• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.216-227
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• 2007

The aim of this paper is to find out the nature of causality between the two ocean freights employing the Granger method. That is because the Baltic freights tend to move very closely and seem to be behave like one time series. The Granger causality test, however, is very sensitive to the number of lags used in the analysis. This means that one has to be very careful in implementing the Granger causality test. This paper, hence, uses more rather than the lags which the Akaike Information Criterion and the Schwarz Information Criterion suggest. This study shows that BPI does not "Granger-cause" BCI and BSI, but BCI and BSI Granger-cause BPI. I also discover that BHSI does not "Granger-cause" BPI and BSI, but BPI and BSI Granger-cause BHSI. I, hence, model and estimate the ocean freight function and show that the Baltic ocean freight market is inefficient and the biased estimator of the other freight.

• 건강소식
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.40-43
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• 2009

산타클로스, 오로라와 호수의 나라 핀란드, 핀란드는 고풍스러운 중세와 세련된 현대적인 분위기가 조화를 이루는 도시 헬싱키를 비롯해 산타클로스가 살고 있는 고향이자 북극으로 향하는 길목인 라플란드, 호수가 많은 동부와 발틱해 바다를 끼고 있는 남서부에 이르기까지 아름답고 독특한 매력을 간직하고 있는 곳이다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.139-149
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• 2018

Since the 17th century, international trade has increased as a result of the development in the navigation skills. Recently, maritime transport, compared to other modes, is used more than 70% worldwide by shippers and ports, and it also has become essential in international trade. Most researchers focused only on port development, in topics like ensuring depth of water, port competition and port governance, but have left some topics undone, such as environment, ecosystem and balanced development. Therefore, this study provides insight to the academic world in port research using SNA (Social Network Analysis). The result of the SNA study shows that Baltic Sea ports researchers have focused on "Shipping", "Marine ecosystem"and "Pollution". The implications of this study are: first, the environment has become a main issue in the research field; second, the results suggest focusing on the main keywords from the keyword network. This study has some limitations such as excluding domestic journals and focusing in the recent 10 years.

• 해운
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• no.7 s.6
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• pp.44-48
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• 2004

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.59-68
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• 2011

As society alters and building ages, many industrial facilities lost their function and abandoned in central city areas, and sometimes creating many problems. However, many European countries successfully transformed those urban decay to vivid cultural hub. The purpose of this study was to analyze a concept and methods of converting idle industrial facilities to successful cultural spaces. A case study of Tate Modern, Baltic Center for Contemporary Art, and Ruhr Museum was conducted using literature review, site visit, and interview methods. Findings indicated that converting historically significant idle industrial facilities to cultural center had not only reused abandoned site but also helped regenerating adjacent urban areas. This article demonstrates the key factors of successful conversion strategies as convenience, participation, placeness, historicity, and accessibly; and thus an effort to actively enhance the strategic factors were demanded in future conversion projects. A continuous studies on exploring extensive cases in various perspectives are required for further generalization in future studies.

• 해운
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• s.89
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• pp.10-18
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• 2012

BDI지수가 지난 2월3일 647p를 기록한 이후 소폭 반등하여 2월23일 706p를 기록했다. 1985년 발틱해운거래소가 건화물 운임지수 BFI를 발표한 이후 1986년 8월27일 645p 이후 역사적으로 최저치를 기록하였다. 한편 2월3일 BDI가 저점을 확인하고 소폭 반등하였으나, 파나막스 선형이 저점 대비 1,462달러/일 상승했으나, 타 선형의 반등폭이 매우 미미한 상황이다. 다음은 한국해양수산개발원에서 발표한 "해운시황 : 위기와 기회"의 주요 내용을 요약정리한 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.17-18
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• 2006

최근 중동지방의 정세 불안과 원유 자원의 고갈로 인한 대체 지역으로 러시아 시베리아 유전이 각광을 받고 있임. 시베리아 유전 원유 수송이 파이프라인을 통해 발틱 연안에 위치한 프리모스크항 도달하여 해상을 통한 원유 수출이 증가함에 따라 ICE Class 대형 Tanker의 수요가 급격히 증가하고 있는 실정.

• 해운
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• no.12 s.46
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• pp.11-19
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• 2007

다사다난했던 정해년(丁亥年)은 이제 노을 속으로 사라지고 곧 무자년(戊子年) 새해를 맞는다. 2007년 한해도 여느 때와 마찬 가지로 나라 안팎에서 크고 작은 사건이 끊이지 않았으며, 특히 해운부문에서도 예외없이 크고 작은 이슈들로 인해 희비가 교차되기도 했다. 특히, 부정기건화물선시황이 폭등하여 발틱운임지수(BDI)가 사상 최초로 1만포인트를 넘어섰는가 하면, 한해를 마무리하는 마지막달인 12월에는 서해안에서 대규모 기름유출사고가 발생하여 모든 이들의 가슴을 졸이게 했다. 다음은 2007년도 외항해운업계의 주요이슈를 정리한 것이다.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.125-140
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• 2018

This study uses daily price data on three major types of crude oil (Brent, Dubai, and WTI) and BDI from January 2, 2009 to June 29, 2018, to compare the relationship between crude oil prices and BDI for rate of change and volatility. Unlike previous studies, the correlation between BDI and crude oil prices was analyzed both the rate of change and variability, VARs, Granger Causality Test, and the GARCH and DCC models were employed. The correlation analysis, indicated that the crude oil price change rate and volatility affect the BDI change rate and that BDI volatility affects the crude oil price change rate and volatility. The relationship between oil prices and BDI is identified, but their correlation is low, which is likely a result of lower dependence on crude oil as demand for natural gas increases worldwide and demand for renewable energy decreases. These trends could result in lower correlations over time. Therefore, focusing on the changing demand for raw materials in future investments in international shipping(real economy) and oil markets and macroeconomic analysis is necessary.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.487-492
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• 2003

The paper describes on the implementation of marine casualty prediction model that is one of the main part of Korean MArine Casualty FOrecasting System (K-MACFOS). In this work, Cell Distributed Linear-In-the-Parameter (CD-LIP) model is proposed and discussed its usability with comparing Baltic model and revised LIP model. As evaluation results by regression analysis of variance, it is known that the CD-LIP model gives best performance to the marine casualty numerical D/B of the target sea area.