• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.141-145
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• 1999

Purpose : Granisetron is a potent, the most selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and is reported to b effective in treatment of radiation-induced emesis. The antiemetic efficacy and safety of oral granisteron was evaluated in patients with receiving highly emetogenic treatment by conventional fractionated irradiation. Materials and Methods : Patients with various cancers who were being treated with irradiation were accrued into the present study. The intensity of nausea was evaluated on first 24 hours and on day-7 by patients according to the degree of interference with normal daily life as followings; a) none; b) present but no interference with normal daily life (mild): c) interference with normal daily life (moderate): and d) bedridden because of nausea (severe). Non or mild state was considered to indicate successful treatment. The efficacy of antiemetic treatment was graded as follows; a) complete response; no vomiting, no worse than mild nausea and receive no rescue antiemetic therapy over the 24h period, b) major response; either one episode of vomiting or moderate/severe nausea or had received rescue medication over 24h period, or any combination of these, c) minor response; two to four episodes of vomiting over the 24h period, regardless of nausea and rescue medication, d) failure; more than four medication. The score of the most symptom was recorded and the total score over 24 hours was summarized. The complete or major response was considered to indicate successful treatment. Results : A total of 10 patients were enrolled into this study, and all were assessable for efficacy analysis. Total nausea control was achieved in 90$\%$ (9/10:none=60$\%$ plus mild=30$\%$) of total patients after 7 days. The control of vomiting by granisteron was noted in seven patients (70$\%$) of complete response and three (30$\%$) of major response with a hundred-percent successful treatment over 7 days. The minor response or treatment failure were not observed. No significant adverse events or toxicities from granisetron were recorded in patient receiving granisetron. Conclusion : We concluded that granisetron is a highly effective antiemetic agent in controlling radiotherapy-induced nausea or vomiting with a minimal toxicity profile.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2009

The aim of palliative radiotherapy (RT) is to control cancer-related local symptoms with minimal radiation reaction. About one third of all radiation treatments are given with palliative intent. Indications for RT in symptom palliation are as follows: Pain from bone metastasis, pressure symptom from brain and spinal cord, obstruction of bronchus, esophagus, superior vena cava and malignant cancer bleeding from bronchus, urinary tract, uterine cervix and rectum. In hospice palliative care, RT is very effective for symptom palliation and improvement of quality of life without influence on survival.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.155-164
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• 2002

Purpose : A ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) has been known as a hypoxic cell radiosensitizer. Its mechanisms of action are increase of the red blood cell deformability, decrease the blood viscosity, and decrease the hypoxic cell fraction in the tumor. The aims of this study were to estimate the effect of GBE on fractionated radiotherapy and to clarify the mechanism of action of the GBE by estimating the blood flow in tumor and normal muscle. Materials and Methods : Fibrosarcoma (FSall) growing in a C3H mouse leg muscle was used as the tumor model. When the tumor size reached 7 mm in diameter, the GBE was given intraperitoneally at 1 and 25 hours prior to irradiation. The tumor growth delay was measured according to the various doses of radiation (3, 6, 9, 12 Gy and 15 Gy) and to the fractionation (single and fractionated irradiation) with and without the GBE injection. The radiation dose to the tumor the response relationships and the enhancement ratio of the GBE were measured. In addition, the blood flow of a normal muscle and a tumor was compared by laser Doppler flowmetry according to the GBE treatment. Results : When the GBE was used with single fraction irradiation with doses ranging from 3 to 12 Gy, GBE increased the tumor growth delay significantly (p<0.05) and the enhancement ratio of the GBE was 1.16. In fractionated irradiation with 3 Gy per day, the relationships between the radiation dose (D) and the tumor growth delay (TGD) were TGD $(days)=0.26{\times}D$ (Gy)+0.13 in the radiation alone group, and the TGD $(days)=0.30{\times}D$ (Gy)+0.13 in the radiation with GBE group. As a result, the enhancement ratio was 1.19 ($95\%$ confidence interval; $1.13\~1.27$). Laser Doppler flowmetry was used to measure the blood flow. The mean blood flow was higher in the muscle (7.78 mL/100 g/min in tumor and the 10.15 mL/100 g/min in muscle, p=0.005) and the low blood flow fraction (less than 2 mL/100 g/min) was higher in the tumor $(0.5\%\;vs.\;5.2\%,\;p=0.005)$. The blood flow was not changed with the GBE in normal muscle, but was increased by $23.5\%$ ( p=0.0004) in the tumor. Conclusion : Based on these results, it can be concluded that the GBE enhanced the radiation effect significantly when used with fractionated radiotherapy as well as with single fraction irradiation. Furthermore, the GBE increased the blood flow of the tumor selectively.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.333-340
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• 2005

In this study, the radioprotective effects of Grifola umbellata hot water extracts (Gu-extract) on mice were investigated. Single pre-administration of Gu-extract increased the 40-day survival ratio of irradiated mice from 65.5％ to 78.6％. The growth of 3 week old male mice in the irradiated group was slightly retarded as compared to those of the control and Gu-extract treated mice. The average spleen and thymus weights of the irradiated mice were lower than those of the control and Gu-extract treated mice. The weight reduction of testis in the irradiated mice was significant. While it was relatively slight in the Gu-extract treated mice as compared to that of control mice. No significant difference in the weight was observed in heart, kidney or liver among three groups. The leukocytes of the Gu-extract treated mice did not decrease dramatically as in the irradiated group, but recovery patterns were similar in both groups. Reduction of erythrocytes were similar in both groups but its recovery occurred more rapidly in the extract treated group. The glucose level of the Gu-extract treated group did not change during the period examined, while it was still higher in the irradiated group than the level in the control group in two weeks. The cholesterol levels in the irradiated and the Gu-extract treated groups were higher than that of control group on day 7, but decreased to the level of the control group on day 14. No difference was observed in total protein amount of the serum among the three groups. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the soluble proteins extracted from various organs did not reveal differences to any extent in all groups except in the livers of the irradiated and extract treated groups, in which some proteins were missing or less present.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Radiological Science
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• 1991.05a
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• pp.14.2-15
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• 1991

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.329-334
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to estimating the possibility of manufacturing radiation shielding sheet by searching for environmentally friendly materials suitable for medical environment of medical radiation shielding. There are many tungsten products which are currently used as shielding materials in place of lead, but there are small problems in the mass production of lightweight shielding sheets due to economical efficiency. To solve these problems, a lightweight, environmentally friendly material with economical efficiency is required. In this study, Barium sulphate and Iodine were proposed. Both materials are already used as contrast medias in radiography, and it is predicted that the shielding effect will be sufficient in a certain region as a shielding material because of the characteristic of absorbing radiation. Therefore, in this study, we used a Monte Carlo simulation to simulate radiation shielding materials. When it is a contrast agent such as Barium sulfate and Iodine, the radiation absorption effect in the high energy region appears greatly, and the effectiveness of the two shielding substance in the energy region of the star with thickness of 120 kVp is also evaluated in the medical radiation imaging region. Simulated estimation results it was possible to estimate the effectiveness of shielding for all two substances. Iodine has higher shielding effect than barium sulfate, 0.05 mm thick appears great effect. Therefore, the Monte Carlo simulation confirms that iodine, which is a radiological contrast agent, is also usable as barium sulfate in the production of radiation shielding sheets.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 1986

In order to clarify the effect of radiation on the mouse jejunal crypt cells by combined administration of administration and radiation and also to evaluate the enhancing effect of adriamycin, the authors performed this study by delivering single irradiation of 1,000 to 1,600 rad to the whole abdomen of mice by cobalt-60 teletherapy unit. In combination with adriyamycin treatment groups, the drug was administered as single dose of 10 mg/kg either 2 hours before or 4 hours after graded single dose,900 to 1,400 rad, of irradiation. The authors studied the quantitative changes of intestinal crypt cells by microcolony survival assay technique and the morphological changes of small intestinal villi by scanning electron microscope in mice following to combined therapy with adriamycin and irradiation, The average number of jejunal crypts per circumference was $130{\pm}16$ in control group. The mean lethal dose(Do) of each irradiation alone and combined therapy groups 2 hours before and 4 hours after irradiation, were 160, 170, and 170 rad in cell survival curves, respectively. The dose effect factor(DEF) of adriamycin in each groups of pre-irradiation and post-irradiation were 1.19 and 1.26, respectively. The conical shaped villi were noted on 1,200 rad in irradiation alone group and 1,000 rad in combined groups. For the proper clinical application we must be careful of the radiation injury to small bowel when the anticancer chemotherapy and radiation therapy to the abdomen and pelvic area are used as combined therapeutic modality.

• 대한방사선방어학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.72-73
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• 2011

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 1985

The interaction of radiation and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) on mouse jejunal crypt cells was studied using the microcolony survival assay. 150mg/kg of 5-FU was injected intraperitoneally 15 minutes before irradiation and 6 hours after irradiation. Jejunal crypt cells of mouse survived more when 5-FU was given 15 minutes before irradiation than giving it 6 hours after irradiation. The mean lethal doses (Do) of each of irradiation alone group, 5-FU injection group of 15 minutes preceding irradiation, and 5-FU injection group of 6 hours post irradiation were, 135, 135, and 114 rad respectively. The dose effect factor (DEF) of each of 5-FU injection groups of 15 minutes preceding irradiation and of 6 hours post irradiation were 1.13 and 1.27

• Nuclear industry
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• v.17 no.1 s.167
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• pp.82-88
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• 1997

한국원자력연구소와 삼양제넥스연구소는 최근 제지$\cdot$섬유 및 식품 공업 등에 널리 사용되고 있는 공업용 전분을 방사선을 이용하여 새롭게 생산하는 방법을 세계최초로 개발하였다. 본 기술의 내용은 전분에 산화 보조제 첨가와 방사선 조사를 병행하여 점도 안정성이 우수하고 경제성이 높은 고점도에서 중점도 및 저점도까지의 필요에 따라 요구되는 변성 전분을 건식으로 제조하는 기술로서, 변성 전분의 생산성 향상 및 생산비 절감 효과와 함께 환경 공해 없이 변성 전분을 생산할 수 있어 국내 전분 공업에서 크게 이용될 것으로 전망된다. 또한 방사선 조사로 오염 유기체에 의한 손실을 방지하여 $10\~20\%$ 정도의 간접 증산 효과와 전분 추출 시간 단축에 따라 가공 에너지 절감, 그리고 환경 규제 물질인 아황산 용액의 농도를 감소시켜 작업자의 건강 보호와 환경 보전에도 크게 이바지할 수 있으며, 전분 추출률 증대에 따른 수입 절감 효과도 크게 기대된다.