• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.77-102
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• 2020

Some progress has been made in the study of the category coherence effect, which states that the attributes of soldiers or nuns with similarities in dress and behavior, and easily distinguished from other categories, are likely to be generalized. However, few studies have examined the fundamental psychological mechanisms that underlie this category coherence effect, and this study aims to fill this gap. For this purpose, two experiments were conducted after selecting categories with high coherence (nuns, soldiers, and flight attendants) and those with low coherence (interpreters, wedding planners, and florists). In experiment 1, we observed that the members of a category were presumed to have certain reasons to prefer [property X] (presumption of reasons for preference), with this presumption becoming stronger when [property X] was observed repeatedly in high-coherence categories than in the case of low-coherence categories. Experiment 2 showed that for the high-coherence categories, the presumption of reasons for preference was stronger when [property X], rarely seen in everyday life (base rate of 30%), was observed, while the presumption of reasons for preference was weaker when [property Y] (base rate 70%), frequently seen in everyday life, was observed. In the low-coherence categories, the presumption of reasons for preference tended to be weak for both rare and frequent attributes. That is, there were significant effects of the two-way interaction between category coherence and base rate on the presumption of reasons for preference. This study has implications for psychological essentialism and stereotyping.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.135-154
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to confirm that the property generalization to social categories with low coherence is stronger when stress due to COVID-19 is perceived as high, compared to when stress is perceived as low. To this end, this study selected categories with high coherence(nun, soldier, flight attendant) and categories with low coherence(wedding planner, interpreter, florist), and recruited 336 participants to perform a category-based inductive generalization task(inferring how many properties repeatedly observed by some category members would appear across all category members), and measured their perceived COVID-19 stress. As a result, this study showed that when the cohesion of social categories is high, the effect of property generalization is stronger than when it is low, and the effect of property generalization is stronger in those who perceive stress due to Corona 19 higher than those who perceive it as low. In addition, this study confirmed that people who perceive COVID-19 stress strongly tend to generalize strongly to properties that are repeatedly observed in the low coherence category. This study is important in that it shows that there is a cognitive mechanism that is at the root of the phenomenon that stereotypes and prejudices deepen and discriminatory behaviors increase after the outbreak of COVID-19, such as COVID-19 stress and the resulting increase in attribute generalization tendency.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.55-73
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• 2021

Psychological essentialism states that people believe some categories to have hidden and defining essential features which cause other features of the category (Gelman, 2003; Hirschfeld, 1996; Medin & Ortony, 1989). Essentialist belief on categories questions the Roschian argument (Rosch, 1973, 1978) that categories merely consist of clusters of correlated features. Unlike family resemblance categories, essentialized categories are likely to have clear between-category boundaries and high within-category coherence (Gelman, 2003; Prentice & Miller, 2007). Two experiments were conducted to test the effects of essentialist belief on category representation (i.e., between-category boundary, within-category coherence). Participants learned family resemblance and essentialized categories in their assigned conditions and then performed categorization task (Expt. 1) and frequency estimation task of category exemplars (Expt. 2). The results showed, in essentialized categories, both boundary intensification and greater category coherence. Theses results are likely to have arisen due to increased cue and category validity in essentialized categories and suggest that essentialist belief influences macroscopic representation of category structure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.181-183
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• 2006

본 논문은 고차원의 범주형 데이터에 대한 군집화에 대해서 다룬다. 기존의 범주형 데이터 객체를 위한 유사성(상이성) 계측들의 기저에 깔려 있는 한계점은 수치형 데이터에서와 같은 순서화 (ordering)의 부재와 데이터의 고차원성과 희소성에 기인하는데, 이를 효과적으로 극복할 수 있는 기법이 투영 군집화이다. 본 논문에서는 고차원의 범주형 데이터를 효과적으로 처리할 수 있는 투영 군집화를 다루며 핵심 요소인 군집 차원의 정의와 군집 응집도를 제안한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.7-32
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• 2016

This study has measured interdisciplinarity using a topic modeling, which automatically extracts sub-topics based on term information appeared in documents group unlike the traditional top-down approach employing the references and classification system as a basis. We used titles and abstracts of the articles published in top 20 journals for the past five years by the 5-year impact factor under the category of 'Information & Library Science' in JCR 2013. We applied 'Discipline Diversity' and 'Network Coherence' as factors in measuring interdisciplinarity; 'Shannon Entropy Index' and 'Stirling Diversity Index' were used as indices to gauge diversity of fields while topic network's average path length was employed as an index representing network cohesion. After classifying the types of interdisciplinarity with the diversity and cohesion indices produced, we compared the topic networks of journals that represent each type. As a result, we found that the text-based diversity index showed different ranking when compared to the reference-based diversity index. This signifies that those two indices can be utilized complimentarily. It was also confirmed that the characteristics and interconnectedness of the sub-topics dealt with in each journal can be intuitively understood through the topic networks classified by considering both the diversity and cohesion. In conclusion, the topic modeling-based measurement of interdisciplinarity that this study proposed was confirmed to be applicable serving multiple roles in showing the interdisciplinarity of the journals.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.5849-5855
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• 2011

As application development environment changes rapidly, importance of user interface design is increasing. Usually, most of designers are clustering by subjective method of individual to define objects that have relativity in design interface. But, interface which is designed without particular rules just adds inefficiency and complexity of business to user who use this system. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an object oriented design model that allows for flexible development by formalizing the user interface prototype in any GUI environment. The visual cohesion of the user interface is a new set of criteria which has been studied in relation to the user interface contents, and is founded on the basis of the cohesion of the interface as defined using basic software engineering concepts. The visual cohesion includes the issue of how each unit is arranged and grouped, as well as the cohesion of the business events which appear in the programming unit. The interface will become easier to understand and use if the business events are grouped by their inter-relevance within the user interface.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.378-385
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to analyze cohesion and word information among different types of questions in the English reading section of the College Scholastic Ability Tests (CSAT). The types of questions were divided into three categories: macro reading, micro reading, and indirect writing. Reading texts from 1994 to 2017 CSAT were analyzed by Coh-Metrix, an automated evaluation program of text and discourse. The findings of this study indicated that there were statistical differences among the three categories of questions for noun overlap, stem overlap, adversative and contrastive connective, additive connective, pronoun incidence, age of acquisition, concreteness for content word, imagability, and meaningfulness. The information of the findings bore pedagogic implications for developing textbooks, questions for CSAT, and reading strategies by students.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.643-649
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• 2010

In this study, the relationships among high school students' epistemological views on theory and data, science process skills, the perceptions of the preferred laboratory learning environment and attitudes toward laboratory work were investigated. The results indicated that science process skills, all subcategories of the perceptions of the preferred laboratory learning environment (student cohesiveness, open-endedness, integration, rule clarity, and material environment) and attitudes toward laboratory work were significantly correlated with epistemological views on theory and data. The results of multiple regression analysis revealed that science process skills, open-endedness and material environment and attitudes toward laboratory work significantly predicted epistemological views on theory and data.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.351-363
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• 2015

Discourse analysis is useful for examining discourse characteristics of dementia patients and differentiating them from normal adults. However, inconsistent tasks, transcription methods and measures have been utilized, thus analyses were inevitably unsystematic. The purpose of this study was to investigate tasks, transcription methods and measures of discourse studies in dementia. Studies on dementia discourses written in English were collected via Scopus database containing abstracts and citations from 2005 to 2014, and were analyzed in detail. From the results, the most frequently used task was 'storytelling-topic'. It was observed that use of consistent transcription conventions rendered more reliable transcription data. Measures could be categorized into coherence, cohesion, productivity, propositional syntactic lexical analysis, and fluency, and each category belonged to discourse processing levels (i.e., processing of conceptual networks, propositions, and natural language units). In conclusion, future research warrants not only utilization of discourse tasks depending on dementia types and features, but also application of consistent transcription conventions. Additionally, measures based on the discourse processing theory would enable us to systematically interpret discourse studies.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.389-397
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• 2013

In this study, the effects of STAD cooperative learning strategy on students' achievement, learning motivation, perceptions of learning environment, and perceived classroom goal structure were investigated in terms of students' collectivism level. Two classes (64 students) from an elementary school were respectively assigned to a control group and a treatment group. A individualism-collectivism test, a learning motivation test, a perceptions of learning environment test, and a perceived classroom goal structure test were administered as pretests. The intervention of cooperative learning lasted for 24 class periods. After instruction, an achievement test, the learning motivation test, the perceptions of learning environment test, and the perceived classroom goal structure test were administered. The results indicated that the students of the treatment group significantly outperformed those of the control group in the achievement test. There was a significant treatment-aptitude interaction effect in the scores of the attention subcategory of the learning motivation. In the perceptions of learning environment, the score of the treatment group was significantly higher than the control group in the cohesiveness subcategory, whereas the score of the treatment group was significantly lower than their counterpart in the competitiveness subcategory. It was also found that the score of the treatment group was significantly higher than the control group in the performance subcategory of the perceived classroom goal structure.