• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.153-159
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• 1989

The experiment was carried out to examine on effect of ultrasonication on the growith of a mungbean while a mungbean is germinated and to measure amino acid content of a mungbean during its germination. Mungbean seeds soaked are divided into three groups; the first group was control group, untreated and naturally germinated. the second was ultrasonic treated group(UTG I), irradiated by ultrasonication for 8, 16 and 24min respectively immediately after soaking. the third was ultrasonic treated group(UTG II), irradiated by ultrasonication after 48hr germinating. The results were as foolows; Fresh weight, moisture, length of mungbean increased as its germination proceeds. while dry weight decreased. Ultrasonication tends to inhibit its germination of mungbean and results in the decrease in weight, length and moisture. Specially ultrasonication had a marked effect on UTG II. The longer the time of ultrasonication was, the more was the growth inhibited. In the control groups, the content of amino acid increased until 72 hours, but after that, it decreased. of the amino acid determined, glutamic acid decreased marekedly in the cotyledons, While the opposite was the case with aspartic acid in the hypocotyls. Comparing with the control groups, UTG I, the content of amino acid decreased. As the ultrasonic treaed time was increased, the concentration of amino acid in hypocotyl cotyledon tended to decreased. UTG II, the content of amino acid was lower than control groups, but higher than UTG I, and the effects of ultrasonication were similar to UTG I.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2004

Seedling mechanization of lettuce is known to be difficult due to the small seed size and the irregular seed shape. The purpose of seed pelleting is to make seedling mechanization possible by enlarging the seed size. After that, it can reduce seedling and thinning labours and can also save seeds. According to the results, there were significant differences on the percent germination and day to 50% final germination in accordance with the pelleting polymer. Among the pelleting polymer, gemination of seeds using polynimyl alcohol (PVA) was generally smooth, and followed by polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), methyl cellulose (MC), and wteen 80. The germination rate was also different according to the pelleting particulate matters. Generally, percent germination and speed of seed using the mixture of diatomaceous earth, talc and calcium carbonate were higher and faster than using other polleting materials, respectively. Thus, it should be suitable pelleting particulate matter for the pelleting of lettuce seeds. On the other hands germination of seeds using limestone, calcium oxide and benonite were low. The seed size of lettuce after pelleting was 33 times as large as the raw seed size. During the process of seed pelleting, netrient addition induced the decrement on the germination and the delay of germination speed. Also, there was differences in the germinability of pelleted seeds in accordance with the addition of nutrient sources. MS medium was generally lower than monosodium phosphate in inhibition of seed germination. Germination of pelleted seeds after priming was higher than the seeds without the treatment, and also showed the trend of early germination.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.183-191
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• 2022

Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is a perennial plant and propagates by seeds, and those need after-ripening for germination. To be ready for climate change and to ensure a stable seed supply, the technique for storing seeds in short-term and long-term in large quantities is required. In this study, dehisced ginseng seeds from two locations, batch #1 and batch #2, were stored at -3.5℃ with different moisture content, and after 3, 15, and 27 months of storage, the percentage of radicle emergence and shoot emergence were measured. After 3 months, radicle emergence and shoot emergence were normal only when the seed moisture content was more than 35%, and overall, germination was higher in batch #2 than in batch #1. After 15 months, the partially dehydrated seeds, with a moisture content between 45 to 54%, showed the highest germination rates, and most of the undried seeds were spoiled and failed to germinate. Seeds with moisture content lower than 25% had poor germination, too. The partially dehydrated seeds also succeeded in germination and growth in the soil after 15 months of storage, but deteriorated after one more 1 year, too. In summary, ginseng seeds look like have temperate recalcitrant seed characteristics, and partial dehydration allows extension of seed longevity.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.264-269
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• 1999

The effects of film thickness and moisture absorbing materials(MAM) on the ginger qualities were investigated during MA storage for 150 days. LDPE films of 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08mm thicknesses were applied to select the adequate film in gas permiability. MAMs of sheet and sachet type were applied to 0.06mm-LDPE film bag to prevent moisture condensation during storage. Thickness of film used affected neither weight loss nor firmness of gingers during U storage. But the thinner in thickness showed the less changes in sprouting, spoilage and reducing sugar. Moreover, compared with MAP alone, MAPs with MAM of both sachet and sheet styles led to the weight loss of gingers increasing by more than 3-4 times, but sprouting rate, spoilage rate and reducing sugar decreasing by 3.3, 1.4 and 2.3 times, respectively. These results showed that MAP with UM was significantly effective to prolong the freshness of ginger by longer than 2 times, compared with MAP alone.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.22 no.3 s.56
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• pp.186-192
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• 1983

The growth of germ tube of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum was remarkably inhibited on the water agar treated with 100ppm of Fe-EDDHA, a synthetic iron chelating agent, whereas germination rate of microconidia did not show much differences compare with that of non treated water agar. Both of the germination and the germ tube elongation of microconidia were suppressed significantly in King's B agar by the bacterial siderophores produced by Pseudomonas putida. The highest germination of the chlamydospores was obtained in the soil added with $0.25\%$ of glucose plus $0.05\%$ of asparagine. The chlamydospores of cucumber wil fungus germinated about $14\%$ in rhizosphere soil of 2 day-old cucumber seedlings within 48 hours, and the germination was enhanced notably in rhizosphere soil of 10 day-old seedling. But the rates of germination was not increased according to cucumber growth age after 10 day-old seedling. The effect of P. putida and Fe-EDDHA on the germination on chlamydospores in conducive soil was not pronounced in the non-rhizosphere soil added with nutrient. However, the germination was suppressed significantly both in rhizosphere soil and in rhizosphere soil added with nutrient. The suppression of chlamydospore germination was greater in the bacteria inoculated soil than that in Fe-EDDHA treated soil.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.345-349
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• 1997

Somatic embryos were induced through embryogenic callus derived from immature zygotic embryo culture of native Prunus yedoensis in Mt. Halla and regenerated into plantlets successfully. Embryogenic callus was induced most effectively on MS medium with 1.0 mg/L 2, 4-D and 0.1 mg/L BAP at an efficiency of approximately 60% using 45 day-old zygotic embryos after full blooming. Globular somatic embryos were induced from embryogenic callus on MS medium with 1.0 mg/L 2, 4-D and 0.1 mg/L BAP and these globular embryos developed to heart-shaped and cotyledonary embryos on hormone-free MS medium. Normal somatic embryos germinated 49% on 1/2 MS medium and the plants regenerated from the somatic embryos were morphologically normal.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2018

This study was conducted to evaluate the antifungal activity of 19 agro-materials that have been registered for organic cultivation in Korea, after inoculation of pear leaves with Venturia nashicola and Gymnosporangium asiaticum. In V. nashicola, most of the nine agro- materials containing sulfur and copper completely inhibited spore germination, and some of the spores that germinated did not form appressoria. However, in only lime sulfur, Neobordeaux (cupric sulfate), and Wheengaris (sulfur)showed antifungal activity against G. asiaticum. Among the agro-materials containing plant extracts, Wheengarujaba (wood vinegar+spirits+rhubarb) inhibited conidial germination in V. nashicola and G. asiaticum by 100% and 71.6%, respectively. Among the agro-materials containing antifungal microorganisms, Cheongotan (Streptomyces griseus) reduced spore germination rate of V. nashicola to 88.8%; moreover, formation of appressoria or intracellular accumulation was not observed. Application of Topsid (Paenibacillus polymyxa) reduced spore germination rates in V. nashicola and G. asiaticum to 71.0% and 90.6%, respectively, and the formation of appressoria was not observed. Studying the antifungal activity of agro-materials because of cumulative applications under the field conditions is necessary, owing to their contact fungicidal effect and the induced-resistance by microbial metabolites and natural compounds.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.95-102
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• 1996

This investigation was conducted to investigate if germination rate, degree of solute leakage and water uptake rate of seeds are a meaningful information for the selection criteria among soybean genotypes and to find out their characteristics in the variable temperature and moisture conditions encounted during long-term warehouse storage. Germination rate in soybean sprouting box and petri dish differed largely among genotypes stored for twenty months but there was little difference when stored for eight months. Length of hypocotyl was shorter at twenty months of storage than at eight months. Degree of solute leakage of Paldalkong and Pulmuwon was twice higher than that of SS88038 lines at twenty months of storage. In 30 minutes after imbibition, water uptake rate in all genotypes stored for twenty months was faster than these stored for eight months, and water uptake rate in Paldalkong and Pulmuwon stored for eight months was 1.5 and 2 times faster than in SS88038 lines. In correlation coefficients, the germination ability and emergence exhibited significantly negative correlation with degree of solute leakage at twenty months of storage. Water uptake rate in soybean seeds stored for eight months had highly significant positive correlation with degree of solute leakage in 30 minutes and one hour after imbibition while for twenty months of storage, it had highly significant positive correlation with that in 30 minutes, one hour and three hours after imbibition. In eight months of storage, the number of open micropyle had positive correlation with water uptake rate at 30 minutes after imbibiton. But in seeds stored twenty months, it wasn't correlated with water uptake.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.1420-1425
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the fermentation characteristics of cheonggukjang prepared with soybean germinated under light condition. The moisture content and pH of cheonggukjang made with soybean germinated under light condition (CGL) were higher than that of cheonggukjang made with non-germinated soybean (CNG). The color of CGL was darker than that of CNG and cheonggukjang made with soybean germinated under dark condition (CGD). The number of live bacteria in the CGL ($10.7{\pm}0.3\;\log\;CFU/g$) and CGD ($10.7{\pm}0.4\;\log\;CFU/g$) was higher than that of CNG ($9.7{\pm}0.4\;\log\;CFU/g$). The levels of isoflavone in CGL, CGD and CNG were 2,038.0, 1,993.6 and 1,747.0 ug/g, respectively. There were no significant differences in the appearance, aroma, taste and overall acceptability of the cheonggukjang made with different germination conditions. Therefore, it was expected that the cheonggukjang prepared with soybean germinated under light condition could be practically used as a new fermented food.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.36-47
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• 2023

This study was conducted to develop a mass production for a commercial use by germination of 4 kinds of Veronica glabrifolia Kitag., V. pusanensis Y.N.Lee, V. glabrifolia Kitag. × V. Spicata 'Alba' and V. spicata 'Ulster Blue Dwarf × V. longifolia. Veronica L. Effects of dipping time to a disinfecting fluid, light quality, temperature or vermiculite depth on the germination of Veronica L. were examined. Germination percentage in a disinfecting fluid for 120 minutes dipping was the 75.1% for V. pusanensis Y.N.Lee, and was some higher in 60 minutes dipping for all the species, but there was no significant difference according to the dipping time. The germination of the light quality was the best in complex light (red light + blue light) as the germination 92.8%, uniformity 2.3 in Veronica glabrifolia Kitag., or the germination 85.9%, uniformity 3.5 in V. pusanensis Y.N.Lee. And the germination percentage of red light was ranged from 79.1% to 95,5%, the blue light was 83.1% to 100% in the all species. However the germination in the dark condition significantly lowered as a 40.0% to 56.3% or uniformity from 5.2 to 6.5. Like this, the germination of blue light was better compare to the red light. The germination rate according to temperature was higher at 25℃ day/20℃ night ranged from 92.1% to 100%, or at 20℃ day/15℃ night as a 85.5% to 98.9% in the all species, compare to constant temperature 25℃ as a 80.9% in V. pusanensis Y.N.Lee. The germination rate of vermiculite depth was higher in 1 to 2mm ranged from 83.4% to 100%, however when the vermiculite was covered with 4mm, the germination rate significantly decreased from 45.2% to 72.1% and the hypocotyl length became longer above 3cm than that of others.