• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2010

This study was conducted to examine the effects of IAA and kinetin on induction of gemmae and gametophytes in Hypnum plumaeforme moss during tissue culture. Explants were obtained from sterilized gametophyte tips cultured on solid basal medium containing Knop's major salts and Nitsch and Nitsch's trace elements. After culture, inoculated gametophyte tip produced protonema firstly, changed to new gametophytes after four weeks. Aseptic gametophytes were chopped and inoculated on the same media containing 0.01, 0.1, 1 and $10{\mu}M$ of IAA and kinetin. As a result, secondary protonemata as well as protonemal gemmae were formed from gametophytes. But protonemal gemmae formation was varied according to the concentration of IAA and kinetin. Lower concentration of IAA and kinetin promoted gemma formation and bud induction. Especially, $0.01{\mu}M$ of kinetin showed the highest frequency of bud and gemma production. All the materials, obtained from $0.01{\mu}M$ kinetin medium, were subcultured to media supplemented with 0.01, 0.1, 1 and $10{\mu}M$ of IAA and kinetin again to induce gametophytes. After subculture, protonema and calli were developed from secondary protonema, and induced gametophytes finally. IAA regulated induction and growth of gametophytes, and kinetin influenced gemma formation and gametophyte induction also. All aspects of development of this moss species were governed by the external growth regulators.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2010

These investigations were conducted to standardize several chemical and physical environments affecting in vitro propagation of gametophytes of Climacium japonicum. Propagation of this moss species was established on basal medium containing Knop macro salts and Nitsch and Nitsch trace elements. Primary cultures were initiated from apical shoots of gametophytes. Gametophyte production was accessed using chopped gametophytes, apical shoots and basal shoots. Seven ty pes of culture media and four concentrations of total nitrogen and five strengths of sucrose were tested for in vitro gametophyte production. Light and temperature factors were also evaluated. Apical shoots were the greatest among three types explants used for gametophyte propagation. Medium containing Knop macro salts and Nitsch and Nitsch trace elements was more effective than other types of media. Higher sucrose concentrations showed a positive effect on the elongation and multiplication of gametophytes. Both nitrogen deficiency and excessiveness inhibited gametophyte growth. Light intensity variation showed highly significant changes in numbers, length and fresh weight of gametophytes. Optimum light intensity for gametophyte growth seemed to be around 3000-4000 lx. Both lower and higher temperature had a negative effect on gametophyte propagation and production. This study will provide large scale and high quality propagules, and effective moss propagation system.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.505-510
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• 1997

Temperature and light responses on the growth and maturation of gametophytes of Undaria pinnatifida were studied in laboratory culture. The effect of the environmental factors on formation of young sporophyte of U. pinnatifida was also examined in the same culture system. Maximum growth and rapid maturation of the gametophytes were observed at $12:12LD,\;17^{\circ}C$ and 60{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}. However, they survived in a wide range of the examined temperature, light intensity and photoperiod. Particularly they survived under continuous dark condition (0:24LD) until 210 days without any growth and maturation, but died within $10\~40$ days at $30^{\circ}C$. This suggests that optimum rendition for conservation of Undaria gametophytes is under continuous dark photoperiod at $17\~25^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 1985

Observations on reproduction of Rhodochorton purpureum (Lightfoot) Rosenvinge (Acrochaetiaceae, Rhodophyta) was carried out with plants from Hokkaido, Japan. This species produces no monosporangia both in nature and culture, even though it does tetrasporangia commonly. The plants from Nemuro produce neither sporangia nor gametangia, and thus vegetative reproduction is the only known way to propagate themselves. It is suggested that the vegetative reproduction occurs in nature by fragmentation of vegetative filaments after development of a rhizoid. Several different modes of rhizoid production are described. The plants from Akkeshi and Oshoro (I) produce tetrasporangia that develop into plants producing only tetrasporangia. The plants from Muroran and Oshoro (II) produce tetrasporangia that develop into gametophytes. Gametophytes of R. purpureum from Muroran produce tetrasporangia as well as spermatangia or carpogonia. Such tetrasporangia on gametophytes are presumed to be mitotic.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.404-405
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• 2000

곰피 (Ecklonia stolonifera Okamura)는 수심 2-10 m에서 자라는 다년생 다시마과 갈조류로서 우리 나라의 동해안 및 남해안에 분포하며, 다시마, 미역 등과 함께 식용으로 이용되어진다 (kang, 1966), 곰피의 분포 및 군집 구조에 관한 연구는 이미 수행된 바 있으나 (Park et al., 1999), 현미경적 세대인 배우체와 아포체에 관한 보고는 다른 다시마과 조류에 비해 비교적 적은 편이다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.495-496
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• 2001

저서 해조류의 수직분포에 대한 광의 영향은 주로 유효 광에 대한 종간의 상이한 반응의 결과에 의한다. 특히 조하대의 Kelp군집의 형성은 배우체나 어린 포자체와 같은 부착단계에 있어서의 서식처의 광조건에 의해 중요하게 영향을 받는다(Luning, 1981; Drew, 1983). 이것은 광이 이들의 광합성의 에너지원으로써, 광량, 광질, 광주기의 변화가 조류의 생장을 시ㆍ공간적으로 제한하고 있기 때문이다. (중략)

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.86-93
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• 2022

The ecotoxicity test method using Undaria pinnatifida spore is challenging to use throughout the year. Since U. pinnatifida female gametophytes can be cultured in the laboratory, they can be used for ecotoxicity testing at any time. Changes in female gametophyte survival rate and relative growth rate in U. pinnatifida exposed to various environmental conditions were analyzed. The female gametophyte of U. pinnatifida was exposed to salinity (5~40 psu), temperature (5~30℃), pH (4~10), and light intensity (0~120 μmol photon m^-2 s^-1). Based on the highest average value, the survival rate of female gametophyte was highest at a temperature of 20℃, salinity 27.5 psu, pH 8, and light intensity 30 μmol photon m^-2 s^-1. And the relative growth rate was highest at a temperature of 15℃, salinity 35 psu, pH 9, and light intensity of 60 μmol photon m^-2 s^-1. As a result of this study, the method using the optimal conditions for the survival rate and relative growth rate is expected to be a practical test method that can complement the current method.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.311-312
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• 2011

이번 연구 목적은 배우 대사의 비유창성 비율 증감이 영화 내러티브 흐름과 어떤 상관 관계를 가지는지 전사작업을 통해 정량적으로 분석하는 것이다. 대화체는 잡음,간투어 등의 비유창성(DFs; Disfluencies) 이 나타난다. 배우는 자연스럽게 대사를 발화하려고 비유창성 비율을 인위적으로 높인다. 연구 대상은 박쥐(2009)의 배우 송강호(상현 역) 대사이다. 가톨릭 신부 상현이 뱀파이어가 되는 인물의 대사를 비유창성 특질들과 전사하였다. 그리고 주인공의 정체성에 따라 배우의 대사의 비유창성 비율의 변화 양상을 비교 분석하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.175-175
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1995.10b
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• pp.310.2-310
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• 1995