• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.157-165
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• 2015

This study investigated and compared sediment properties and macrobenthic community structures within heated effluent plumes at the discharge areas of Kori Nuclear Power Plant (KNPP) and Sinkori Nuclear Power Plant (SNPP) in Korea, which have different thermal effluent discharge systems. There were significant differences in sand, clay and organic carbon contents between sediments at the two discharge areas. Species richness and abundance of macrobenthos were higher at the SNPP discharge area than at that of the KNPP, although the values at both areas were comparable to previous studies in coastal areas of eastern Korea.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.202-208
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• 1999

The car washing effluent containing various oils and detergent was treated by ultrafiltration membranes. Dead-end type stirred cell (Amicon 8050) with 10, 30 and lOOk dalton membranes was used to determine permeation and rejection characteristics for the car washing effluent. In case of low molecular weight cut-off membranes, the effect of membrane fouling was weak under the applied pressures. However, the permeation flux for YM100 membrane(look dalton) may be affected by oil layer formation on the membrane surface as well as oil particle plugging for a part of membrane pores due to compressible and deformable oil properties. Oil and particle rejections in the permeates were over 95%, but detergent was passed easily through the membranes. Hence, the permeates containing detergent can be recycled to the system, and may reduce water pollution. Also, the car washing effluent was treated continuously by a capillary type ultrafiltration membrane of MWCO 50k dalton. The experimental data were fitted suitably to the cake filtration model.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.50-50
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• 2023

농업용수는 우리나라 수자원 사용량 중 약 61%를 차지하고 있으며, 효율적인 수자원 관리를 위한 핵심적인 관리목표 중 하나이다. 논으로 공급되는 관개용수는 필지에서의 증발산량 및 침투량과 용배수로를 통한 자연적 및 인위적인 배수량으로 소비된다. 관개회귀수량 (irrigation return flow)은 관개를 통해 농경지에 공급된 수량 중 증발산에 의해 소비되지 않고 침투 또는 배수 등을 통해 하천으로 회귀되는 수량이다. 관개회귀수량 및 회귀율은 농업용수 물순환 관리에 중요한 역할을 하며, 관개용수 사용량 결정, 합리적인 용수의 공급과 수요 관리계획 및 수질 관리계획 등에 중요한 요소로 작용한다. 하지만, 기상, 작물, 토양 등의 물리적 요소와 농업용수 공급량, 물꼬 조절, 담수심 관리 방식 등 인위적 요소의 영향을 동시에 받기 때문에 그 기작이 복잡한 특징을 갖는다. 따라서, 합리적인 수자원 개발 계획 및 관리를 위해 정확한 관개회귀수량 추정 연구가 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 전국 4대강 (한강, 금강, 낙동강, 영산강·섬진강) 권역 중심의 9개 대상지구를 선정하였으며, EPA-SWMM (Environmental Protection Agency-Storm Water Management Model) 모델 기반 수로 네트워크 모의를 활용한 수원공 단위 관개회귀수량을 산정하고자 한다. EPA-SWMM 모의 시 공급량은 농업기반시설관리시스템 (Rural Infrastructure Management System, RIMS) 저수율 자료와 수원공 단위용수량을 활용하였으며, 모의결과 시점부 공급량 및 배수량과 강수량, 증발산량 및 침투량을 활용하여 신속회귀수량과 지연회귀수량을 추정하였다. 본 연구 결과는 최적 농업용수 공급방안에 대한 기초자료 구축에 활용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.120-145
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• 2018

This study intended to examine the drainage facility of Gyeongbokgung Palace based on the traces of the relic found during the excavation survey. Historical records indicate that various efforts have been made for smooth drainage facility for the palace since the foundation of the Joseon Dynasty. Although there are no drawings showing the image of early appearance of Gyeongbokgung Palace during the foundation, it is possible to estimate it through the drawings prepared after the King Yeongjo's reign. The image of the palace after reconstruction can be seen through the "Bukgwoldohyeong" and other relevant documents. At this present, since the survey intends to determine the image of Gyeongbokgung Palace during the reign of King Gojong based on the standard restoration plan of the Cultural Heritage Administration, this study also focused on the drainage facility of Gyeongbokgung Palace during King Gojong's reign, particularly on the collecting wells and culverts of six areas including "Chimjeon Hall", "Taewonjeon Hall", "Geoncheongung Hall", "Sojubang Hall", "Hamhwadang - Jipgyeongdang - Yeonghundang Hall", and "Heungbokjeon Hall". Gyeongbokgung Palace is divided into various zones composed of the central halls and surrounding corridors, and the drains also primarily start from each hall and later join the central drain of the zone. The central drain then leads to the "Eo-gu(御溝)" and the water led to the "Eo-gu" is finally discharged through the water gate. It appears that this series of processes were basically devised to coordinate artificial drain with the natural drain using the natural geographical features of the palace. Research showed that the collecting well where the draining begin was installed in the area where a large amount of household sewage was generated but mostly in the corners where corridors met or corridors and wall met. This appears to be an arrangement to handle the water falling from the roof and household sewage. Also, "Ju(廚)" was installed mainly at the end of the corridor to handle household sewage. The installation of these drainage facilities shows the possibility that the drainage of Gyeongbokgung was very compact under a series of plans.

• 한국도로학회지:도로
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.58-67
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• 2008

교통량이 많은 도심지내 장대 지하차도 건설은 교통정체 해소에 기여를 하지만 초기 공사비가 많이 소요되는 단점이 있다. 또한, 화재등 유고시 이용자의 안전을 최우선으로 고려되어야 한다. 즉, 장대 지하차도 건설에 있어서 경제성과 안전성이 함께 만족할 수 있는 건설 방안이 필요하다. 세종지하차도는 이러한 문제점을 극복하고자 다음과 같이 지하차도의 환기방식 및 단면, 포장형식, 사고 예방 및 발생시를 대비한 종합방재시스템을 구축하였다. $\cdot$환기방식은 종류식 환기방식의 경제성과 횡류식 환기방식의 제연성능을 겸비할 수 있는 조합형 환기방식과 Duct Arch 단면을 적용하여 공사비 절감 및 운영시 유지관리비를 획기적으로 절감하였다. $\cdot$지하차도 포장형식은 화재시 내화성이 우수하며 유독가스 발생이 없는 HPC(고성능 콘크리트 포장) 포장을 적용하여 이용자의 안전을 최우선으로 고려하였고 일반 아스팔트 포장 및 배수성 아스팔트 포장에 비해 우수한 성능과 공용수명을 가진 공법을 적용함으로서 유지보수비용의 절감을 가능하게 하였다. 또한, 콘크리트포장의 단점인 소음발생을 최소화하기 위해 타이닝과 그루빙을 적용하였다. $\cdot$지하차도내 화재 등 유고시 신속한 대피가 가능하도록 피난 연락문 간격을 167m 간격으로 설치하고 비상탈출계단 6개소를 확보하였다. 또한 노약자 및 환자의 지하차도 외부로 대피를 돕기 위해 비상엘리베이터 3개소를 설치하는 등 사고발생 시 종합적으로 대처할 수 있는 시스템을 마련하여 적용하였다.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.19-27
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• 2005

The core price policy of on-line game marketing are FPP(Fixed Pre Paid model and PPU(Pay Per Use) model. These two models have been a on-line game company's billing system and a fundamental of MMORPG in Korea. However, they took root billing system only for first movers recently. In now, the market share of several first movers is exceeding 80%, late movers witch have same billing system cannot take part in pair competition. Even though in MMORPG, many games of late movers were favorably noticed by a lot of gamers during Evaluation. Test, a lot of companies are bankrupt before make business. Late Movers declare free game first thing, they maintain their existence and win over customers in on-line game market. And next, they guarantee item selling, give multiple experience value and game money, at last, induce their customers to pay service. As it makes trouble between pay user and free user, and it linked up with the collapse of game contents balance that designed for FPP billing system, And then meet unexpected result which reduction of game life cycle. In this Paper, we classified several contents services based on game contents, and suggested contents premium services which adopted low cost strategy lead to micro payment. we hope it will apply to late movers' new billing system in MMORPG.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2003.11b
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• pp.503-507
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• 2003

사용자의 고화질 요구와 사업자의 차별화된 서비스 제공 노력의 결과로 기존의 MPEG-4 기반이 아닌 고화질 전용의 MPEG-2 화질을 사용하는 VOD 서비스가 새로운 대안으로 제시되고 있다. MPEG-2 비디오는 높은 네트워크 대역폭을 요구하는 단점이 있는 반면, 사용자에게 양질의 화질을 제공할 수 있으며 표준의 사용으로 컨텐츠 유지. 보수에 유리하다. 본 논문에서는 상용 스트리밍 서버인 nCUBE 서버와 연동하여 MPEG-2 TS 데이터를 스트리밍 하는 VOD 시스템에 대하여 설명한다. VOD 제어 프로토콜로 RTSP(Real Time Streaming Protocol)를 사용하였으며, 스트림 전송 프로토콜로 UDP/IP 방식을 사용하였다. 지원하는 VCR 기능으로는 FF, RW, STOP. Pause가 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.234-237
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• 2021

최근 인공지능에대한 관심과 COVID-19의 영향으로 인공지능을 적용하려는 연구가 계속되고 있다. 인공지능 학습 방식 중 딥러닝에서는 학습 결과에 따라 가중치를 두며 지속적인 학습을 수행한다. 이때 사용하는 가중치에 따라 학습 능력이 향상되게 되지만, 과다 학습으로 인한 퇴화 현상과 잘못된 결과 도출이 되는 경우가 발생한다. 이를 해결하기 위해 본 논문에서는 문제를 해결하기 위해 비연속적 PoW 합의방식을 사용한 블록체인에 가중치와 학습 결과를 지속적으로 보관하여 형상관리를 할 수 있는 시스템을 설계하였다.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.30 no.7_8
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• pp.359-369
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• 2003

We present efficient generalized algorithms for all-to-all personalized communication operations in a 2D torus. All-to-all personalized communication, or complete exchange, is at the heart of numerous applications, such as matrix transposition, Fast Fourier Transform(FFT), and distributed table lookup. Some algorithms have been Presented when the number of nodes is power-of-2 or multiple-of-four form, but there has been no result for general cases yet. We first present complete exchange algorithm called multiple-Hop-2D when the number of nodes is in the form of multiple-of-two. Then by extending this algorithm, we present two algorithms for an arbitrary number of nodes. Split-and-Merge algorithm first splits the whole network into zones. After each zone performs complete exchange, merge is applied to finish the desired complete exchange. By handling extra steps in Double-Hop-2D algorithm, Modified Double-Hop-2D algorithm performs complete exchange operation for general cases. Finally, we compare the required start-up time for these algorithms.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.39-49
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• 2011

Recently PBD method, one of acceleration of consolidation methods is used in the soft ground to shorten consolidation time for fast settlement during construction. It is economical and easy to work. Discharge capacity of PBD is sensitive in proportion to thickness of soft ground layer, and drainage of PBD declines due to disturbance effect in surrounding ground by mandrel used for vertical drainage setting and setting machines and type. Also, deviation of discharge capacity is large according to ground condition, construction condition and soil properties. In addition, when embankment loading is not conducted instantly after PBD setting due to rain or lack of embankment material supply, it causes leaving period problems. But cause and analysis of those problems for discharge capacity is lack. So, in this test, ground improvement and discharge capacity is investigated by implementing composite discharge capacity test for analysis of an effect factor of PBD discharge capacity with leaving period. After fixing the vertical drain on a cylindrical cylinder, put churned sample into the cylinder. Then leave 0day, 30day, 60day and 90day. And then, load following the loading step of 30, 70 and 120kPa using a pressure device. As a result, the longer leaving period, discharge capacity is reduced. It is caused by a decrease of discharge area caused by creep transformation moisture absorption of PBD filter after long leaving period.