• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.374-379
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• 2005

Sublethal dose effect of imidacloprid on green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) was investigated. Nymphs of green peach aphid newly produced were counted on 4 days after sub-lethal dose treatment of imidacloprid. Numbers of nymph were not significantly different between $LC_1$ treatment and untreated control. Their numbers of nymph were 8.8 and 12.7 at $LC_1$ and untreated control, respectively. When they were tented at $LC_{10}$, $LC_{30}$ and $LC_{50}$. their numbers of newly produced nymph were 6.0, 5.1 and 3.9 and reduction rates were 52.7%, 59.8% and 69.3% at each treatment compare to untreated control. Reduction rates of newly laid nymph were proportional to the concentrations of imidacloprid treated. Repellent effect of aphid to imidacloprid was bigger in dipping than in watering method. Secretion amount had negative correlation with imidacloprid concentration in dipping method and suppression of secretion went up to 96%. In watering method, amount of secretion did not show any difference between insecticide concentration, but suppression, compared to untreated control, was over 97%.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.293-296
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• 1979

The effects of temperature and salinity on tile rates of ammonia and amino nitrogen excretion, and oxygen consumption were measured for Crassostrea gigas. There was variability with temperature and salinity changes in both the rates of nitrogen excretion and the proportionality between ,ammonia and amino acids in the excreta, and also in the rates of oxygen consumption. Rates of nitrogen excretion and oxygen consumption were markedly decreased with increase in salinity, especially at high salinity-high temperature, whereas at low salinity-high temperature condition they were significantly increased. These changes are considered as the responses of physiological tolerances to the high temperature stress and the results of the metabolic temperature compensation at the low salinity-high temperature condition. Most of nitrogenous excretory products was ammonia, and large amounts of amino-nitrogen was excreted, and especially the rate of amino-nitrogen excretion was dominant at $32.5\%_{\circ}-22^{\circ}C$. The amounts of amino-nitrogen excreted by animals were decreased in the medium of high salinity and increased in the medium of low salinity through the experimental temperature. The atomic ratios of oxygen consumed to ammonia-nitrogen excreted (O: N ratio) was low at the low temperature $(15^{\circ}C)$, and was high at $22^{\circ}$ and $29^{\circ}C$ in the medium of 32.5 and $37.5\%_{\circ}$ but low in the low salinity $27.5\%_{\circ}$.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.168-177
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• 2007

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate whether hypercalciuria patients with hematuria show different renal indices compared to non-hypercalciuria patients with hematuria. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with gross or microscopic hematuria whose blood chemistry and 24 hour urine chemistry were examined. After excluding the patients with more than $4 mg/m^2/day$ proteinuria or the patients with urinary calcium excretion between 3 and 4 mg/kg/day, we divided the patients into two groups: a hypercalciuria group whose calcium excretion was more than 4 mg/kg/day(n=30) and a non hypercalciuria group whose calcium excretion was less than 3 mg/kg/day(n=41). The urinary excretion, clearance, and fractional excretion(FE) of Na, K, Cl, Ca, P, urea, and creatinine were calculated and compared between the two groups. Results : The hypercalciuria group had more calcium excretion($6.1{\pm}2.9$ vs $1.5{\pm}0.9 mg/kg/day$), more urea excretion($341{\pm}102$ vs $233{\pm}123 mg/kg/day$), greater glomerular filtration rate(GFR) ($93.7{\pm}31.1$ vs $79.5{\pm}32.0 mL/min$) but lower FENa($1.0{\pm}0.4%$ vs $1.3{\pm}0.6%$) than the nonhyper-calciuria group, although the urinary sodium excretion was similar between the two groups. Conclusion : The greater urea excretion and GFR in hypercalciuric patients suggest that they might be on a higher protein diet than the non-hypercalciuria group. The increased glomerular filtration of sodium and calcium induced by the higher GFR in hypercalciuria would have increased their delivery to the distal tubule, where sodium is effectively reabsorbed but calcium is not, which is suggested by the lower FENa but higher FECa in hyercalciuria. It is recommended that the diet of hematuria patients be reviewed in detail at initial presentation and during treatment.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.209-215
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• 1983

In high sodium societies, the incidence in blood pressure with childhood growth is more abrupt than the rate of rise in low sodium populations. Thus, it appears that a lower level of dietary sodium intake is required to correct established hypertension and to prevent its appearance In present work, an investigation was made to estimate the correlation between urinary sodium, potassium and creatinine excretion, weight, height, upper arm circumference, blood pressures and the number of heart rate. Sixty- four children aged 12-16 years (41 boys and 23 girls) were measured. Twenty -four-hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion averaged 132.8 mEq and 42.1 mEq in boys, 126.4 mEq and 41.3 mEq in girls. Twenty- four -hour urinary creatinine excretion averaged 795.7 mg and 744.3mg in boys and girls, respectively. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 117.6mmHg and 49.7mmHg in boys, 95.5mmHg and 58.2mmHg in girls. Systolic blood pressure correlated positively weight, height and urinary creatinine but diastolic blood pressure correlated positively with upper arm circumference and negatively with urinary potassium. It was concluded that urinary sodium does not explain the blood pressure.

• The Korea Swine Journal
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• v.14 no.7 s.155
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• pp.91-93
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• 1992

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.72-72
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• 2001

• Feed Journal
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• v.2 no.8
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• pp.106-109
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• 2004

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2002

Two groups of juvenile flounders (90 g/each) were fed on moist pellet feed thrice a day for a period of 8 weeks; the first group, reared in 4 circular (6m $\times$ 0.8 m) tanks (1200 flounders/tank), was fed daily (ED) and the second one on alternate days (EO). There was no significant difference in growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR) between these groups. There was also no difference in chemical composition, except in lipid, which was significantly higher (4.1%) in the ED group than the EO group (3.4%). Food intake and gain in the whole body nitrogen (N) were higher in the ED group but there was no significant difference between these groups in N retention; they excreted almost equal amount (114 vs 112 g) of N. Although phosphorus intake was significantly different between these groups, the flounders retained equal amount (0.5 g) of P in their body and excreted also equal amount (27.6 vs 26.0 g/kg weight gain) of p. Energy intake (2528 kJ) of the ED group was higher than that (2116 kJ) of the EO group. However, there was no significant difference in their energy retention efficiency. Clearly, alternate day feeding regimen led to more efficient utilization of food by the juvenile flounder.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.526-533
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• 1991

The effect of dietary selenium on the activity of $\delta$-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) inhibited by the administration of lead were investigated in rats. The levels of dietary lead in the acetate form were 0(contro)200, 1, 000, 2, 000 and 5, 000ppm. Except control group four-level of lead diet groups were again subdivided into two depending on with and without 0.5ppm selenium supplementation. Sixty-three 40-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 141$\pm$5g were distributed into total of nine diet groups according to RCB design and fed ad libidum for 4 weeks. Lead dietary groups did not show any significnat difference in food intake from the control group. Food efficiency and weight gain were lower in 2.000ppm and 5, 000ppm lead groups but not found in selenium supplemented ones. Hemoglobin contents hematocrit values ALAD activities in blood were significantly decreased and urinary aminolevulinic acid(ALA) excretion increa-sed with increasing dietary lead levels but partly restored by selenium supplementation. however only in 200, 1, 000 and 2, 000ppm dietary lead groups. On the other hand the hepatic ALAD activites of all four lead groups were recovered 19-30% from suppression by selenium supplementation. It was concluded that selenium administration alleviated lead toxicity in rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 1993

In this study, the food intake, feces and urine of the seven high school girls were collected and the intake and excretion of protein and calcium were measured. The girls were 16 to 18 years old and the measurement continued for four weeks during which they maintained their normal living pattern and body weight. Each girl's daily intake and excretion of protein and calcium were measured and apparent digestibility and balance were also studied. The results are as follows ; Daily mean intake, feral loss and apparent digestibility of protein of each girl were 58.18$\pm$1.15g, 7.65$\pm$0.27g and 86.5$\pm$0.6%, respectively. The urinary loss of nitrogen was 7.39 $\pm$ 0.16g and showed the positive balance of 0.70$\pm$0.22g. Daily mean intake, fecal loss and apparent digestibility of calcium of each girl were 395.0$\pm$13.0mg, 233.6$\pm$15.9mg and 40.1$\pm$4.0%, respectively. The urinary luis of calcium was 145.7$\pm$7.6mg and showed the positive balance of 15.7$\pm$15.0mg.