• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.373-379
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• 2018

This study investigated the developmental and ovipositional characteristics of Protaetia brevitarsis individuals that were fed with fermented mulberry sawdust. The developmental periods of larvae were 164.0, 73.3, and 64.8 days at 25, 28, and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. The maximum larval weight was 2.94 g at $25^{\circ}C$, and the weight of larvae decreased as temperature increased. The average weight of female adults were 0.94, 0.51, and 0.54 g at 25, 28, and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. The weight of male adults was higher than that of females. The addition of 10% or 30% wheat bran to the fermented mulberry sawdust increased larval weight. It was possible to sell larvae from 75 days after mass rearing, when the cumulative rate of larvae that were heavier than 2.5 g was approximately 75%. The average number of eggs per female was 83.2 at $25^{\circ}C$, and this was the highest in the 5th week. Most of the eggs (73%) were oviposited between 3 and 8 weeks after adults emergence.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.72-76
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• 2000

The study was conducted to investigate the developmental periods and effect of several insecticides on Hemiptarsenus sp., ectoparasitoid of Liriomyza trifolii. The mean length and width of egg were 0.5mm and 0.1mm. The mean length of larva, pupae, abult female, and abult male were 1.9mm, 2.0mm, 2.2mm, and 1.8mm, respectively. Developmental periods of Hemiptarsenus sp. from egg to larva at 15, 20, 25, $30^{\circ}C$ were 16.9, 8.8, 5.9, and 4.5 days, and those of pupa were 20.7, 9.7, 5.6, and 3.4 days, respectively. Based on these results, developmental threshold temperatures and effective temperatures were $9.5^{\circ}C$, 91.5 degree-days in egg-larval stage, $10.9^{\circ}C$, 142.3 degree-days in pupal stage. When several insecticides were evaluated to Hemiptarsenus sp. at the recommended concentrations, B.t WP, diflubenzuron WP, and cyromazin were negligiblly effective all life stages. Fipronil SC, cartap SP, spinosad GW were less toxic to larva and pupa, but highly toxic to adults. Abamectin EC was less toxic to all life stages, but inhibited oviposition of 50% more to Hemiptarsenus sp. female.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 1997

건설기술과 산업의 발전에 따라 구조물은 대형화되어 가고, 건설공사의 급격한 팽창으로 골재 수용량이 급증함에 따라 천연골재자원은 점차 부족현상을 면치 못할 처지에 있다. 또한, 무리한 천연골재의 채취는 자연환경을 훼손시킬 뿐만 아니라 자연보호 측면에서도 심각한 공해문제로 대두되고 있어 공급량 부족현상은 날로 심화되고 있다. 이에 세계 몇몇 나라에세는 산업부산물을 이용한 골재 생산으로 공해예방과 폐기물 활용방법을 연구하고 있다. 산업부산물중 플라이 애쉬 생산량은 전 세계적으로 매년 약 2억여톤에 달하고 있으나 이중 일부만 활용되고 있는 실정이다. 이와같은 부산물을 활용하기 위한 일환으로 산업부산물인 PFA(Pulverized Fuel Ash)로 만든 인공경량골재의 년생산량이 영국은 600,000$m^3$, 미국은 300,000$m^3$이며, 매년 증가주세에 있다. 고성능 경량골재 콘크리트는 단위중량의 증가없이 내구성과 강도를 향상시켜 실용화 측면에서 경제적인 효과가 있으며, 플라이 애쉬로 만든 경량골재는 시멘트와의 친화력이나 접착면에서 우수한 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 시험에 사용한 골재는 플라이 애쉬로 만든 인공경량 조골재와 강모래이고, 결합제로서 프틀랜드 시멘트를 사용하였다. 부수적인 결합재로서는 플라이 애쉬, 슬래그, 실리카 흄을 사용하였으며, 고성능 경량골재 콘크리트를 개발코자 재령 28일과 180일의 압축강도가 각각 50MPa와 60MPa가 되도록 배합설계를 하였다. 본 연구에서는 플라이 애쉬, 슬래그, 시리카 흄과 같은 산업부산물을 혼입했을때 경량골재 콘크리트의 압축강도, 휨강도, 동탄성계수, 공극체적, 공극률, 단위중량, 공극 크기별 분포등의 변화를 실험적으로 구명하여 재반 구조용 콘크리트에 활용하기 위한 기초자료를 마련코저 한다.있어 특정한 발육단계의 난포 사망기전을 연구하기 어렵다. 또한 난포는 생체 내에서 다양한 호르몬을 동시에 분비하기 때문에 특정한 난소국부호르몬이 사망기전에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 힘든 점이 있다. 최근 들어 난포체외배양이 다양하게 개발되면서, 이러한 어려운 점을 극복할 수 있게 되었다. 본 논문은 각 발육단계의 난포를 절단해 체외배양하면서, apoptosis DNA 절단 현상을 이용하여 각종 난소국부 호르몬들이 난포발육단계별로 사망기전에 미치는 영향을 요약해 보였다. 난포는 발육하면서 점차 복잡한 호르몬 경로를 생존을 위해 필요로 한다. Prevulatory난포생존에 필요한 난소국부호르몬들은 early antral 단계의 난포에서는 그 미치는 영향이 감소되다가 preantral단계의 난포에서는 영향을 전혀 미치지 못했다. 단지 예외는 cGMP처리로써, 세포내 cGMP수준을 일정하게 유지시켜주는 것이 난포발육단계에 무관하게 생존에 중요한 인자로, 장래 연구는 난포 세포내의 cGMP수준을 조절하는 기작을 규명하는데 있을 것이다.인정되지 않았다. 7. 농지보전 처리구인 배수구와 초생수로구는 비처리구에 비해 낮은 침두 유출량과 낮은 토양유실량을 나타내었다.구보다 14% 절감되는 것으로 나타났다.작용하는 것으로 사료된다.된다.정량 분석한 결과이다. 시편의 조성은 33.6 at% U, 66.4 at% O의 결과를 얻었다. 산화물 핵연료의 표면 관찰 및 정량 분석 시험시 시편 표면을 전도성 물질로 증착시키지 않고, Silver Paint 에 시편을 접착하는 방법으로도 만족한 시험 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.째, 회복기 중에 일어나는 입자들의 유입은 자기폭풍의 지속시간을 연장시키는 경향을 보이며 큰 자기폭풍일수록 현저했다. 주상에서 관측된 이러한 특성은 서브스톰 확장기 활동이 자기폭풍의 발달과 밀접한 관계가

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.193-198
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• 1998

Experiments were conducted to investigate the population fluctuation, developmental periods, fecundity, hatching rate and demage of Citrus red mite (Panonychus citri M.) on Yuzu trees (citrus junos T.) from 1996 to 1997. Citrus red mite occurred from May to November and made two peaks. The first peak was in July to August and the secondary peak was in October. Density of the second peak was higher (9.5 miteslleaf) than that of the first peak. In the constitution rate of each developmental stage of citrus red mite on Yuzu leaves, egg stage occupied 85%. At the four constant temperature (15, 20, 25, 30 + 1$^{\circ}$C, RH 60 + lo%, 14L- IOD) conditions, the developmental period from egg to adult was 41 .l, 15.5, 11.0 and 9.4 days ; Mean longevity of adult was 23.3, 8.3, 6.3, and 6.1 days; Mean number of egg laid per female per day was 1.6, 3.2, 4.5, 4.0 eggs; Mean hatching rate was 66.6, 85.7, 90.7 and 94.7% at above temperature, respectively. When sprayed acaricide at different density of Citrus red mite, the growth of young Yuzu tree were better at low density. Defoliation rate during winter was 13.5, 20.6, 53.1, 72.6% at 4 control density 1 , 3, 6 mites per leaf and uncontrolled (10 ( ). When every time spray acaricide under 3 mites per leaf, defoliation rate during winter suppressed above 50% compare to uncontrol 72.6%.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.343-348
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• 2012

Developmental period, mummification, pupal mortality, and sex ratio of Korean strain of Aphelinus varipes F$\ddot{o}$rster parasitizing the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae were studied at 20, 25, 30, and $35^{\circ}C$ in controlled climate cabinets. The plastic container with a leaf disc of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) was used as experimental units. Green peach aphids at different developmental stages were reared in four different temperatures and presented to A. varipes for 12 hours. A female adult of A. varipes was allowed to parasitize for 12 hours in each plastic petri dish. The periods from egg to adult of A. varipes were 18.3 days, 14.7 days, 10.4 days, and 9.3 days at $20^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$, and $35^{\circ}C$, respectively. The pupal mortalities of A. varipes were 0%, 1.5%, 2.8%, and 10.2% at $20^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$, and $35^{\circ}C$, respectively. The mummifications of A. varipes were significantly different in all developmental stages of the aphid. The mummification of A. varipes parasitizing green peach aphid was the highest at 1st and 2nd in $20^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$, but the highest at 3rd (84.4-85.0%) in $30^{\circ}C$ and $35^{\circ}C$. The host feedings of A. varipes were $20^{\circ}C$ (12.5%), $25^{\circ}C$ (17.3%), $30^{\circ}C$ (16%), and $35^{\circ}C$ (10.9%), respectively. The sex ratios of A. varipes female were $20^{\circ}C$ (49%), $25^{\circ}C$ (46%), $30^{\circ}C$ (69%), and $35^{\circ}C$ (60%), respectively.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.241-248
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• 2003

The aphid-eating gall-midge, Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani), as predator of aphids was wildly used as one of the biological control agents for control of several kinds of aphids. Their some kinds of biological characteristics were examined. The developmental periods of A. aphidimyza from egg to adult with the green peach aphid as prey were 40 and 12 days at 15$^{\circ}C$ and 30$^{\circ}C$, respectively. Supplying the cotton aphid as prey, their developmental periods were shorter than with the green peach aphid. In case of the preservation of pupa in the cold condition, emergence rates were over 90% for 1 and 2 weeks at 5$^{\circ}C$ and l0$^{\circ}C$, respectively. Adult females of A. aphidimyza began mating and laying eggs at 2-3 days after emergence, and they laid about 200 eggs for lo days of average life span. Most of adults were emerged from pupa at 6 to 8 pm during a day, and they mainly acted in the early night.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 2000

This study was conducted to establish the methods of ultrasound-guided transvaginal retrieval of oocytes (ovum pick-up) in Korean native, Hanwoo Heifers. To obtain the basic data about Hanwoo, the size of ovaries in luteal and follicular phases were measured and the number of follicles in ovaries during the estrus cycle was counted by using ultrasound. And to determine the effective anesthetic to Hanwoo, various mixture of anesthetic compounds, Rompun(equation omitted), lidocaine, Monzal(equation omitted), and Domosedan(equation omitted), were treated. The size of Hanwoo ovaries were not significant differently between luteal and follicular phases. The number of medium and small follicles were peak on day 3 and 12 of the estrous cycle, and this result suggested that Hanwoo has 2 follicular growth waves per estrus cycle. The most effective anesthetic method was intramuscular injection of a.3m! Rompun(equation omitted), epidural injection of 5$m\ell$ lidocaine and sprayed cervix by 2$m\ell$ lidocaine.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.193-197
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• 2000

Wolbachia, vertically transmitted bacterial endosymbionts, is known to induce cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), parthenogenesis, or feminization in some insect species. The Wolbachia found to exist symbiotically as a non-virulent form in Drosophila melanogaster, however popcorn is a lethal strain of Wolbachia, which causes tissue degeneration and early death of its adult host. Popcorn-infected flies showed the delayed duration of an egg and larvae, and their pupal period and life span reduced. The oviposition and egg-hatching rate of popcorn-infected flies were decreased 15% and 80%, respectiv~ly, compared to those of the normal Wolbachia-infected flies. The pupation and emergence rates of popcorn-infected flies were 67% and 65%, respectively. When popcorn-infected flies were crossed with Wolba-chia-infected flies, and vice versa, both crosses resulted in a significant reduction in egg production, egg¬hatching, pupation, and emergence rate, and their progeny revealed the popcorn syndrome. When popcorn-infected male flies were crossed with uninfected females, popcorn was not detected in their progeny. Popcorn also maternally transmitted in flies, but it did not induce CI and affected on its host life cycle as a virulence.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.127-135
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• 1998

To study overwintering biology of the oriental tobacco budworm (OTB), Helicoverpaa.ssulta, OTB larvae were collected from middle and southern region of Korea in the autumn and rearedto diapausing pupae. Diapausing pupae were held at two different locations (Suwon and Chinju) and wererecollected in the spring to observe adult emergence rate and duration to adult emergence at 25$^{\circ}$C. Thesurvivorship of overwintering pupae was less than 5% when the pupae were buried in the soil in 20cmdepth. However, more than 60% of the pupae survived when they were kept in the plastic cup withartificial diet and were buried in the soil. The mean developmental periods of overwintering pupae at 25"C varied from 20.4 days to 43.9 days depending on years and locations where larvae were collected andpupae were held. The proportion of individuals which required longer than 30 days for development washigher in the population from the middle regions than those of southern regions. However, the proportiondecreased when the pupae collected from middle regions were held at Chinju, southern region. Chinju, southern region.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.77-85
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• 2018

We surveyed 281 sites of tropical plants and 666 sites of fruit plants for three years (2015~2017) on Pseudococcus longispinus and Pseudococcus orchidicola which have not been surveyed domestically. In tropical plants, P. longispinus were found at 34 sites, while P. orchidicola were found at 87 sites. However, both species were not found in fruit plants. The developmental characteristics of P. longispinus and P. orchidicola were investigated under various temperatures. The female nymph of P. longispinus did not develop at $14^{\circ}C$ and the developmental period was the longest at $16^{\circ}C$ for 361.4 days and the shortest at $32^{\circ}C$ for 39.0 days. The longevity of female adult of P. longispinus was the shortest at $28^{\circ}C$ as 71.7 days. The number of offspring was highest at 177.7 at $32^{\circ}C$. The female nymph of P. orchidicola did not develop at $12^{\circ}C$. However, the developmental period was the longest at $14^{\circ}C$ for 184.9 days and the shortest at $28^{\circ}C$ for 21.5 days. The longevity of female adult of P. orchidicola was the shortest at 51.5 days at $28^{\circ}C$. The number of offspring was highest at 143.8 at $28^{\circ}C$. The net reproductive rate ($R_0$) and intrinsic rate of increase ($r_m$) of P. longispinus were 162.3 and 0.127 at $32^{\circ}C$, respectively. The $R_0$ and $r_m$ of P. orchidicola were 98.3 and 0.139 at $28^{\circ}C$, respectively. These results suggest that the optimum temperature of P. longispinus and P. orchidicola was $32^{\circ}C$ and $28^{\circ}C$, respectively. Therefore, we guess that they can never be able to survive the winter of Korea.