• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 1995

디젤자동차로부터 배출되는 입자상 물질은 건강에 나쁘기 때문에 1980년에 미국환경보호청(EPA)에 의해서 디젤승용차 및 디젤 소형트럭의 입자상 물질 규제가 제정되고 이의 대책으로서 엔진 개조와 병행해서 후처리장치, 주로 입자상 물질 트랩 시스템의 개발이 미국, 유럽, 일본에서 시작되었다. 트랩시스템은 아직 개발단계에 있고 여러가지로 개발과 개량이 계속되고 있다. 여기에서는 그들의 개발의 동향을 소개한다. 1. 입자상 물질 트랩 시스템. 2. 입자상 물질 트랩 시스템의 개발 상황.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.437-457
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to explain the causes of the phenomenon that the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis suggests that the increasing the emissions level of environmental pollutants starting to decrease as a certain income level is reached, associating microeconomic variables such as awareness level. Effects of the level of awareness differs depending on the characteristics of the impacts of pollutants- either regional or global. Furthermore, the study identifies that the impacts on the change in emissions inventory differ. The study empirically examines and concludes that the turning point where the emission level of environmental pollutants starts to decrease is over- or under-estimated if the differing responses between the level of awareness and its effect on pollutants are ignored. In addition, the level of emissions starts to decrease at a lower level of income in case of regional effect from pollutant than the global effect from it. Finally, the study implies that investing more efforts and resources to improve the level of people's awareness on environmental quality is effective if the government is to alter the increasing path of emission level.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.653-661
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• 2017

This study compares and analyzes the operation costs of traditional and direct delivery strategies considering carbon emissions. For the determination of minimum operation costs and order quantity, we use the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model, which is the proper method for calculate the operation costs by logistics strategy. Using the classical EOQ model, we expand the EOQ model considering carbon emissions and domestic logistics environment. We conduct an empirical study on two agri-food logistics strategies under limitation of the carbon emissions using the expanded EOQ model. From the results of the empirical study, we find that the operation costs of direct delivery strategy are about 50% lower than those of the traditional strategy. Economic order quantity is also smaller than that of the traditional strategy. These results indicate that agri-food products can be transported quickly and freshly under direct delivery strategy. Consequently, considering carbon emissions, direct delivery logistics strategy are analyzed to have more positive effect on economic and environmental issues than existing logistics strategy. It is judged that direct strategy will also increase the freshness of agricultural products.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 2012

Currently, in order to meet the reinforced emissions regulations for harmful exhaust gas including carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) as a greenhouse gas, technologies for reducing $CO_2$ emission and fuel consumption are being developed. Gasoline direct injection (GDI) systems have the advantage of improved fuel economy and higher power output than port fuel injection gasoline engine systems. The aim of this study is to examine the performance and emission characteristics of a lean burn GDI engine equipped with spray-guided-type combustion system. Stable lean combustion was achieved with a late fuel injection strategy under a constant operating condition. Further improvement in specific fuel consumption is possible with the introduction of multiple fuel injection strategies, which also increases hydrocarbon (HC) and nitrogen oxide ($NO_x$) emissions and decreases carbon monoxide (CO) emission.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.240-245
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• 2014

As the seriousness of the global environment pollution is gaining our attention recently, researches on application of greenhouse gas emission of ship are being carried globally. However domestic study on greenhouse gas emission from ship was not carried out in various fields. In this study, quantitative data which was presented by greenhouse gas emission of training ship HANBADA and greenhouse gas emission was calculated by Tier 1 method based on total fuel consumption and amount of shore power. Actual voyage data for 1year in 2012 was used to analysis the greenhouse gas emission. This study showed how many weight of gases were exhausted per 1 gross tonnage and per 1trainee in the training ship. There is a need of further research to reduce pollutant and to respond to international environment regulation consistently.

• Clean Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.6-23
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• 1998

Recently, semiconductor industry has grown rapidly because of the large demand for electronic devices and equipment. The semiconductor industries have also played an important role on the economic growth in Korea. As the environmental regulations become strict, the proper environmental management and the well-developed waste minimization technologies in semiconductor industries are two of urgent problems to be solved. The semiconductor manufacturing process consists of a series of continuous chemical processes, such as cleaning, oxidation, diffusion, photolithography, etching and film deposition. During the processes, various environmentally hazardous wastes are produced. The wastes may be classified as wastewater, gaseous pollutants, and solid wastes. For waste minimization, the substitution of raw materials and process optimization techniques are used, while the selective destruction technologies of toxic chemicals contained in the wastes have been reported. Also, new technologies have been developed for source reduction and waste reduction, such as reduction of toxic chemical use and substitution of hazardous liquids with gaseous reactants or solvent.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.68-69
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• 2023

Recently, decarbonization has been emphasized worldwide to cope with climate change, and carbon neutrality by 2050 has emerged as a global agenda. The domestic port authorities have been participating in the global agenda in line with the government regulations. Since 2010, when decarbonization has been regarded as an important assignment in ports, container terminal efficiency considering undesirable outputs such as Carbon dioxide has been analyzed. However, most previous studies measured carbon dioxide emissions according to the Tier 1 and it is a first time to analyze container terminal efficiency based on the Tier 3 presented in the IPCC guidelines. 17 domestic container terminal operators were considered as decision making units and DEA-SBM Model was used. Subsequently, Undesirable outputs model was conducted to calculate the environmental efficiency.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.171-180
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• 2024

Recently, there has been a global emphasis on decarbonization in order to address climate change and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. In line with government regulations, domestic port authorities have also started participating in this global agenda. Since 2010, when decarbonization became an important task in ports, there have been studies analyzing the environmental efficiency of container terminals, taking into account undesirable outputs. However, most of these previous studies only measured carbon dioxide emissions based on Tier 1, whereas this study is the first to analyze the environmental efficiency of South Korea's container terminals based on Tier 3, as presented in the IPCC guidelines. The study considered 17 container terminal operators in South Korea as decision-making units and used the DEA-SBM Model. Subsequently, an Undesirable Outputs Model was conducted to calculate the environmental efficiency.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.965-973
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• 2015

Recently, an emission test procedure using a portable emissions measurement system(PEMS) has received much attention as an effective means of controlling real driving emissions from light-duty diesel vehicles. The PEMS-based test procedure will be implemented from 2017 in Europe and Korea as a complementary test procedure for certification and regulation. In the present study, on-road NOx emissions were measured for four kinds of Euro 5 Korean light-duty diesel vehicles under real driving conditions, including urban, rural, and motorway test routes. The real driving emission characteristics were evaluated using both a moving averaging window(MAW) and the weighted emission method(WEM). The evaluated NOx emission results (under real driving conditions) from the MAW and WEM showed similar tendencies for the test vehicles and routes, while exceeding the certification emission limit by 1.8~8.5 and 2.0~10.6 times, respectively.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.323-329
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• 2017

Nowadays, considering global warming and enhanced prohibition to discharge pollutants at sea, all of existing operation-ships must lead to the reduction of fuel consumption. International standards of International Maritime Organization and EU rules governing harbor pollutants are being strengthened. Therefore, ship-owners and operators are seeking ways to reduce $CO_2$, SOx, and NOx emissions. Although world trade continues to expand, total fuel usage for sea transport tends to diminish. However, ICS(International Chamber of Shipping) has set a goal of reducing $CO_2$ emissions from shipping by 50% until 2050. In addition, with respect to the Paris Climate Change Accord in 2015, IMO proposes to set up a reduction target of GHG emission from existing operation-ships. For setting up a reduction target of GHG from international maritime transport, "A data collection system for fuel consumption" will be introduced in the near future. In order to effectively reduce the use of fuel in a ship in accordance with the trend of compulsory fuel saving from operation ships, this paper suggested adoption of an Incentive-Penalty scheme based on Emission-Trading-Scheme, Carbon Tax, and basic calculation formula after verifying the EEOI level for a year.