• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.526-539
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• 2012

A new approach was proposed in this article, named, a non-invasive ultrasonic method to monitor the urinary bladder internal pressure which can resolve the shortcomings of the existing methods. The proposed method makes use of acoustic cavitation. It is based on a physical phenomenon that an extracorporeal high intensity focused ultrasonic pulse generates bubbles inside the urinary bladder and the dynamic properties of the bubbles are related to the urinary bladder internal pressure. The article presents the theoretical foundation for the proposed technique and verifies its feasibility with preliminary experimental data. The suggested ultrasonic urinary bladder internal pressure monitoring method is non-invasive and can be used any time regardless of sex and age, so that it will be of a great benefit to the diagnosis and therapy of urination related diseases.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.73-80
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• 2006

목 적 : 씨클로포스파미드(Cyclophosphamide, CP)는 많은 종양 질환에서 단독 혹은 다른 화학요법과 함께 사용되는 항암제이다. CP의 독성과 부작용으로 출혈성 방광염이 많은 문제를 일으키고 있다. CP로 유도된 방광염 모델은 하부요로의 통증질환을 이해하기 위한 내장성 통증의 주요한 모델로 사용되고 있다. 본 연구는 암컷 백서에서 CP로 유도된 방광의 과활동성에 대한 침의 효과를 관찰하기 위해 요류역학검사를 수행하였다. 방 법 : CP (200 mg/kg) 투여 18시간 후에, 지속적 생리식염수 관류 (분당 0.04 ml) 로 방광내압 측정을 통해 방광기능을 평가하였다. 관류 2시간 이후부터, 위중/곤륜 100 Hz, 위중/곤륜 2 Hz, 족삼리/삼음교 100 Hz, 족삼리/삼음교 2Hz 전침 자극을 하여 자침 전후의 방광수축간격(intercontraction interval, ICI)을 비교하였다. 결 과 : 방광내압 측정하는 동안, 방광수축간격은 CP로 유도된 방광염 모델에서 정상군에서 보다 유의하게 짧았다. CP로 유도된 방광염 모델에서, 위중/곤륜 100Hz 전침 자극은 자침 전보다 통계적으로 유의하게 $40.6\;{\pm}\;10.9\;%$ 증가시켰고, 2Hz 전침 자극은 자침 전보다 현저하게 $22.1\;{\pm}\;13.7\;%$ 증가시켰다. 반면에, 족삼리/삼음교 전침 자극은 100Hz, 강 2Hz 전침 자극 각각 $13.7\;{\pm}\;8.1\;%,\;8.7\;{\pm}\;4.5\;%$ 약간 증가시켰다. 결 론 : 족태양방광경의 경혈에 100Hz 전칩 자극을 하여 CP로 유도된 방광의 과활동성을 억제하였다. 이러한 결과는 침 자극으로 CP로 유도된 혹은 다른 종류의 방광염을 치료하는데 효과적일 것임을 시사한다. 또한, 특정 경락의 경혈과 해당 장부의 질환의 치료에 연관성을 보여준다.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.6-14
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• 2007

The purpose of urodynamic investigation is to determine information on the function of the urinary system. One of the most frequently used measurement procedures in urodynamics is filling and voiding cystometry using invasive method. But in this method transurethral catheter is use and it makes patients uncomfortable. The aim of this study was to implement the system that could evaluate the function of urinary tract with noninvasive and comfortable method. Therefor in this study, a sensor and measuring system were implemented to measure uroflow, urophonography and noninvasive bladder pressure signal during urination for diagnosing the LUTS(lower urinary tract symptoms) using noninvasive method. The implemented system compose of the sensor parts, signal conditioning parts, system control parts using FPGA and PC monitoring program. For the evaluation of the implemented system, the simulation of system's control part was performed and the model system for the lower urinary system was designed. From the evaluation of the model system, the mean error rate of the uroflow measurement part was 1.08% and coefficient of variation was 1,48. And the mean error rate of the noninvasive bladder pressure measurement part was 2.41% and coefficient of variation was 2.81. urophongraphy signal analysis was accomplished in a time domain and frequency domain. Average RMS power was used in a time domain analysis, and MF was used in a frequency domain analysis. From the evaluation of the model system average RMS power and MF was dependent on the occlusion degree significantly and median frequency range of $60{\sim}160Hz$ was correlated with the occlusion.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.865-866
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to implement the system that could evaluate the function of urinary tract with noninvasive and comfort methods. There for in this study hardware device and computer software have been developed that enables the analysis of the urine flow rate and vesical pressure signal measured during voiding. These signals were recorded simultaneously and transmitted to the PC. For the measurement system evaluation, the model system for the lower urinary system of men was designed. From the evaluation of the model system, vesical pressure was correlated with the occlusion degree. In a pilot study on 5 male subjects, means of standard deviation was 1.06, average error rate was 2.09 and coefficient variation was 2.09.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.139-147
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• 2006

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) affect self-assessed quality of life. The prevalence of LUTS is commonly high in the elderly. The purpose of urodynamic investigation is to obtain information on the function of the urinary system. One of the most frequently used measurement procedures in urodynamics is filling and voiding cystometry. But in this system transurethral catheter is used and it makes patients uncomfortable. The aim of this study is to implement the system that could evaluate noninvasively the function of urinary tract. A new system has been developed to analyze urine flow rate and vesical pressure during voiding. These signals were recorded simultaneously and transmitted to a PC. For system evaluation, a model for the lower urinary system of men was constructed. From the evaluation of the model, vesical pressure was correlated with the occlusion degree. In a pilot study with five male subjects, maximum of standard deviation was 1.26, error rate was 3.49 and coefficient of variation was 3.48.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.11c
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• pp.943-945
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• 2003

This study is to evaluate the change of intra-abdominal pressure related with intravesical and intrarectal pressure in patients with spinal cord injury according to daily activities and postural changes which make the abdominal pressure elevated. The intravesical and the intrarectal pressures were obtained during patient's speech, sneeze, cough, valsalva and various postural changes with supine to decubitus, derubitus to supine, supine to sit, and sit to supine according to empty and full bladders, respectively. The order of higher intravesical and intrarectal pressure rise during various maneuvers were valsalva, sneeze, supine to sit and cough, respectively. Higher correlation coefficient between the intrvesical and intrarectal pressures were noted during cough, sneeze, valsalva and supine to sit in empty bladder than full one. These results demonstrated that the intravesical and intrarectal pressures were influenced by daily activities and postural changes of increasing the intra-abdominal pressure. The intrarectal pressures according to daily activities such as cough, sneeze, valsalva and postural change were significantly related with intravesical pressures.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 1989

The effect of guanabenz on volume-induced micturition reflex contraction (VIMRC) in urethane-anethetized female rats was examined under adrenalectomy, chemical-sympathectomy, ganglionectomy, alpha-1, or alpha-2 blockade. Intracerbroventricular administration of guanalberz had little effect on VIMRC, but topical application suppressed amplitude and frequency of VIMRC. Guanabenz intravenous injection dose-dependently suppressed amplitude and frequency of VIMRC, with complete inhibition at dose of $100\;{\mu}g/kg$, but phenylephrine had no effect on VIMRC. Intravesicular peak pressure and amplitude of VIMRC were increased by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) treatment when compared with control value, but yohimbine-, prazosin-hexamethonium-treatment and adrenalectomy did not show changes in VIMRC. Dose-response curve of guanabenz on amplitude and frequency of VIMRC shifted significantly to the right by treatment of yohimbine and 6-OHDA, and adrenalectomy. Median inhibitory dose $({\mu}g/kg)$ of guanabenz to amplitude of VIMRC showed 27.3 in control group, 381.6 in yohimbine, 294.1 in 6-OHDA and 54.1 in hexamethonium, and 38.8 in prazosin. Those of guanabenz to frequency of VIMRC showed 41.7 in control group, 571.1 in yohimbine, 410.8 in 6-OHDA, 141.4 in adrenalectomy, 59.6 in hexamethoinum and 31.4 in prazosin. These results suggest that guanabenz inhibits VIMRC through alpha-2 receptor stimulation rather than alpha-1 receptor stimulation and that catecholiamines released from sympathetic nerve ending and adrenal gland play a role in the inhibition.