• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.38
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• pp.157-178
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• 2005

In this thesis, ammaksae, or internal roof tiles, which was reported to be in the period of Baekje, was examined on the basis of layers of archaeological excavation and styles of relics. As a result, among the relics which have already been reported, jidumun amkiwa (concave roof tiles patterned by finger tips) excavated from Pungnap Earthen Wall and yudansik amkiwa (stepped concave roof tiles) from remains such as Guari Baekje Remains, could not be seen yet. The only relics that could be identified as original-style ammaksae or ammaksae were jidumun amkiwa unearthed from the site of Gunsurisa Temple, togiguyeon amkiwa (mouth-rim earthenware concave roof tiles) and yuaksik amkiwa (concave roof tiles with sills) from Buso Fortress and Gwanbukri Baekje Remains, and gwimyeonindongdangchomun ammaksae (honeysuckle-pattern concave end roof tiles with monster design) from the sites of Jeseok Temple and Mireuk Temple. Regarding ammaksae in the period of Baekje like the above, it is considered that jidumun amkiwa (short sills appeared), which showed up in the period of China's North Dynasties, developed into togiguyeon amkiwa and yuaksik amkiwa (sills were formed), and then gwimyeonindongdangchomun ammaksae (patterns appeared) emerged.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.23
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• pp.73-80
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• 2008

This article aims to turn out the authentication of archaeological materials by using the paleodose measurement to fine sand-size quartz grains obtained by micro sampling technique. We firstly revealed the validity of micro sampling technique from the paleodoses of two bricks related to Muryong Royal Tomb of Baekje Kingdom. For the purpose of authentication test, four archaeological materials were selected, because they have been insisted that they were manufactured in Goguryeo Kingdom era. After obtaining very few quartz grains by micro sampling technique, each paleodose was evaluated by using SGR (single grain regenerative dose method). All values were very low below 0.2Gy and the reliability was found from those values by using SAR (single aliquot regenerative dose method). Considering the archaeological situation and the general paleodose, the burial time for 1,000 years generally corresponds to about 3.5Gy in Korea, it is concluded that these archaeological materials are all modern counterfeits.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.75-86
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• 2012

Iksan Mireuksaji Stone pagoda was built A.D. 639 when King Moo was governing Baekje, in which Sarira has been enshrined in a hole dug in the stereobate for 1,370 years. In South Korea, about 150 cases of Sarira have been found so far. In this connection, many studies have been conducted on how to manage it and on its genesis, but there have been no data on environments to which it has been exposed. In this study, accordingly, researches were made into environments to which Sarira has been exposed as well as into how much it has been damaged under the environments. Sarira in wooden pagodas was influenced greatly by water, but that in stone pagodas by saturated relative humidity. Thus, Sarira in the containers was significantly influenced by the outside temperature for 1 to 2 days, but had no any reaction to humidity. The time it took for the humidity in a Sarira container to reach its maximum, varied depending upon the humidity of the day when Sarira was enshrined. In the case of this pagoda, the humidity reached its maximum 30 days later.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.22
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• pp.348-355
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• 1989

고성능 핵자탐기를 이용하여 1988. 6. 11부터 6. 30까지 충남 공주 송산리 고분군의 탐사를 수행했다. 고분탐사의 표본으로 이미 알고 있는 전축분 6호분과 석축분 5호분을 동시에 탐사결과 백제당시 높은 온도로 구어 만든 벽돌로 축성된 6호분에서는 5호분보다 아주 강한 고지자기반응을 보여주었다. 그리고 탐사지역 Ａ지역과 Ｄ지역에서는 고지자기반응이 어떠한 일정한 양상을 따라 나타났다. 이들은 각각 석열(石列) 혹은 석축열(石築列)였음을 발견했다. 또한 Ｄ지역의 강한 고지자기 반응에서는 백제시대의 토기항아리가 발견되었다. 이번 탐사의 결과로 고지자기탐사는 높은 열처리와 관계된 고고학적 유적, 유물탐사에 매우 유리하다는 것을 알게 되었다.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.335-343
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• 2014

This study classified the result of non-metallic inclusion analysis and result of microstructure investigation on the ironware excavated in the Baekje region into Han River, Geum River, and Yeongsan River to estimate the iron making temperature and study the characteristics of regional and temporal characteristics of the heat treatment technology and steel making technology. Regardless of era, bloom iron and sponge iron are judged to be the major method for making as a directreduction process in all three regions. The result of the reinterpretation of the non-metallic inclusion by the oxide ternary constitutional diagram suggest that the temperature inside of the furnace is estimated to be between $1,100{\sim}1,300^{\circ}C$ while making the steel. The magnetic iron ores are the major raw material of steel ore and irons with high $TiO_2$ are estimated to use iron sands. Ironware with $CaO/SiO_2$ rate higher than 0.4% are considered to have artificially added the flux of calcareous materials. It was found that the iron making method is the solid caburizing-steel which caburizes low-carbon steels by the CO gas and $CO_2$ gas created when heating the forging furnace with charcoal. Also, the ironware manufacturers in the Baekje during 3rd century recognized the heat treatment technology as they performed carburizing process and quenching to intentionally increase the strength of necessary parts.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.4-17
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• 2011

The Baekje's cotton fabrics were excavated from 'Neungsan-ri temple site in Buyeo' (September 1999-April 2000) and stored at Buyeo National Museum after conservation treatment. In this study, it carred out non-destructive, chemical and morphological analysis for fiber identification, also considered on influx, features and difference between the 'Baek-cheop-po(Three kingdom period's cotton fiber)' and 'Mok-myeon(imported by Munikjeom, late Korea dynasty)'. As a result, the fiber proved cellulose fiber through analytical researches like color reaction, FT-IR(chemical analysis). It was also confirmed lumens, typical dimensional structure(morphological analysis) as an features of cotton fiber. The fiber was the first evidence in ancient Korea's cotton. But it can not prove that whether weaving were made in Baekje's area. However there were documentation that people in Beakje make cloth to silk fabric from 'Mahan period'. We can suppose that they have had an old weaving techniques. This study has a great historical, academic values as the only evidence for the hypothesis of a weaving technique of the Baekje's cotton. Through comparison to each region's ancient cottons, we can investigate the species of Baekje's cotton and ancient Korea cotton's influx.

• 지역과문화
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.113-132
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• 2020

This study explored ways to make tourism resources based on the historical significance and major legacies of Yesan Imjon Fortress and Hongju Juryu Fortress, the center of the war where the core leadership of Baekje Restoration War was located. After the collapse of Baekje, it looked at the process of the restoration war centered on Imjon Fortress, the main characters, Imjon Fortress and Juryu Fortress, and the legends related to the restoration war. The tourism value of Baekje Restoration War is highlighted in terms of location identity and dark tourism. After reviewing cases of similar characteristics to the Baekje Restoration War, the method of tourism resourceization was presented. The elements of resourceization include characters, battles, relics, places, and name legends. Reproduction strategy, experience strategy, hard branding strategy and soft branding strategy were presented. As an example of the reenactment strategy, the Baekgang Battle reenactment event was presented. Experience strategies include walking and Baekje pottery. As for the hard-branding strategy, installation of sculptures of major characters and upgrading of tourist information signs were suggested. Soft branding strategies raised the need for logo marks, catch phrases, character products, video contents, and story maps through the branding of fortresses related to the Baekje Restoration War.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.181-190
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• 2011

A precision measurement and digital image restoration of the 5th century's gilt bronze cap of Baekje dynasty, excavated from the ancient tomb of Andong, Goheung in 2006, was undertaken. The objective of the scanning is to preserve precise feature of the artefact in the form of digital data by embodying it in 3 dimensional space. Acquirement of the data has been undertaken in the following process : 3D scanning to obtain 3D shape and color information(original data photographing)-3D modelling(joining original data and restoring non-photographed or damaged area)-CG image production. Production of restoration CG image was based on joined shape of original data and each part's measurement on CAD. Non-photographed part and area of loss was restored referring actual measurement and research result of excavated cap from the 5th to 8th century. 3D image restoration is one of artefact restoration methods which restores artefact without risk. It is also undertaken with historical research. As result, this method can enhance aesthetic and academic value of the artefact by successful restoration.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.376-393
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• 2013

In modern society, culture is an important factor to form a country's image and identity and a representative content to generate revenue. Culture is a keyword to design life in the 21st century and has become competitiveness between countries. As a cultural content with international competitiveness, this study performed textile design development with the use of relics from the Tomb of King Muryeong, which is the tumulus of King Muryeong who was the 25th king of Baekje among Korean history. The developed design could be applied to the production of various fashion cultural products such as clothes, scarf, neck-tie, and bag. The process for the design development was carried out as follows: As a first step, this study found basis as a cultural content with a global sense that could form the historical value of the Tomb of King Muryeong and gain global sympathy of people all over the world through literature reviews. As a second step, this study examined the current state that traditional Korean elements were used as a fashion cultural products. As a third step, this study analyzed the current state and problems of fashion cultural products using relics from the Tomb of King Muryeong through field survey. As a final step, this study planned the concept of design with the use of diadem ornaments, earring, sword, stone guardian animal, and bricks with lotus-flower design from the tomb of King Muryeong. And these developed 6 textile designs could be applied to the production of various fashion cultural products.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.41-56
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• 2018

The purposes of this study were to investigate preference of Baekje culture relics and to examine purchasing behaviors of fashion cultural products of adolescents. The subjects were 421 adolescents and measuring instruments consisted of Baekje relics preference items, fashion cultural products purchasing behaviors items, and subject' demographic attributions. The data were analyzed by frequency analysis, $x^2$ test, factor analysis, t-test, ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test using SPSS program. The results were as follows. First, adolescents were more likely to prefer crown ornaments of the King Muryong in Kongju region, and gilt-bronze incense burner and halo in Buyeo region. Second, as fashion cultural products, adolescents were more likely to prefer T-shirts and accessory items, and modern image. As product selection criteria, they considered aesthetics as the most important factor, followed by symbolism and practicality. Adolescents evaluated the resonable purchase price of fashion cultural products as less than 20,000 won for T-shirts, cap & bag, and less than 10,000 won for accessories. The adolescent's satisfaction of fashion cultural products was low, and the main dissatisfaction was high prices, and the lack of practicality and diversity. Third, the preference for Baekje cultural relics and purchasing behaviors of fashion cultural products differed according to age and sex of adolescents. This study showed that fashion culture products for adolescents need to be designed in a modern sense with a unique cultural symbolism, focusing on T-shirts and accessories items. In addition, fashion cultural products companies should established the product development plan considering the characteristics according to the age and sex of adolescents.