• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 1997

Temporal and spatial comparisons of acid mine drainage contaminated waters are difficult because of the complex physico-chemical nature of the pollutant. In the present study, an acid mine drainage index has been developed and evaluated for the assessment of surface waters. AMD index is calculated using a modified arithmetic weighted index using seven parameters which are most indicative of AMD contamination, i. e. pH value, sulphate, iron, zinc, aluminum, copper and manganese. Weighting is used to express the relative indicator value of each parameter. The proposed AMD index is used to quantify contamination from acid mine drainage over ten different old mine sites and assess the degree of impact on surface on surface waters. As a result of AMD evaluation, the Sukbong Mine located near the Moonkyung province showed lowest AMD value indicating the worst acid mine drainage quality. In overall, Youngdong mine sites showed higher contaimination compared to the other mine sites including Youngsuh, Choongbu, Suhbu and Nambu area.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.12-24
• /
• 2012

The Risks in undertaking a construction project comes from many sources and often involves many participants in the project. This study has identified various kinds of risks, assessed the risk factors quantitatively and suggested risk management method for response pertinent in Design Build(Turn Key)type of projects in Korean context. A questionnaire was designed comprising of 145 possible risks in all types of construction projects. The population from owner, consultant and contractor groups was asked to indicate the risks applicable in DB projects. 25 numbers of critical risks in DB projects were identified and further analyzed for reveling inherent relationship between them through factor analysis. Factor analysis revealed 8 risk factors in DB projects. Construction site related, contract related and design related risk factor consisted about 72% of total risk weight. It has been found out about 6%, while considering the mutual dependency, it is about 10% of total cost of DB project. Therefore, It is suggested that 6% to 10% of construction amount as contingency has to be made provision for risk responses in the DB projects.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.48 no.9
• /
• pp.757-768
• /
• 2015

Recently, climate change has affected short time concentrated local rainfall and unexpected heavy rain which is increasingly causing life and property damage. In this research, arithmetic average analysis, weighted average analysis, and principal component analysis are used for predicting flood risk. This research is foundation for application of predicting flood risk based on annals of disaster and status of urban planning. Results obtained by arithmetic average analysis, weighted average analysis, and principal component analysis using many factors affect on flood are compared. In case of arithmetic average analysis, each factor has same weights though it is simple method. In case of weighted average analysis, correlation factors are complex by many variables and multicollinearty problem happen though it has different weights. For solving these problems, principal component analysis (PCA) is used because each factor has different weights and the number of variables is smaller than other methods by combining variables. Finally, flood risk assessment considering flood control ability and urban environment risk in former research is predicted.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.51-65
• /
• 2024

Accurate electrical load forecasting is important to the effective operation of power systems in smart grids. With the recent development in machine learning, artificial intelligence-based models for predicting power demand are being actively researched. However, since existing models get input variables as numerical features, the accuracy of the forecasting model may decrease because they do not reflect the semantic relationship between these features. In this paper, we propose a scheme for short-term load forecasting by using features extracted through the large language models for input data. We firstly convert input variables into a sentence-like prompt format. Then, we use the large language model with frozen weights to derive the embedding vectors that represent the features of the prompt. These vectors are used to train the forecasting model. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme outperformed models based on numerical data, and by visualizing the attention weights in the large language models on the prompts, we identified the information that significantly influences predictions.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.10 no.12
• /
• pp.34-42
• /
• 2010

The DOA(direction of arrival), which is based on parametric and nonparametric estimation algorithm, and adaptive beamforming algorithm for mobile communication environments are researched and analyzed. In parametric estimation algorithm, eigenvalues of the signal component and the noise component are obtained from correlation matrix of received signal by array antenna and power spectrum of the received signal is discriminated from them. Otherwise, in nonparametric estimation algorithm, we minimize a regularized objective function for finding a estimate of the signal energy as a function of angle, using nonquadratic norm which leads to supper resolution and noise suppression. And then, DOA is estimated by the signal and noise spatial steering vector, and adaptive beam-forming pattern is improved by weight vectors obtained from the spatial vector. Therefore, the improved directional estimation algorithm with regularizing sparsity constraints offers super-resolution and noise suppression compared to other algorithms.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.97-105
• /
• 2015

Multiresponse optimization (MRO) seeks to find the setting of input variables, which optimizes the multiple responses simultaneously. The approach of weighted mean squared error (WMSE) minimization for MRO imposes a different weight on the squared bias and variance, which are the two components of the mean squared error (MSE). To date, a weighted sum-based method has been proposed for WMSE minimization. On the other hand, this method has a limitation in that it cannot find the most preferred solution located in a nonconvex region in objective function space. This paper proposes a Tchebycheff metric-based method to overcome the limitations of the weighted sum-based method.

• Survey Research
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.21-36
• /
• 2009

This study suggests the applicability of web surveys regarding elections in order to contact a great number of young people. The propensity weighting model was estimated using the demographic variables and the covariate variables collected during the 2007 presidential election surveys. In order to adjust the internet survey to the telephone survey, we used the propensity score method. Propensity score weighting made the internet survey results closer to the telephone survey results. This shows that an internet survey with propensity weighting model is a potential alternative survey method in the prediction of elections.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2002.11a
• /
• pp.389-392
• /
• 2002

본 논문에서는 대표적인 NP 문제의 하나인 강의시간표 문제를 분산 제약조건 만족 문제로 해결하는 시스템을 제안한다. 제안한 시스템에서는 복잡하고 방대한 강의시간표 문제를 여러 개의 작은 모듈 단위의 에이전트로 분할한 후 개별 문제외 해를 구하고 이들을 결합시켜 가능해(feasible solution)를 찾는다. 한편, 분리된 에이전트에 의해 해결되는 부-문제들이 상호 의존적이면서 중첩된 경우에 해들 사이의 모순을 해결하면서 최종 해를 구한다. 제안한 시스템에서는 다음과 같은 방법으로 문제를 해결한다. 제약조건을 점진적으로 추가하여 탐색공간을 줄여 나간 후, 국소 탐색을 통해 변수에 일관된 도메인 값을 할당한다. nogood에 대하여 점진적인 제약조건 완화로 탐색공간을 확장하여 모든 변수에 도메인 값을 배정한다. 제약조건 완화는 제약조건들을 몇몇 단계로 정의하고, 휴리스틱 순서와 제약조건의 중요도에 따라 되추적 탐색 기법을 이용하여 순차적으로 완화한다. 만일 과잉-제약조건이 발생할 경우 가중치의 합이 최소로 하는 값을 배정한다. 즉 모든 변수에 도메인 값은 모든 제약조건을 만족하든 초기의 부-문제에 가능해가 될 수 있는 제약조건을 만족해야 한다.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.154-164
• /
• 1994

In this study, to find an economical production method which yields welded built-up beams with high quality, simulation techniques and optimization method are used. At first, fabrication variables such as welding current, voltage and speed and heated depth and breadth are selected and fabrication cost of a built-up beam is expressed by these parameters, which is optimized under the constraints. As advanced studies, total production cost including the fabrication cost and the material cost of the beam is expressed by the fabrication and design variables, and optimized with the design constraints by the class rules. In addition, assuming that heating for straightening is impossible. the optimization method of multi-objective functions based on the weighting method is applied to obtain the compromised optimal solutions of the total production cost and the welding deformation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.93-117
• /
• 2004

This study is to develop a hierarchic clustering model fur document classification and browsing in OPAC systems. Two automatic indexing techniques (with and without controlled terms), two term weighting methods (based on term frequency and binary weight), five similarity coefficients (Dice, Jaccard, Pearson, Cosine, and Squared Euclidean). and three hierarchic clustering algorithms (Between Average Linkage, Within Average Linkage, and Complete Linkage method) were tested on the document collection of 175 books and theses on library and information science. The best document clusters resulted from the Between Average Linkage or Complete Linkage method with Jaccard or Dice coefficient on the automatic indexing with controlled terms in binary vector. The clusters from Between Average Linkage with Jaccard has more likely decimal classification structure.