• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.381-382
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• 2016

• Journal of Korea Fair Competition Federation
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• no.110
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• pp.10-22
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• 2004

최근 서울고등법원은 일련의 판결에서 상품$\cdot$용역거래와 자금$\cdot$자산거래를 구분하고, 전자에 수반하여 간접적으로 자금지원효과를 내는 행위는 자금지원행위에 포섭되지 않는다고 판시하였다. 그 논거로는 공정거래법 관련 조항의 문언이나 입법취지, 여타 불공정거래행위 규정의 사문화 우려 및 확대해석에 따른 규제의 예측가능성 위협 등이 제시되었다. 그런데 지원행위에 대한 서울고법의 ''이분법적 접근방법''(dichotomous approach)은 지원행위의 개념, 성질 및 효과, 불공정거래행위 금지의 체계 등에 비추어 부당하다. 지원행위에 관한 한 상품$\cdot$용역 거래를 자금$\cdot$자산거래와 구별할 수 있는 객관적 기준이 존재할 수 없을 뿐만 아니라, 공정거래법은 일관되게 단지 거래의 목적물뿐만 아니라 거래에 수반되는 반대급부나 결제방법 등의 관점에서 폭넓게 지원행위를 규정함으로써 상품$\cdot$용역거래에 따라 지원효과가 발생하는 경우를 염두에 두고 있기 때문이다. 또한 부당 지원 행위금지는 차별취급 등 여타 불공정 거래행위금지에 대한 특별법적 성격을 갖는 것으로서 양자가 경합할 경우 원칙적으로 전자가 우선적용 되어야 하며, 나아가 지원효과의 직$\cdot$간접성을 기준으로 지원행위 여부를 가리는 것은 지나치게 자의적인 것으로서 규제의 예측가능성을 더욱 저해하고, 수범자의 탈법행위를 용이하게 할 수 있다. 다만, 계열회사간 지원행위는 경제적 효율성을 수반할 수 있고 그 자체가 경쟁질서를 위협하는 것은 아니라는 점에서, 지원성 거래는 가능한 폭넓게 인정하되 그에 따른 부당성 내지 공정거래 저해성 판단에 신중을 기하는 방향으로 관련 조항을 해석하는 것이 바람직하다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.661-664
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• 2007

일본의 상호접속은 전기통신사업법에 법적인 근거를 두고 설비를 보유한 특정 전기통신사업자가 설비를 보유한 다른 전기통신사업자로부터 상호접속의 요청이 있는 경우 다음의 특별한 사유를 제외하고는 상호접속을 이행토록 강제하고 있다. 특히, 1종 지정전기통신설비를 보유한 사업자(현재 NTT 동일본, NTT서일본이 각각 지정)는 고정계의 필수설비를 보유한 시장지배적사업자로, 필수설비 접근의 제한 및 지배력남용을 방지하기 위하여 강한 규제를 받고 있다. 특히, 상호접속부문에서는 LRIC에 의한 접속료 규제를 받는 유일한 사업자로 NIT가 지정되어 있는 상황이다. 반면, 2종 지정전기통신사업자(이동계 지배적사업자)와 기타의 전기통신사업자는 이러한 접속료 규제를 받기는 하지만 1종지정전기통신사업장와 같은 접속약관인가가 아닌 신고제를 적용받고 있다. 다만, 이용자들의 end-to-end 서비스의 보장을 위해 상호접속을 실시도록 하고 있다. 이에 본고는 현행 일본의 상호접속관련 규정 및 접속료 산정 guideline인 접속료 규칙을 살펴보고자 한다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.236-246
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• 2014

Most countries have been promoted the legislative policy for the legal employment, causing a social conflicts by illegal immigrants in any countries. Despite the efforts to alleviate the illegal aliens, there are not nearly enough successful cases, and encounter a social problem about illegal stay worker. China is no exception. At present, the issue of China's foreign illegal employment is expected to be a social problem in the present and the future. However, the legislative policy against immigration control law and illegal foreign employment in China is very neglectful. There is a lack of adjusting rule of law on illegal foreign workers in China, and the remedy is also insufficient. It is necessary to secure a legal right for the protection of the Rights of illegal foreign workers based on the international norms. For this purpose, the illegal foreign workers related law should be enacted, and based on this, administration should be strengthened. The trend of major countries of illegal aliens is centered around an employer hiring strictly regulated. There is a need to have a strengthen regulation on the employer rather than the foreign workers in China. To this end, employer who hire illegal foreign workers should be required to receive considerable disadvantages such as penalties and fines, prison sentences, as well as various kinds of burdens and repatriation costs. It is necessary to run the voluntary repatriation(Freiwillige $R\ddot{u}ckehr$) program of illegal immigrants, and there is a need to take action for illegal immigrants who voluntary return home within a certain period are exempt from penalty. In conclusion, China must push ahead with a direction of positive policy in related ministries rather than sit on its hands on the wrong choice or a confusion of an employer and foreign workers with a policy on illegal foreign residents in limbo.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.332-343
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• 2015

It would be the most effective way to have government take care of social problems and hazardous material danger due to odor. It is also well known that odor acceptance and their willingness to pay for resolving the odor problem vary person by person. This is why public sector's intervention is required to get ride of any possibility of market failure resulted from negative external effect of human. This paper has tried to do empirical research based on survey of residents who are currently living in the area of Ochang industrial complex in North Chong-chung province. According to the empirical research results, first of all, it was proven residents' perception of legal regulation has a negative effect on odor acceptance. That is, the more residents are aware of law and regulation, the less they tend to accept odor. In addition, resident's perception on need to improve odor regulation has a positive impact on their odor acceptance. Finally, residents' satisfaction on the legal complaints to local government has an interaction effect to causative relationship between the perception of improving odor regulation and odor acceptance.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.71-79
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• 2017

조종사가 탑승하지 않고도 지정된 임무를 수행할 수 있도록 제작된 무인항공기(드론)가 다양한 장비(광학, 적외선, 레이더 센서 등)를 탑재하여 활용되고 있다. 지금까지는 국가안보 유지 수단으로서 감시 정찰 정밀공격무기의 유도 등의 임무를 수행하여 왔다. 최근에는 민간부문에서도 다양한 용도로 활용되고 있어서 정부(국토교통부 산업통상자원부)는 무인항공기의 국내경제발전의 파급효과를 인지하고, 세계 무인항공기시장에서 우선순위를 선점하기 위해 투자확대를 기해 왔다. 무인항공기시장이 산업발전과 고용촉진에 도움이 되어 국내경제에 긍정적인 효과가 많다고 하더라도 무인항공기의 안전운행을 담보할 다양한 법적 제도적인 장치의 마련이 필요하다. 따라서 무인항공기로 야기되는 다양한 유형의 사고를 검토하여 이에 대한 법적 책임에 대한 분석이 필요하다. 무인항공기의 사고는 운영자의 운영상의 과실로 인한 사고도 있고 무인항공기 자체의 결함으로 인한 사고도 발생할 수 있다. 또한 운행자의 고의과실로 인한 타인의 권리(프라이버시권 등)를 침해하는 경우나 무인항공기끼리의 충돌사고도 발생할 수 있다. 이러한 사고로 인한 책임은 민사책임으로서 대부분 지상 제3자에 대한 생명 신체 또는 재산상의 손해배상책임이다. 이러한 책임을 규율하는 국제협약으로 로마협약이 있지만 체약국이 없기 때문에 국제협약으로서의 역할을 못하고 있다. 따라서 현재로서는 각국의 국내법에 의하여 해결될 가능성이 많을 것으로 생각된다. 무인항공기 운영자의 과실로 인한 사고는 민법이나 상법이 적용될 수 있고, 무인항공기의 제작결함으로 인해 사고가 발생하였을 경우와 시스템의 오작동으로 인해 사고가 발생하였다면 제조물 책임을 물어야 할 경우도 있을 수 있다. 이러한 법적 쟁점에 대한 검토를 통하여 무인항공기 공급과 활용의 확대로 인한 다양한 사고발생과 책임범위를 명확히 하여 사고당사자들의 책임관계를 인식시키는 것이 필요하다.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.103-141
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• 2017

The (Korean) Medical Services Act revised in 2009 introduces the accreditation of specialty hospital. When a hospital meets prescribed standards, passes a board review, and is accredited as a specialty hospital by the Minister of Health and Welfare, then it may use 'specialty hospital' in its name and certification mark of specialty hospital. The problem is that the (Korean) Fair Trade Commission and the (Korean) Ministry of Health and Welfare, both of which have authorities to regulate advertising in general and in health care service in turn, announced the guidelines to prohibit internet (portal) service providers to provide keyword search ads service using key-words such as 'specialty' or 'specialized in' for those who are not accredited by the Minister of Health and Welfare. In this article, whether these guidelines can be justified by the current regime and whether the current specialty hospital policy is agreeable would be examined. To do this, the legal nature of accreditation of specialty hospital, the limit of advertisement regulation, the law of keyword search ads, and the liability of internet service providers also would be analyzed.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.60-81
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• 2018

Healthcare is on the verge of a paradigm shift towards an emphasis on wellbeing, integrative health, and prevention of disease, while the traditional medical model focuses solely on end-point treatment. The development of digital technologies has played a major role in this change as digital technology and health have converged. Therefore, many developed countries promote the digital healthcare industry as a new economic growth engine, and Korea is no exception. To promote the digital healthcare industry, the Korean government provides institutional support by improving the legal and regulatory system for medical devices and health data. However, Korea still has an underdeveloped legal and regulatory framework for digital healthcare compared with other countries. In this study, we review the relevant regulatory systems in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan. We then explore newspaper articles and conduct expert interviews to analyze the regulatory situation in Korea and the problems the digital healthcare industry faces. In conclusion, we discuss a regulatory reform plan for development of the digital healthcare industry in Korea.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.742-752
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• 2011

Multi-Level Marketing distribution process to reduce occurs in a number of the distribution costs to consumers of reducing its profits outside the area subject to the non-store or stores is the way to a special sale. Japan for the multi-level marketing Article 33 of the Act on Specified Commercial Transactions at or below the regulatory chain is defined as dealers. However, unlike other legislative attention two -dimensional chain for sales transactions are regulated. A chain of Japanese regulations on sales transactions, the definition is very specific and detailed regulations, and the chain is specifically for sales transactions in detail how to take regulatory and regulatory relief of pre- and post- regulatory focus, and the streamlining of regulatory aimed at restrictions on how the implications of such a large country.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-38
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• 2020

This paper examines how South Korean government regulators and environmental scientists endeavored to improve the environmental quality of Seoul in preparation for the Olympic Games in 1988. When Seoul was nominated as a host city of the Summer Games in 1981, it was suffering from severe environmental pollution. The municipal government of Seoul and the Ministry of Environment initiated a series of pollution survey projects, which were followed by relevant regulatory procedures. One of the outcomes of these projects was the beginning of odor pollution regulation that used the Environmental Official Testing Method. Although the Pollution Prevention Act of 1963 made odor pollution such as unpleasant order, stench, and stink subject to environmental regulation, proper administrative procedures to reduce odor pollution were not in place until the 1980s. In order to reduce odor pollution in urban areas, governmental officers and environmental scientists tried to regulate odor-causing chemicals from factories. In June 1988, however, severe odor pollution was detected not from factories but from unregulated areas in Seoul, such as the waterside parks of the Han river, the downtown, and the marketplaces. The local regulators and scientists were concerned that the odor pollution could make a "wrong" impression on foreign athletes and visitors about the degree of "modernity" of Korea. This paper shows that the 1988 Summer Olympics was a transition point in the early history of odor regulation in South Korea, when the scope of odor regulation could be expanded.