• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.25 no.2 s.49
• /
• pp.165-174
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this study was to evaluated the improve method of demineralization and damage on the enamel stufece related to bonded orthodontic bracket. Enamel surface of the 40 Intact premolars were treated by aicd etching and various fluoride application methods and then maintained in the patient mouth of 3 months. After extraction of all the sampled premolars, enamel surfaces were evaluated by Scanning electron microscope. The obtained results were as follow. 1. Enamel surface relate to bonded orthodontic bracket showed demineralization and damage, slightly. 2. Group 6 treated by $2\%$ NaF iontophoresis presented and almost similarity to nomral enamel surface. 3. Group 2 treated by acid etching had demineralization and damage on the enamel surface much more than other groups treated by various fluoride application methods. 4. Demineralization and damage on the enamel surface caused by bonded orthodontic bracket is improved by various fluoride application methods.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.127-137
• /
• 2003

치과용 임플란트 실패의 주요 원인은 임플란트 표면에 부착되는 세균의 침착의 결과로 생기는 임플란트 주위염이다. 구강 내에서 세균성 치태의 침착은 치태가 부착하는 기질 표면의 물리적 성상과 타액성 피막의 성분에 영향을 받으며 형성된 피막의 유기질 성분의 차이가 치태의 성분과 병원성에 영향을 미친다. 최근 연구에 의하면 생체재료의 표면에 침착되는 치태세균은 사용되는 재료에 따라 특이한 세균 침착을 보이며 이는 초기 타액성 피막의 차이에 의한 것으로 알려져 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 플라즈마분사법으로 표면 처리된 타이태늄 임플란트에 흡착되는 타액성 단백질 피막의 특성을 정성적인 방법으로 분석하는 데 있었다. 법랑질 조각과 플라즈마분사법으로 표면 처리된 타이태늄 임플란트를 스프린트에 치실을 이용하여 연결한 장치를 구강 내 장착하여 2시간 동안 피막이 침착되게 한 후 피막을 분리 추출하여 냉동 건조시켰다. 재수화 과정을 거치고 나서 전기 영동법과 Western transfer 분석을 통해 단백질 성분에 관한 분석을 시행하였다. 사람의 총 타액과 이하선 타액 및 악하선-설하선 타액을 수집기를 이용하여 채취하고 같은 방법으로 처리한 후 성분분석을 실시하였다. 피막 흡착 전후의 표면변화를 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 실험결과 타이태늄 임플란트에 흡착된 피막은 법랑질 표면의 피막과는 다른 단백질 성분을 가지고 있었으며, 주로 악하선-설하선 타액에서 유래하였다. 임플란트와 법랑질 표면 모두에서 흡착된 피막에는 아밀라제, 분비성 면역 글로불린A 및 락토페린이 존재함을 알 수 있었으나 법랑질의 경우는 blotting이 약하게 나타났다. 주사전자현미경 관찰결과 시편의 표면에 균질한 피막이 덮고 있었으며 세균의 부착은 거의 관찰되지 않았다. 이상의 실험 결과들을 통하여 플라즈마분사법으로 표면 처리된 타이태늄 임플란트 표면에 부착된 타액성 단백질 성분은 법랑질과는 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 이러한 차이는 치태세균의 종류 및 병원성에 영향을 미칠 것으로 생각된다. 법랑질과 타이태늄 임플란트는 기질과 표면구조가 다르므로 표면에 형성 되는 치태성분도 다르다는 사실과 본 연구 결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 타이태늄 임플란트 표면에 흡착되는 초기 타액성 단백질의 성불이 타이태늄 표면에 침착되는 미생물 군의 조절에 중요한 역할을 가지고 있으며, 임플란트 치료 시에 올바른 치태 관리법의 교육을 통하여 환자 스스로 적절한 관리를 하도록 함으로써 임플란트 치료의 성공률을 높일 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.597-605
• /
• 2006

It is introduced that pit and fissure sealant is the most universal and effective to prevent occlusal dental caries. In processing of being applied the pit and fissure sealant, the various kinds of methods are developed to remove organic matters, plaque, microflora and debris in the pit and fissure for increasing the rates of maintain the sealant. Recently, the Er:YAG laser has been used as a new enamel surface treatment method. The purpose of this thesis is compared whether that enamel surface treatment method is superior to other methods or not. 1. 100mJ 5Hz Er:YAG lased enamel surface was similar to acid-etched enamel in SEM evaluation. 2, Mechanical preparation showed decreased microleakage when compared with acid-etching only, but no significant differences in both method. 3. After laser and acid-etching method showed decreased microleakage when compared with acid-etching only.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.412-418
• /
• 2017

During orthodontic treatment, formation of white spot lesions (WSLs) around brackets has long been recognized as a potential risk. This study performed to investigate effect of preventing enamel demineralization and remineralization by application of fluoride-containing orthodontic primer. Fifty extracted bovine incisors teeth were randomly allocated to 3 groups: (I) Non-preparation specimens, (II) Application of Light Bond$^{TM}$ as fluoride containing orthodontic primer, (III) Application of Transbond$^{TM}$ XT Primer as traditional orthodontic primer without fluoride. Each group is demineralized under artificial carious solution. The demineralization pattern was evaluated using a Q-ray view, Vickers hardness test and polarized light microscope. The remained primer was calculated as 35 - 50%. The highest surface microhardness was shown on Light Bond$^{TM}$ surface. There were statistically significant differences in Vickers microhardness number between adjacent areas of Light Bond$^{TM}$ and non-prepared area. There was almost no demineralization of the enamel surface under the Light Bond$^{TM}$. At the adjacent site of Light Bond$^{TM}$, the shallow caries pattern and remineralization appearance were also observed. These results suggest that the use of fluoride-containing primers may be useful for bracket attachment to reduce enamel demineralization during orthodontic treatment.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.27 no.5 s.64
• /
• pp.839-852
• /
• 1997

It has been submitted that different ion solutions containing sulfate induce crystal growth and might substitute conventional acid etching for pretreatment of enamel in orthodontic bonding(${\AA}rtun$ et al., Am. J. Orthod. 85, 333, 1984). This investigation was designed to evaluate the relevance of crystal growth on the enamel surface as an alternative to conventional acid etching in direct bonding of orthodontic brackets. Annexing Li2SO4, MgSO4, K2SO4 respectively in the solution with $25\%$ polyacrylic md 0.3M sulfuric acids were employed to enhance the crystal growth. Human bicuspids were treated with various parameters as combinations of crystal growth and glass ionomer cement, crystal growth and orthodontic resin, acid etching and orthodontic resin for an investigative purpose. Crystal growth solution containing MgSO4 showed the highest shear bond strength(15.6MPa) within the groups of bonding brackets with glass ionomer cement(p<0.01). Bonding with glass ionomer cement on the surface of crystal growth demonstrated higher shear bond strength than with orthodontic resin(p<0.001). Bonding with glass ionomer cement on the surface treated with crystal growth solution containing MgSO4 or K2SO4 was not different shear bond strength statistically from bonding with orthodontic resin on the acid-etched surface. It suggests that bonding brackets with glass ionomer cement on the surface treated with crystal growth solution containing MgSO4 or K2SO4 is a potential alternative to bonding with resin on the acid etched sufrace.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.192-200
• /
• 2006

The aim of this study was to assess the microleakage underneath a pit and fissure sealant bonded to occlusal surfaces treated by Er:YAG laser To determine the most effective energy density of laser, fourteen specimens were irradiated from 50mJ to 300mJ at 3Hz. After irradiation, the lased specimens were observed under the scanning electron microscope. Thirty six non-carious extracted premolars were randomly assigned to four groups of nine teeth: group 1, no treatment on the occlusal surface; group 2, acid etching for 15 seconds; group 3, Er:YAG laser irradiation; group 4, acid etching followed by Er:YAG laser irradiation. The pits and fissures were sealed with unfilled sealant(Helioseal F) and the specimen teeth were thermo-cycled, immersed in 2% Rhodamine B solution, longitudinally sectioned and analyzed for microleakage with fluorescent microscope. The results were as follows: 1. Er:YAG lased surfaces with 50mJ, 3Hz showed a similar pattern of irregularity with acid etched enamel surfaces 2. The mean microleakage score increased in the order of group 2, 4, 3 and 1. There was no significant difference among group 1, 3 and 4(p>0.05), however group 2 showed significantly less microleakage compared with group 1 and 3. Conclusively, the laser irradiation seemed not enough to replace the acid etching for proper retention of pit and fissure sealants.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.25 no.2 s.49
• /
• pp.223-233
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of surface conditioning with $10\%$ polyacrylic acid, etching with $38\%$ phosphoric acid, and polishing with a slurry of pumice on shear bond strengths of light-cured glass ionomer cement, chemically cured glass ionomer cement, and a composite resin to enamel, and to observe the failure patterns of bracket bondings. Shear bond strengths of glass ionomer cements were compared with that of a composite resin. Metal brackets were bonded on the extracted human bicuspids after enamel surface treatments, and samples were immersed in the $37^{\circ}C$ distilled water bath, and shear bond strengths of glass ionomer cements and a composite resin were measured on the Instron machine after 24hrs passed, and the deboned samples were measured in respect of adhesive remnant index. Scanning electron micrographs were taken of enamel surfaces after various treatments. The data were evaluated and tested by ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test, and those results were as follows. 1. Shear bond strength of light-cured glass ionomer cement showed statistically higher than that of chemically cured glass ionomer cement. 2. Shear bond strengths of light-cured and chemically cured glass ionomer cements to enamel treated with $10\%$ polyacrylic acid and $38\%$ phosphoric acid showed statistically higher than those with a slurry of pumice. 3. According to scanning electron micrographs, enamel surface conditioned with $10\%$ polyacrylic acid is slightly etched and cleaned, that etched with $38\%$ phosphoric acid is severely etched, and that polished with a slurry of pumice is irregulary scretched and not completely cleaned. 4. After debonding, light-cured glass ionomer cement to enamel treated with $10\%$ polyacrylic acid showed less residual materials on the enamel solace than composite resin to enamel etched with $38\%$ phosphoric acid. 5. There was no significant difference in the shear bond strength of light-cured glass ionomer cement to enamel treated with $10\%$ polyacrylic acid and that of composite resin to enamel etched with $38\%$ Phosphoric acid.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.255-260
• /
• 2008

The purposes of this study were to examine the effect of 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) bleaching agent on the changes in physical and chemical characteristics of tooth. The bleached teeth showed an apparent color changes. The whiteness increased linearly within the tested period as the period of bleaching increased. The microhardness between bleached groups after bleaching showed any statistically significant difference according to the paried t-test. The bleached enamel surface showed any apparent morphological changes compared to the enamel which was stored in distilled water only. The difference of the total mineral contents for the distilled water and hydrogen peroxide did not show statistical significance. These results demonstrated that bleaching using 35% hydrogen peroxide were adversely affects application time of experimental group and may confirm the safety of using these agents for a short time in dentist-monitored bleaching.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.374-382
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the surface morphology and measure shear bond strength of Er : YAG lased enamel. To determine the most effective energy density of laser for improving bonding strength of human enamel, 24 specimen were lased from 30mJ to 150mJ at 1Hz used focused, defocused beam. After irradiation, the lased specimen were observed scanning electron microscope. To determine the resin shear bond strength of Er : YAG lased enamel, the 90 specimen were divided into 3 groups. The Control group was etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 15seconds and rinsed. Group 1 was only laser irradiaton(60mJ, 10Hz), Group 2 was irradiated as Group 1 regimen, followed 37% phosphoric acid etching. The following results were obtained: 1. In both focused and defocused Er : YAG lased enamel surface are similar to acid-etched enamel more than 60mJ in SEM evaluation. 2. The more increased laser energy, the more observed fissuring surface. 3. The highest mean shear bond strength value was observed in control group with the statistical significance(p<0.05) between all the other groups and the shear bond strength in group 1 was the lowest with significant difference among the other groups.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.272-279
• /
• 2017

This study aimed to evaluate the microleakage and penetration of two hydrophilic sealants, Embrace $Wetbond^{TM}$ and Ultraseal $XT^{(R)}$ $hydro^{TM}$, when applied on dry and moist enamel, as compared to a conventionally used hydrophobic sealant, $Clinpro^{TM}$. A total of 60 sound human third molars were randomly divided into 5 groups according to the enamel moisture control and the sealant material used. After sealant application, the teeth were thermocycled and immersed in 1% methylene blue dye. Subsequently, the teeth were sectioned twice and the sections were examined using an optical microscope and image analysis software. Application of Embrace $Wetbond^{TM}$ on either dry or moist enamel resulted in more microleakage than $Clinpro^{TM}$. Application of Ultraseal $XT^{(R)}$ $hydro^{TM}$ on dry enamel showed a similar level of microleakage to $Clinpro^{TM}$, but application on moist enamel resulted in more microleakage. There were no significant differences between the groups in penetration. In conclusion, application of hydrophilic sealants on moist enamel did not improve the sealing ability and showed lower sealing ability than that of $Clinpro^{TM}$ applied on dry enamel.