• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.11
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• pp.127-134
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• 2015

Tissue stimulation technique using ultrasound has been continuously studied and developed. Recently, as a increment of interests for obesity treatment and cosmetic care, a various studies on ultrasonic fat emulsification has been conducted. In this study, the fat emulsification adapted ultrasonic transducer was designed. And using designed transducer, the simulation for the shape of focal area and thermal degradation region was conducted. The dimensions were verified by the simulation results. And the effectiveness was confirmed by evaluating measured radiation characteristic and heating characteristic. In addition, we estimated the ultrasonic heating characteristics in composite structure medium. The shape of focal point and heating characteristic of the proposed transducer were determined to be sufficient to emulsify the fat. The results of this study are considered to be used as basic research in more efficient and safe ultrasonic fat removal.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.465-476
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• 2012

The Anatolia peninsula consists of several continental fragments that include the Pontide Block in north and the Anatolide-Touride Block in south as well as the Arabian Platform in southeast. These continental blocks were joined together into a single landmass in the late Tertiary. During most of the Phanerozoic these continental blocks were separated by paleo-oceans, such as Paleo-Tethys and Neo-Tethys. The Pontide Block in north show Laurasian affinities, and was only slightly affected by the Alpide orogeny; they preserve evidence for the Variscan and Cimmeride orogenies. The Pontic Block is composed of the Strandja, Istanbul and Sakarya zones that were amalgamated into a single terrane by the mid Cretaceous times. The Anatolide-Tauride Block in south shows Gondwana affinities but was separated from Gondwana in the Triassic and formed an extensive carbonate platform during the Mesozoic. The Anatolide-Tauride Block was intensely deformed and partly metamorphosed during the Alpide orogeny; this leads to the subdivision of the Anatolide-Tauride Block into several zones on the basis of the type and age of metamorphism and deformation. The Arabian Platform in southeast forms the northernmost extension of the Arabian Plate that shows a stratigraphy similar to the Anatolide-Tauride Block with a clastic-carbonate dominated Palaeozoic and a carbonate dominated Mesozoic succession. A new tectonic era started in Anatolia Peninsula in the Oligocene-Miocene after the final amalgamation of these continental blocks and plate. This neotectonic phase is characterized by extension, and strike-slip faulting, continental sedimentation, and widespread calcalkaline magmatism, which played a very important role in producing beautiful landscapes of the Anatolia Peninsula today.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.56-64
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate and develop an eco-friendly wood adhesive based on vegetable oil (especially soybean oil), the renewable and sustainable natural resources, using ozonification technology for the chemical structure modification. The soybean oil (SBO) was reacted with $O_3$ at the rate of 7.13 g/h for different times, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes. The investigation of the modified chemical structure of the ozonized SBOs were conducted using FT-IR, $^1H$-NMR, MALDI-TOF MS, and GC/MS. As ozonification time increased, the peak of the unsaturated double bonds was disappeared and aldehyde or carboxyl peak appeared because ozonification broke the oil into small molecules. The plywoods were made at $110^{\circ}C$ with 30 seconds/mm hot-press time using the different ozonized SBO/pMDI adhesives and were tested for the dry, wet, cyclic boil test according to the Korea Industrial Standard F3101 Ordinary plywood. The bond strengths gradually increased with increasing ozonification time. The weight ratio 1:1 (ozonized SBO/pMDI), all strengths in 15, 30 and 60 minuets, exceeded constantly the dry, wet, cyclic boiling standard requirement. The range of ozonification time and weight ratio can fulfil1 the requirment of the wet test standard were 30~60 minutes and more than 0.5 pMDI. From the comprehensive view on the results of above experiments, it could be confirmed through experiments that ozonized SBO/pMDI has characteristics of effective reactivity and wet stability showed as an excellent candidate of wood adhesive applications.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2015

Hydrocarbon resins, which are defined as low molecular weight, amorphous, and thermoplastic polymers, are widely used as tackifier for various types of adhesives, as processing aids in rubber compounds, and as modifiers for plastics polymers such as isotactic polypropylene. Typically, hydrocarbon resins are non-polar, and thus highly compatible with non-polar rubbers and polymer. However, they are poorly compatible with polar system, such as acrylic copolymer, polyurethanes, and polyamides. Moreover, recently the raw materials of hydrocarbon resin from naphtha cracking had been decreased because of light feed cracking such as gas cracking. To overcome this problem, in this study, novel hydrocarbon resins were designed to have a highly polar chemical structure which material is sustainable. And, it was successfully synthesized by Diels-Alder reaction of dicyclopentadiene monomer and sorbic acid from blueberry as renewable resources. Acrylic resins were formulated with various tackifiers solution including sorbic acid grafted hydrogenated dicyclopentadiene hydrocarbon resins in acrylic adhesive and rolling ball tack, loop tack, $180^{\circ}$ peel adhesion strength, and shear adhesion strength were measured. The properties depend on the softening point and polar content of tackifiers.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.638-643
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• 1994

Gelatinization and retrogradation properties of modified starches which were prepared by steeping sweet potato at $40^{\circ}C$ for 2, 4, 7 and 10 days were investigated. The peak temperature of gelatinization and enthalpy of untreated starch by DSC were $53.9^{\circ}C\;and\;1.32\;cal/g$, respectively, but those of modified starch were increased by steeping. In gelatinization by alkali, starches with 2, 4 and 7 day steeping showed higher viscosities than untreated starch, whereas the viscosities of starches with 10 day steeping decreased. The clarities in paste decreased during storage in all starches and decreased in starches with steeping. The degrees of retrogradation by ${\alpha}-amylase-iodine$ method were higher in starches with steeping than untreated starch. The enthalpy of retrograded starches by DSC increased by steeping except 4 day steeping starch. The sweet potato extract containing sugar inhibited the retrogradation of starch paste and the degree were higher in residual starches than in untreated starch.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.10-28
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• 2023

Long-term shear behavior of the rock discontinuities should be analyzed and its stability should be evaluated to ensure the long-term stability of a high-level radioactive waste disposal repository. The long-term shear behavior of the discontinuities can be modeled with creep and RSF models. The shear creep test, velocity step test, and slide-hold-slide test can be performed to determine their model parameters or analyze the shear behavior by experiments under various conditions. Testing apparatuses for direct shear, triaxial compression, and biaxial shear were mainly used and improved to reproduce the thermo-hydro-mechanical conditions of local bedrock, and it was confirmed that the shear behavior could vary. In order to design a high-level radioactive waste disposal site in Korea, the long-term behavior of rock discontinuities should be investigated in consideration of rock types, thermo-hydro-mechanical conditions, metamorphism, and restoration of shear resistance.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.271-279
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• 1984

Effects of temperature and additives on the stability of actomyosin extracted from skeletal muscle of Israeli carp, Cyprinus carpio nudus, were studied by analyzing free SH-group, ATP-sensitivity and Ca-ATPase activity. The used additives were sucrose, sorbitol, Na-glutamate and L-cysteine. Furthermore, the denaturation constant($K_D$), protective effect(${\Delta}E/M$) and the other thermo-dynamic parameters on protein denaturation are systematically discussed. The actomyosin showed $4.12{\sim}4.68 mg/ml$ in protein concentration, $2.63{\sim}2.93\%$ in ribonucleic acid to the protein, $1:2.20{\sim}2.63$ in the binding ratio of myosin and actin, $4.33{\sim}5.26\%$ in fat content, 109.78 in ATP-sonsitivity, $0.159{\sim}0.201\;{\mu}M-Pi/min/mg-protein$ in Ca-ATPase activity and $3.3{\sim}3.4M/10^5$g-protein in free SH-group content. The first-order rate plots were obtained on the decrease of Ca-ATPase activity and ATP-sensitivity with an increase in temperature, while the free SH-group was increased to $60^{\circ}C$ and decreased rapidly above the temperature. The half-life of Ca-ATPase activity on the actomyosin Ca-ATPase was 280 min at $12^{\circ}C$, 125 min at $20^{\circ}C$, 55 min at $30^{\circ}C$ and 13 min at $40^{\circ}C$, and activation energy, activation enthalpy, activation entropy and free energy of the proteins at $20^{\circ}C$ wene 5,395 cal/mole, 4,814 cal/mole, -40.42 e.u. and 17,626 cal/mole, respectively. The protective effect of the additives on the actomyosin Ca-ATPase showed that the most effective material is $3\%$ sorbitol and followed in the order of $8\%$ Na-glutamate, $1\%$ sucrose and $1\%$ L-cysteine. The actomyosin was more stable at $-30^{\circ}C$ than at $0^{\circ}C$ and $-20^{\circ}C$. and when the additives were used in the low temperature storage, $8\%$ Na-glutamate was the most effective. $3\%$ sorbitol, $1\%$ sucrose and $1\%$ L-cysteine was to become lower in the order.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.151-165
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• 1997

The Kyemyeongsan area of Chungju in the NE part of the Ogcheon metamorphic zone, Koera, consists mainly of the Ogcheon Supergroup(Taehyangsan Quartzite, Hyangsanri Dolomite and Kyemyeogsan Formation) and the MeSozoic Chungju granite. The Kyemyeongsan Formation is composed mainly of metamorphic rocks of various grades derived from conglomeratic, basic, acidic, pelitic and psammitic rocks. The basic and acidic rocks show alternated or interfingered appearence, indicating that they were derived form bimodal type of magmatism in rift environment. Conglomeratic rocks overlie acidic volcanic rocks in geneal, but are underlain by both acidic plutonic and volcanic rocks. This indicaties that the acidic magmatism before the formation of conglomeratic rocks was different from that during or after the formation of conglomeratic rocks in its occurrence mode. The geological structure of the Ogcheon metamorphic zone in the Kyemyeongsan area, Chungju was formed at least by three phases of deormation. The first phase deformation(D1) formed a regional-scale sheath-type fold(F1) closed into the east. Its axial phane(S1) strikes NNW to NW and dips WSW to SW. The stetching lineation(L1), related to the sheath-type fold, plunges westward. The second phase deformation (D2) formed asymmetric fold(F2) of ESE-to SE-vergence with NNE to NE striking axial plane(S2) and $20~45^{\circ}/210~230^{\circ}$ plunging axis(L2). The F2 fold reoriented the original westward plunging L1 into northwestward plunging L1 in its lower limb(overturned limb). The third phase of deformation(D3) was recognized as chevron-type fold(F3) with $45^{\circ}/265$^{\circ}$ plunging axis. The F3 fold was formed by the compression of N-S direction, resulting in the reorientation of the original $20-45^{\circ}/210~230^{\circ}$ plunging L2 into mainly $35~45^{\circ}/260~280^{\circ}$ and subsidiarily $30~45^{\circ}/135~165^{\circ}$ plunging L2. After this deformation, open fold with NS striking and steeply E or W dipping axial plane is formed by the compression of E-W direction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.71-72
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• 2019

최근 공공안전 분야에서는 국민의 위험상황을 분석하여 선제적으로 예측을 하여 국민의 안전을 보장하기 위한 요구사항이 대두대고 있다. 또한 스마트폰 및 스마트워치와 같은 고성능 모바일 단말 기기들의 대중화로 인해 해당 기기들에 부착된 다양한 센서 데이터들을 융복합하여 분석할 경우, 수집한 센서 데이터의 잠재적 가치를 안전보장 측면에서 사용할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 대인, 대물, 장소에 해당하는 로그 데이터들을 융복합 분석하여 보호대상자의 안전을 지원하는 다중로그 플랫폼 기반 이동경로 분석 기법을 제안한다. 다중로그 플랫폼에서 수집하는 보호대상자의 이동 경로 궤적을 활용하여 과거에 축적된 이동경로 패턴과 비교를 통해 현재 경로가 평소에 이용하던 경로와의 유사도를 추천하게 된다. 해당 이동 경로 분석 시스템은 위치기반 멀티모달 센서 데이터를 융복합 하여 보호대상자의 안전을 보장하는데 기여 할 것으로 예상된다.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2008

After x-ray 5Gy radiation on the whole body of a mouse using a linear accelerator, its leucocyte, erythrocyte, and platelet were observed by SEM. Also, after injecting propolis into the abdominal cavity, the radio-protective effect of blood corpuscles was studied. The observation of micromorphology in blood corpuscles revealed that the number of leukocyte, erythrocyte, and thrombocyte decreased in the experimental group and the lump got together in blood corpuscles after 10 and 20 days. In RBC, crack or break on the surface and poikilosperocytes were observed. In the irradiation group, the size of leucocytes was smaller than that in control group and the number of villus at the verge substantially decreased. The blood corpuscles in the propolis group, however, had the similar results to control group.