• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Rock Mechanics Conference
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• 1994.03a
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• pp.12-23
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• 1994

터널의 방수형식은 배수형(Wet System)과 방수형(Dry System)으로 대별된다. 배수형은 터널의 아치부와 측벽부에만 방수막을 설치하고 이의 배면과 바닥으로부터 유입되는 지하수를 배수공을 통하여 배수처리하는 방식이며 경제성과 시공성이 우수하여 대부분의 도로 터널 및 지하철 등에 적용되어 왔다. 방수형은 터널의 주변장 전체를 방수시공하여 터널내로 유입되는 지하수를 완전히 차단하는 방법으로서, 이러한 방수형 터널은 경제성과 시공성은 불리하나, 지하수위 저하에 따른 압밀침하나 생태계 파괴 방지, 터널의 장기적 환경보전 및 운영유지비 감소 등의 이유로 최근 상당수의 도심지 지하철 터널에 계획되어 시공중에 있다. (중략)

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.26-35
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• 2001

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.13-17
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• 2013

Clogging phenomenon in drainage system is one of the important problems and this phenomenon would be bad effect to structure of tunnel, so it needs a remedy urgently. Recently, scale in drainage pipe is removed by water jet cleaning and other treatment. But these treatments need much cost and regular management. In this study, magnetic device was used to solve this problem and an effect of prohibiting scale in accordance with array of magnetic device was investigated. Analysis method was visual analysis and measuring weight of each pipes. As a result, interior top and out-bottom (CASE II) was the most effective array to prohibit scale. and interior left and right (CASE III), interior top and bottom (CASE I) was effective for prohibiting scale in order.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.10-19
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• 2008

Most of flooding cases in tunnels are associated with huge inrushes of water due to the fracture zone with very high water head. To find out the causes and countermeasures for flooding cases, a dozen of tunneling cases are studied. Case studies presented here show that if the flooding had been forecasted and pre-drained prior to the tunnel excavation, such accidents could have been prevented. From this observation, we suggest a new horizontal drainage system with pre-investigation and pre-drainage concept. Seepage analyses are performed to analyze the water head reduction effect on the tunnel face by drainage pipes during the construction of subsea tunnels. Drainage system analyses are performed to analyze performance of the drainage system. These analysis results show that the suggested horizontal pre-drainage system provides a clear drainage and water head reducing effect. Finally, the proposed system can be a new alternative to the present water controlling methods applied to subsea tunnels.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.432-432
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• 2015

농업용 저수지의 하류유역은 저수지로부터 농업용수를 공급받는 관개지구와 산림지 등 관개를 실시하지 않는 비관개지구의 수문순환이 복합적으로 연계된다. 이러한 저수지 하류유역의 하천유량은 배후 유역에서 발생하는 유역 유출량, 관개지구의 농업용수 회귀수량, 저수지에서 방류되는 환경용수 방류량과 제한수위 및 만수위 방류량, 그리고 지하수 유출량 등으로 구성된다. 본 연구에서는 저수지 하류의 하천유량 구성 요소를 해석하는 하천망 모형을 구성하였고, 대상지구의 자료를 구축하였으며, 모형의 보정 및 검정을 수행하였다. 비관개지구의 유출량 모의는 수정 3단 Tank 모형을 이용하였다. 관개지구의 배수량은 논 포장 배수량과 용수로 배수량을 구분하여 모의하며, 논 포장 배수량은 논 물수지식을 기반으로 모의하였다. 저수지 방류량은 저수지 유입량과 저수지 운영방식을 고려하여 모의하도록 구성하였다. 하도 추적은 Muskingum 방법을 이용하였다. 연구 대상지로 이동저수지 유역을 선정하여 기상, 지형, 수문, 그리고 영농 자료를 수집하여 모형의 입력 자료를 구축하였다. 모형의 평가를 위한 통계적 지표는 Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), root mean square error-observations standard deviation ratio (RSR), 그리고 percent bias (PBIAS)를 이용하였다. 보정 및 검정 결과 구성된 모형의 모의 결과는 실측치의 경향을 잘 반영하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과는 우리나라 농촌유역 물순환에 대한 이해를 넓히며, 저수지 하류유역 유량 해석을 위한 기초자료로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• KCID journal
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.94-104
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• 1996

1994년에 일본 서부지역에서 100년 빈도 이상의 극심한 가뭄으로 각지에서 농작물의 가뭄피해가 발생하였다. 그러나 현재까지 정비해 온 관개시설과 물관리의 새로운 방식으로 과거와 같은 심한 피해를 피할수 있었으며 전체적으로는 오히려 평년 이상 풍작이었다. 구체적인 물관리의 갈수 대책으로는 취수량을 제한하고, 물의 용도별 배분, 급수율을 철저히 감시하는 방법, 윤환관개, 비상용 양수기를 설치하는 등이 가뭄 극복의 효과적인 대책이었다. 이번 가뭄 경험으로

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.59-64
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• 2011

Clogging in drainage pipe is one of the important problems, so it needs a remedy urgently. Recently, scale in drainage pipe is removed by water jet cleaning and other treatment. But these treatments need much cost and regular management. The principal component of scale in drainage pipe is $CaCO_{3}$. It was observed the setting of $CaCO_{3}$ by some kind of analysis such as SEM, XRD, visual and weight measuring analysis to solve these problems and prevent setting formation in drainage pipe. As a result, in case of magnetic, particle shape of $CaCO_{3}$ is changed Aragonite from Calcite. Also in case of Quantum Stick, the amount of scale is reduced by expert inspector's result. As a whole, Magnetic treatment and Quantum Stick have the effect for protecting of scale precipitation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.449-455
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• 2019

The increase in impermeable pavement from recent urbanization has resulted in an increase in surface runoff. The surface runoff has also increased the burden of the existing drainage system. This drainage system has structural limitations in that the catchment area is reduced by the waste particles transported with the surface runoff. In addition, the efficiency of the drainage system is decreased. To overcome these limitations, a new type of drainage system with a drainage layer was developed and applied. In this study, various volume porosity and permeability of the lower drainage layer were simulated using ANSYS CFX, which is a three dimensional computational fluid dynamics program. The results showed that the outlet velocity of the 35% volume porosity was faster than that of the 20% and 50% cases, and there was no relationship between the volume porosity and drainage performance. The permeability of the drainage layer can be determined from the particle size of the material, and a simulation of five conditions showed that 2 mm sand grains are most suitable for workability and usability. This study suggests appropriate values of the volume porosity and particle size of the drainage layer. This consideration can be advantageous for reducing and preventing flood damage.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.409-419
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• 2023

Acid mine drainage(AMD) treatment is classified as both passive and active treatment. During the treatment, about 5,000 tons of neutralization sludge is generated as a by-product per year in Korea. This study was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of sludge generated from physico·chemical treatment processes as an active treatment from 5 different sources (D, H, S, T, Y) and the possibility of the sludges being recycled. The sludges have a pH range of 5.86 ~ pH 7.89, and a water content range of 51% ~ 82%. Most of particle sizes were less than 25 ㎛. In analysis of inorganic elements, the concentration of Al, Fe, and Mn were between 1,189 mg/kg ~ 129,344 mg/kg, 106,132 mg/kg ~ 338,011 mg/kg, and 3,472 mg/kg ~ 11,743 mg/kg, respectively. The concentration of As and Zn in sludge-T, Cd in sludge-D, Ni in sludge-H, Zn in sludge-S, and Cd in sludge-Y exceeded the soil contamination standards of Korea. The results from 2 separate kinds of leaching test, the Korea Standard Leaching Test(KSLT) and Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure(TCLP), showed that all the sludges met the Korea groundwater standards. From the XRD and SEM-EDS analysis, the peaks of calcite and quartz were found in the sludges. The sludge also had a high proportion of Fe and O, and the majority of the composition was amorphous iron hydroxide.

• KCID journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.82-90
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• 2006

The practical date of rice growing stages and the date for calculating the water demand in paddy field have differences. The causes are rice planting water requirement, nursery bed area and change of average temperature and so on. Some recent papers have shown the same results. So we have investigated the nursery period, rice transplanting period and mid-summer drainage and developed a system for estimating water demand. And we calculated the water demand by using the system. The result showed that calculation by using the new system is more appropriate than the calculation by using the established period. But because water losses in canals and crop coefficient are not determined appropriately, we can calculate the agricultural water demand more accurately by dstablishing canal losses ratio, crop coefficient and so on.