of the layered concrete (LC) beams including greater steel fiber volume fraction in the tensile zone, the higher static and impact resistances were achieved than those of the normal steel fiber reinforced concrete beam with an equivalent steel fiber volume fraction. The impact test results were also compared with the analysis results obtained from the single degree of freedom (SDOF) system anaysis considering non-linear material behaviors of steel fiber reinforced concrete. The analysis results from SDOF system showed good agreement with the experimental maximum deflections.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.163-169
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• 2017

Although the strength of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers which are generally used to make plastic bottles is low, the deformability of PET fibers is substantially high. Due to these material characteristics, a PET fiber can be used as a reliable strengthening material to resist a large deformation caused by earthquake and research pertinent to application of PET fibers is actively conducted in Japan. Therefore, in this study, experiments have been carried out to investigate the lateral confinement effect of PET fibers and to assess the applicability of PET fibers to construction fields by comparing the strengthening effect of PET fibers to that of carbon and glass fiber sheets. For this purpose, concrete cylinder specimens with parameters of different concrete strength and strengthening layers of carbon fiber sheets, glass fiber sheets, and PET fibers were respectively tested using two sets of cylinders for each parameter. As a result, specimens strengthened with carbon fiber sheets and glass fiber sheets failed due to sudden decrease of strength as with existing studies. However, specimens with PET fibers reached their maximum strength and then failed after gradual decrease strength without failure of PET fibers. In addition, although the strength of specimens with PET fibers did not significantly increase in comparison with that of specimens with carbon fiber sheets and glass fiber sheets, specimens with PET fibers indicated considerable deformability. Thus, a PET fiber can be considered as an effective strengthening material.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.581-590
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• 2011

Since ultra-high performance cementitious composites (UHPCC) not only represents high early age shrinkage strain due to its low water-to-binder ratio (W/B) and high fineness admixture usage but also reduces the cross section of structure from the higher mechanical properties, it generally has more shrinkage cracks from the restraints of formwork and reinforcing bars. In this study, free and restrained shrinkage experiments were conducted to evaluate the suitability of incorporating both expansive admixture (EA) and shrinkage reducing agent (SRA). The test results indi-cated that approximately 40~44% of free shrinkage strain was decreased. Also, the results showed that 35% and 47% of residual tensile stresses were relieved by synergetic effect of SRA and EA, respectively. Residual tensile stresses from ringtest were relaxed by approximately 61% and 64% of elastic shrinkage stresses due to SRA and EA, respectively, because of the tensile creep effect. Therefore, the creep effect should be considered to precisely estimate the restrained shrinkage behavior of concrete structures. The degree of restraint of UHPCC was approximately in the range of 0.78~0.85. The addition of combined EA and SRA showed minute influence on the degree of restraint. However, the effect decreased when thicker concrete ring was used. Tensile creep strains were measured and compared to the predicted values from 4-parametric prediction model considering time dependent restrained forces.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.683-692
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• 2011

In piloti-type low-rise RC residential buildings, severe damages have been usually concentrated at piloti stories under the earthquake. In this study, a piloti story was retrofitted by installation of buckling-restrained braces (BRB's) to increase strength and stiffness of piloti story and by application of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheet on columns to avoid the brittle shear and axial failure of columns. To verify this retrofit performance, reversed cyclic lateral load tests were performed on 1:5 scale bare and retrofitted frames. The test results showed that yield strength (43.2 kN) appeared to be significantly larger than design value (30 kN) due to the increase of strength in the compression side, but the stiffness value (11.6 kN/mm) turned out to be approximately one-half of the design value (24.2 kN/mm). The reasons for this difference in stiffness were due to slippage at joint between the frame and the BRB's, displacement and rotation at footing. The energy absorption capacity of the retrofitted frame was 7.5 times larger than that of the bare frame. The change of the number of load cells under the footing from 2 to 1 reduced lateral stiffness from 11.6 kN/mm to 6 kN/mm, which was only three times larger than that of the bare frame (2.1 kN/mm).