• Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
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• 2001.12a
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• pp.124-124
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• 2001

난소화성전분(resistant starch, RS)는 건강한 사람의 소장에서 흡수되지 않는 전분과 분해된 전분의 산물을 총칭하는데. 대장에서 발효와 미생물성장, 식후 혈당, 변부피, 장통과시간, 식품의 열량가 등에 영향을 미치므로 생리적인 이점을 갖는다. 본 연구에서는 고지방식이와 콜레스테롤을 섭취란 흰쥐에서 제조과정이 다른 RS의 섭취가 저 열량원으로서 체중감소나 혈액내 지방성분을 낮추는 효과가 있는지를 알아보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구방법으로 실험동물은 생후 4주된 Sprague-Dawl ey계 수컷 흰쥐로, 지방을 식이 무게의 20%, 콜레스테롤이 식이 무게의 1%로 첨가 된 고지방식이로 6주를 사육시켜 비만과 고콜레스테롤증을 유발시켰다. 고콜레스테롤이 유발된 실험동물은 섭취하는 전분의 형태가 다른 실험식이로 4주간을 더 사육하였고 사육기간이 끝난 실험동물들은 희생하여 생화학적인 실험- 혈액과 간의 총지방양, 중성지방양, 콜레스테롤양을 측정하였고, 면역능력으로 비장세포 증식, 혈장내 IgG, $C_3$양을 측정하였고. 혈장내 leptin 양을 측정하였다. 실험결과는 체중과 체내 저장지방무게가 난소화성전분 혼합군(RSNE)에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 혈장내 지방성분을 보면, 총 지방의 경우 고지방대조군(HC)이 저지방 대조군(LC)에 비래 유의적으로 높았으며, RS를 섭취하면 유의적으로 낮아지는 경향을 보여 저지방을 섭취한 LC군에 비해서 낮은 수치를 나타내고 있다. 혈장 중성지방은 저지방 즉 고 탄수화물식이를 섭취하는 LC군이 유의적으로 높았으며 고지방을 섭취하는 경우는 실험군에 차이가 없었다. 혈장 총 콜레스테롤은 LC군에 비해 고지방과 콜레스테롤을 섭취하는 HC군이 유의적으로 높았으며. RSNE군에서는 유의적인 감소를 보였다. HDL-콜레스테롤에서는 실험군간에 차이가 없었다. 간내 총지방과 콜레스테롤량, 중성지방량은 LC군이 다른 군에 비해 유의적으로 적었으며 고지방섭취군들은 섭취하는 전분의 종류에 따른 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 면역능력을담당하는 체내 기관인 비장세포의 중식능력은 실험군간에 유의적인 차이가 없으나 혈장의 Ig G 양은 RSNE군이 유의적으로 높고, $C_3$ 양은 난소화성 전분 추출군(RSEX)에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 혈장에서의 leptin 농도는 고지방 대조군인 HC군이 유의적으로 높았으며, RSNE군이 LC군과 같이 유의적으로 낮았다. 결론으로 난소화성 전분(RS)를 식이무게의 10%로 첨가하는 수준에서 순수한 RS보다는 RS제조과정 중 순수한 RS를 분리하기 전 단계인 RS를 포함한 전분이 체중감소, 체내 저장지방감소, 혈액 내 콜레스테롤을 저하시키는 효과를 보였다. 그러므로 RS의 섭취는 섭취형태에 따라 저 열량원으로, 혈액 내 지방성분을 낮추는 효과를 가진 기능성 식품소재로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.45-50
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• 1974

Geep-Jang, a kind of soybean paste, was made from vegetables such as egg-plant, green cucumber and green red pepper besides grains, which was fermented at $55{\sim}60^{\circ}C$ incubator or room temperature for a week. In order to determine the effect of cellulolytic enzymes addition on the Geep-Jang processing, samples were taken by 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 hours interval after first stage, chemical composition were measured and its results obtained as follows: 1. Reducing sugar was rapidly increased from twenty to forty hours after first stage. 2. Large contents of reducing sugar at G-5 group might originated from the much quantity of carbohydrate sources and speed up the decomposition of raw materials by cellulolytic enzymes. 3. The different content of reducing sugars between G-1 and G-3 group should stemed from the addition of enzymes solution and it's differences were very remarkable id the case of classic soybean koji power 4. The contents of amino-nitrogen was generally more increased than the classic one(G-2, G-4). 5. Fermentation period of Geep-Jang may reduce by addition of cellulolytic enzymes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.211-216
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• 2009

This study was conducted to determine whether Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom), cultivated in various ratios with herbal extract remnants instead of cotton supplemented with nutrients (the control), improved mycelial growth, mushroom yields and longevity during storage. In addition, we investigated the transfer of medicinal herb components into the mushrooms since they contained non-specific medicinal herbs and their composition could not be controlled. Mushrooms cultivated with 70% and 100% medicinal herb remnants had faster growth rates, higher yields and less failure in the development of the fruit body than the control group. There were no differences in HPLC chromatogram among the methanol extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus in all groups. In addition, glycyrrhizin, an indicative compound of licorice which was a major herb among the herbal remnants, was not detected in any of the extracts. Pleurotus ostreatus that was cultivated with 70% and 100% herbal extract remnants had improved storage longevity in comparison with the control. They exhibited the least weight loss during storage among the groups and they maintained firmness in the stipe and pileus. However, the sources of media did not alter the color difference of the stipe and pileus or the quality index of the outward appearance during storage. In conclusion, cultivating media that contained over 70% of medicinal herb extract remnants increased the growth rates and yields of Pleurotus ostreatus. In addition, these mushrooms had enhanced storage longevity due to their firmness. Therefore, medicinal herb extract remnants should be utilized in the cultivating media of various mushrooms.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.231-239
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• 1994

A reed-sand-filter system was used to purify swine wastewater economically. Reeds (Phragmites communis Trin) were planted on the sand / gravel bed of a 20/30cm layer depth. After the input of waste-water up to a depth of l0㎝, the effluent was monitored for pollutants on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th day thereafter. As swine wastewater stayed longer, the pollutants in the effluent such as T-N, $PO_4^{3-}$, COD and BOD were removed more effectively. The sand-filter system with reeds showed a superior removal efficiency to that without reeds. Especially in summer, the former showed greater purification rates than the latter, being 30% greater in T-N, 37% in $PO_4^{3-}$, 42% in COD and 30% in suspended solids. The seasonal purification efficiency was in the decreasing order of July, October and April. Reeds took up 40.1g N, 10.8g $P_2O_5$, 38.9g $K_2O$, 2.8g CaO, 2.1g MgO per square meter of the above surface area.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.221-227
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• 2014

This study was investigated the change of pesticide residues in young Chinese cabbages and young radishes sprayed with pesticides (young Chinese cabbage: diazinon EC, dimethomorph WP and imidacloprid WP, young radish: diazinon EC, imidacloprid WP and procymidone WP) during Kimchi preparation and storage in Kimchi fridge ($1.8^{\circ}C$) for 67 days. Pesticide residues in young Chinese cabbages were removed by up to 31~52% through brining and washing, 57~74% through seasoning with ingredients, 61~76% through 14 hours storage at room temperature, and 70~82% through storage in Kimchi fridge. Pesticide residues in young radishes were removed by up to 57~85% through seasoning with ingredients, 59~86% through 17 hours storage at room temperature, and 74~91% through storage in Kimchi fridge. It means that brining and washing process was more efficient than fermentation process.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.227-232
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• 1982

The methods determining the growth rate of mold on beans were investigated in order to compare the growth of Aspergillus oryzae on lupinseed to that on soybean. The growth of A. oryzae on cooked whole or paste form of bean substrates was evaluated by the measurements of colony diameter and hyphae length of the mold. The mold showed characteristic lag times to form the colony on different types of substrate. The growth of colony diameter was coincided with the increase in $\alpha$-amino nitrogen content of the substrate when the moisture level of the substrates was similar each other. The colony diameter and the cultivation time after the lag period showed a straight line relationship, from which the growth rate was estimated. in general, lupinseed paste allowed faster growth of A. oryzae than soybean paste at the initial growth phase. The lag time to form the colony was 24.0 hrs on lupinseed paste and 44.4 hrs on soybean paste. The growth rate after colony formation was, however, 7.05 mm/day for lupinseed paste and 8.83mm/day for soybean paste, which indicated that the growth rate after the lag period was faster on soybean compared to lupinseed. The sporulation time of the mold was related to the lag time for the colony formation. The measurement of hyphae length on whole beans could be used as a simple and rapid method of estimating the growth property of mold on different substrates.11 showed that the growth of A. oryzae was partly hindered by the thick hull of the lupinseed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.340-347
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• 2016

Since the 1970s, manufacturing has been one of the key driving forces that has led to Korea's economic growth. However, this growth rate has been reduced significantly since the 2000s, and shows that revenues and employment are steadily decreasing. In addition, while manufacturing investment in Korea has dropped sharply, the United States, Germany, Japan, and other major countries have increased investment in manufacturing. These countries have promoted manufacturing innovation strategies that include the convergence of information and communications technologies (ICT) and manufacturing. For manufacturing innovation, it is important for time and cost savings required for product development to be achieved by changes in the production process, especially product design. Modeling and simulation (M&S) is a process that replaces physical product design, mockup making, and testing, with virtual product creation (modeling) and engineering analysis (simulation). In this paper, we analyze the economic ripple effect of supercomputing M&S using an input-output model technique based on the input-output tables published by the Bank of Korea. When we set the M&S budget (about US$16 million for the last 10 years) of the Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI) as input coefficients, the effect on production inducement, value-added inducement, and employment inducement was analyzed to be US$24 million, US$13.4 million, and 267, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.247-254
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• 1994

This study was conducted to characterize the chemical and mineralogical properties of representative phosphate rocks from North Carolina and Florida, and to find out the method for increasing the citric acid (two percent) solublility of phosphate rock. The the results are summerized as follows : 1. Major composition of phosphate rock was carbonate apatite containing small amounts of calcite and quartz. The differential thermal analysis(DTA) did not show endothermic or exothermic peak till $1,000^{\circ}C$. 2. Two percent citric acid solublility of phosphate rock was increased with the finess of particle size, but the water solublility was not affected by the particle size. Long time calcinated under high temperature had negative effect, while the incubation with 2% citric acid under low temperature had positive effect on solubility. 3. To increase the solubility of phosphate rock it was mixed with farmyard and barnyard manure and acidulated. Citrate solubility by treatment with sulfuric acid was more effective than nitric acid. Acidulation with thirty percent sulfuric acid increased both citric acid solubility and water solublility. Treatment with glutamic acid had little effect on the solubility of phosphate rock.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.403-410
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• 1996

Variations of temperature and physicochemical environment during composting of a mixtures(2:1, v/v) of cattle manure and rice hulls(CMR) in two different composting methods, static windrow(SW) and aerated static pile system(ASPS), were monitored for evaluating the efficient composting system in greenhouse. The pH of composting materials increased to around 8.9 initially, then decreased and stabilized slowly to the neutral value. Composting materials in ASPS showed a rapid stabilization in pH value from the 4th week comparing to the speed in SW. Thermophilic stage for ASPS Lasted at 3 week whereas 6 weeks for WS. Required time to get thermophilic zone in compost was shorter in ASPS than in WS. Reduction rate in total carbon(T-C) was higher in ASPS than in WS. Organic matter was reduced more rapidly in ASPS than in SW showing 9 percent difference after the 6th week. Total nitrogen(T-N) increased while composting process, showing 9 percent after 6th week in WS and 1.8 percent after 7th week in ASPS. C/N ratio was stabilized after 6th week showing 17 and 21 level in WS and ASPS each. Quantity of ash and mineral content increased during composting in both system, showing higher content in ASPS. Composting process by intermittent, aerated static pile system in greenhouse had a significant effect on the reduction of required period for composting.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.18
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• pp.41-64
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• 2003

This paper describes the liability regime of the air carrier under the Montreal Convention of 1999 for the international cargo, comparing to those of the existing Warsaw system. Also this paper deals with main issues of the Montreal Convention which are relevent for the carrier's liability in the carriage of the air cargo. The Warsaw Convention was adopted in 1929 and modified successively in 1955, 1961, 1971, 1975, and 1999. The Montreal Convention of 1999 modernized and consolidated the Warsaw Convention and related instruments. The air carrier is liable by application of principle of strict liability as stated in the Montreal Convention : The carrier is liable for the destruction or loss of, or damage to cargo and delay during the carriage by air, and the carrier's liability is limited to a sum of 17 Special Drawing Rights per kilogramme. However, the Montreal Convention has some outstanding issues with respect to the liability of the air carrier : potential conflicts between the Montreal Convention and the Warsaw Convention, the amounts of limits of the carrier's liability, the duration of the carrier's liability, the exessive litigation, and the aviation insurance. Therefore, the conditions and limits of the carrier's liability under the Montreal Convention should be readjusted and regulated in detail.