• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.64-73
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• 2015

Recently, hydraulic fracturing is used in various fields and microseismic monitoring is one of the best methods for judging where hydraulic fractures exist and how they are developing. When locating microseismic events using single vertical well data, distances from the vertical array and depths from the surface are generally decided using time differences between compressional (P) wave and shear (S) wave arrivals and azimuths are calculated using P wave hodogram analysis. However, in field data, it is sometimes hard to acquire P wave data which has smaller amplitude than S wave because microseismic data often have very low signal to noise (S/N) ratio. To overcome this problem, in this study, we developed a grid search algorithm which can find event location using all combinations of arrival times recorded at receivers. In addition, we introduced and analyzed the method which calculates azimuths using S wave. The tests of synthetic data show the inversion method using all combinations of arrival times and receivers can locate events without considering the origin time even using only single phase. In addition, the method can locate events with higher accuracy and has lower sensitivity on first arrival picking errors than conventional method. The method which calculates azimuths using S wave can provide reliable results when the dip between event and receiver is relatively small. However, this method shows the limitation when dip is greater than about $20^{\circ}$ in our model test.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.333-341
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• 2008

In this paper, a new interpolation model for the head related transfer function (HRTF) was proposed. In the method herein, we assume that the impulse response of the HRTF for each azimuth angle is given by linear interpolation of the time-delayed neighboring impulse responses of HRTFs. The time delay of the HRTF for each azimuth angle is given by sum of the sound wave propagation time from the ears to the sound source, which can be estimated by using azimuth angle, the physical shape of the underlying head and the distance between the head and sound source, and the refinement time yielding the minimum mean square error. Moreover, in the proposed model, the interpolation intervals were not fixed but varied, which were determined by minimizing the total number of HRTFs while the synthesized signals have no perceptual difference from the original signals in terms of sound location. To validate the usefulness of the proposed interpolation model, the proposed model was applied to the several HRTFs that were obtained from one dummy-head and three human heads. We used the HRTFs that have 5 degree azimuth angle resolution at 0 degree elevation (horizontal plane). The experimental results showed that using only $30\sim40%$ of the original HRTFs were sufficient for producing the signals that have no audible differences from the original ones in terms of sound location.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.2334-2340
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• 2010

Sun position computed by Michalsky shows maximum $1.5^{\circ}$, $0.88^{\circ}$ and 2 minutes differences in azimuth, altitude, and sunrise and sunset times respectively compared with Korean Almanac. The 2-axis solar tracking system, which consist control panel with ATmega128 CPU, BLDC motor-cylinder actuator and 2-axis link mechanism, was developed. Computed azimuth and altitude of sun for a current time, and latitude and longitude of tracker position built are controlled in real time by BLDC motor-cylinder actuators comparing with the position feed-backed by Hall sensor. The use of BLDC motor is free in maintenance. Implementation of a home-return function by Hall sensor is to minimize the cumulative error.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.411-420
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• 2009

To plan a GPS survey, they have to decide if a survey can be conducted at a specific point and time based on the predicted GPS ephemeris. In this study, to predict ephemeris, we used the repeat time of a GPS satellite. The GPS satellite repeat time was determined by analysing correlation among three-dimensional satellite coordinates provided by the 48-hour GPS ephemeris in the ultra-rapid orbits. By using the calculated repeat time and Lagrange interpolation polynomials, we predicted GPS orbits f3r seven days. As a result, the RMS of the maximum errors in the X, Y, and Z coordinates were 39.8 km 39.7 km and 19.6 km, respectively. And the maximum and average three-dimensional positional errors were 119.5 km and 48.9 km, respectively. When the maximum 3-D positioning error of 119.5 km was translated into the view angle error, the azimuth and elevation angle errors were 9.7'and 14.9', respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.36-44
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• 2009

This paper analyzes efficiency of photovoltaic(PV) tracking system using position solar algorithm(PSA). Solar location tracking system is needed for efficiently and intensively using PV system independent of environmental condition. PV tracking system of program method is presented a high tracking accuracy without the wrong operating in rapidly changing insolation by the clouds and atmospheric condition. Therefore, this paper analyzes efficiency of PV system using PSA algorithm for more correct position tracking of solar. Also, controlled altitude angle and azimuth angle by applied algorithm is compared with data of korea astronomy observatory. And this paper analyzes the tracking error and generation efficiency then proves the validity of applied algorithm.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.241-248
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• 2009

We suggest a new method to determine the off-alignment error of the composite film, together with in-plane($R_{in}$) and out-of-plane retardation($R_{th}$) of the compensation film, simultaneously. The composite film consists of a polarizing film and a compensation film for improvement of viewing angle of a liquid crystal display. We regarded the compensation film as o-plate with its optic axis along an arbitrary direction. By using an extended Jones matrix method, the polarization characteristics of the composite film are examined. The calculated Fourier constants, ($\alpha$, $\beta$) curves of the composite film as the azimuth angle is varied at the incident angles of $0^{\circ}$ and $50^{\circ}$, respectively, are used to determine the axis misalignment, the tilt angle and the azimuth angle of the compensation film by adopting the linear regressional analysis technique. Since this method can be applied for the inspection of the composite film even after laminating the polarizing film and the compensation film, it will be useful for simplifying the manufacturing process and reducing the production cost of liquid crystal display panels.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.159-162
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• 2002

This paper deals with target positioning performance according to active sonar formation and measurement error. Generally, active sonar can be categorized into Monostatic, Bistatic and Multistatic cases and their error characteristics are different each other. In this paper, on the assumption that each receiver has two kinds of measurements； sum of distances, and a angle between receiver and target, we suggest least square(LS) method that combines the two measurements in Multistatic formation, and compare Multistatic case with Monostatic and Bistatic cases. Experimental results show that target positioning RMSE in Multistatic sonar is superior to those in Monostatic and Bistatic sonar by approximately 57％.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.2
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• pp.551-556
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• 2006

위치 정보를 얻기 위해 GPS를 이용하며 다수의 GPS 안테나를 이용하면 자세까지 구할 수 있다. 그러나 실내에서는 GPS 신호 세기가 너무 약해 동작하지 않는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 GPS 대신 Zigbee와 초음파를 이용하여 실내에서도 위치와 자세를 구하는 기법을 제시하였다. Zigbee 신호와 초음파 신호의 도착 시간차로부터 송신기와 수신기간의 거리를 구할 수 있으며 이로부터 위치를 구할 수 있다. 여기에 추가의 발신기를 장착하면 두 발신기의 위치 차이로 정의되는 기저선 벡터를 구할 수 있으며 이로부터 자세를 구할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 다수의 발신기를 이용하여 효과적으로 기저선 벡터를 구하는 기법과, 이로부터 자세를 구하는 시스템을 구축하였다. 추가로 오차해석을 통하여 구해진 자세의 정확도를 예측하였다. 실제 실험을 통하여 20cm 간격의 두 발신기를 이용하여 1도 이하의 오차를 갖는 방위각과 앙각을 연속적으로 구할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.373-378
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• 2014

The technology of direction finding is very important to make high position fixing accuracy. TDOA(time difference of arrival) direction finding technology is a high accuracy technology and is used in RF system from 1990. The principle of TDOA is to receive an emitter signal with two antennas, measure the time difference of received signal and then convert the time differences to azimuth angle. For high DF(direction finding) accuracy long basis line and high SNR at receiving system are needed. The DF accuracy and position fixing accuracy are simulated with different SNRs and antenna base lines. We obtain the DF accuracy of $0.51^{\circ}$ at $0^{\circ}$ incident azimuth angle in case of 50m base line and 40dB SNR.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.653-660
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• 2017

In this paper, the author analyzes direction finding accuracy based on phase comparisons to estimate elevation and azimuth angles of arrival signals. This paper considers the uniform array configurations using four and three elements. In that direction finding structures, I present the analytic expressions for estimated elevation and azimuth angles and then analyze the direction finding errors. And one presents the design guideline of direction finding system in comparison with aspects of accuracy, structure, the number of channels in that structures. The analysis result is similar with simulation one and has difference within $1.2^{\circ}RMS$. From the proposed analysis results, one knows that when SNR is 20 dB and the baseline is half of wavelength, the estimated elevation accuracy of the uniform array using four elements is 1.15 times better than the one of the uniform array using three elements and the estimated azimuth accuracy is same each other. In addition, one knows coning error is eliminated in 2-D direction finding structure.