• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.93-106
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• 2015

In accordance with escalating demands for advanced technology products, the smart clothing that includes embedded ICT technology have expanded into fields of daily life. As a result of this trend, interest in smart clothing with digitally controllable heating has rapidly grown and the market for smart heated clothing has also expanded. Increasing of prospect in smart heated clothing market, the effectiveness and thermal sensation research of the location on the pad attached is insufficient. This study was conducted to find the optimal location of heated clothing via experimental research on changes in skin temperature and subjective thermal sensation when heating pads were placed on different areas of the body. For this experiment, the subjects consisted of 10 males in their 20's of standard physique. The skin temperature at 11 different areas of the body, rectal temperature, and subjective thermal sensation were taken at different stages (before testing, after a 20 minute rest period, 20 minute treatment period, and after a 40 minute recovery period) in an artificial-climate chamber at $-5^{\circ}C$. As a result, the optimal location for heating pads in smart clothing was estimated and suggested.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.254.2-254.2
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• 2013

Cu wire 발열패드는 대중화된 히터로 많이 이용되지만 높은 소비전력(70 w이상)으로 에너지 효율을 중요시 하는 미래 소재로는 적합하지 않아 효율이 높은 발열 소재의 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 이에 본 실험에서 Graphite표면에 Amide 기능화를 유도된 Carbon nanotube (Electrical Conductivity $10^5$ s/cm, Thermal Conductivity >3,000 w/mk)를 분산 시켜, Graphite의 우수한 전기 전도도의 특성을 이용할 뿐만 아니라 Carbon nanotube의 접착 특성을 통해 물리적 특성을 향상시켜 면상발열체의 도막 특성 향상뿐만 아니라 효율적 발열을 유도 하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.187-189
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• 2020

본 논문은 AGV(Automated Guided Vehicle)용 규격에 적합한 자기 유도 방식의 무선 전력 전송 패드 설계 디자인을 제안한다. 제한된 공간에서의 최적설계를 위해 코일의 직경, 턴수, 페라이트의 배치에 따른 관련 파라미터의 상관관계를 분석하며 유한요소해석 시뮬레이션을 통해 대해 비교 및 선정한다. 제안한 설계 결과는 3kW급 하드웨어를 제작하여 검증하며, 발열 및 효율을 확인한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.117-122
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• 1999

Track rubber parts has heat built-up as long as dynamic loading is applied from running tracked vehicles. Durability is required for rubber part to sustain the heat accumulation and heat exchange between rubber-metal assembly and environmental air and ground. For this research, the track assembly was divided into four parts i.e., bottom track shoe, upper track pad, pin busing and metal structure. Three rubber parts and metal structure were modelled and analyzed with MARC package program to obtain time-temperature data which was induced form mechanical work of tracked vehicles. heat accumulation data was obtained from special experiments under the room temperature of 25$^{\circ}C\;and\;35^{\circ}C$ to simulate the actual environmental conditions. From this research, it is cleared that the environmental temperature does not affect to the heat accumulation speed in rubber parts. Also, the heat built-up mechanism was clarified from the thermo-mechanical work based on numerical analysis and experiments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.872-882
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• 2017

There are no specific guidelines on how to control the heat input for the heat generating smart base layer. This study investigated the mode of actuating heat pad attached to the base layer by performing a human wear test in a cold environment. Subjects participating in the test wore T-shirts, jumper and pants on the base layer with heating pads. Skin temperature, total time of heating and the number of switching for the heating mode were observed as the subject controlled the heating mode voluntarily. The comfortable range of skin temperature on the abdomen was larger than on the lower back. The subject felt hot and turned off the switch when the mean skin temperature of the abdomen was $48.8^{\circ}C$ and the lower back was $40.1^{\circ}C$. The total heating time and the number of actuating switching were larger for women than men. The voluntary action of heating for men with high cold sensitivity was significantly different from men with low cold sensitivity. Therefore, it is necessary (depending on gender and cold sensitivity) to set the heating mode differently for the automatic heat control of a future smart base layer.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.145-154
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• 2006

Each part of drum brake system is loaded by continual mechanical force and thermal force every time of braking, so enough strength and stability are required. Thermal characteristic is one of the important factors in drum brake systems design. This paper presents the thermal performance such as temperature distribution and thermal contact stress of drum brake system considering several braking patterns; 80th heat braking test mode, heat fade braking test mode, general road mode, steep slope road mode and off road mode. Transient heat transfer analysis and Thermo elastic contact analysis is executed to obtain the temperature distribution, and to evaluate thermal stress of drum brake by using ABAQUS/Standard code. This procedure of analysis can effectively be used to improve the quality problem of brake system and to get design guideline of the new product.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2012

Recently, the market of skin-care device has been steadily growing up. In this paper, we tried to develop a personal compound stimulus device more competitive than existing products. As the compound stimulus, biochemical stimulus of herbal extraction fluid, thermal stimulus of plate-shaped carbon fiber heater, and optical stimulus of near infrared LED were selected. By some evaluation tests, the thermal stimulation part and the optical stimulation part were found to be developed properly. Additionally, the efficacy of the mixed stimulus of thermal and optical stimulation was tested in C2C12 mouse myoblast. Through RT-PCR analysis, it was found that, by the developed compound stimulus, the expression of collagen I mRNA and collagen III mRNA increased by 4.9 and 1.3 times respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.687-697
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• 2017

To figure out an appropriate pressure level for a body warming base layer, human responses were observed when the pattern reduction of base layers varied. Under the condition of $2^{\circ}C$, 60% RH, 0.1m/s, ten male subjects participated in the experiment with four sizes of experimental vests where heating pads were attached. The subjective evaluations of the heating vests with different sizes were reported using 7 or 9 point scales. We simultaneously observed chest, abdomen and scapula skin temperatures and microclimate humidity. It was found that the tight pattern as in the case of A or B provided a warmer subjective sensation and skin temperature than C or D; however, there were no differences in skin temperature at the chest. Eventually, the chest temperature decreased after about 30 mins of heating; however, temperature of abdomen increased and indicated that heating with two commercial pads used was inadequate for whole body warming. The pressure sensation of 'tight' was improved after warming the abdomen in a cold environment. Overall, the gaps beyond the original circumference of the abdomen, as in C or D, were not desirable for the local heating of abdomen under the conditions of this experiment where walking was included in the protocol. The experiment garment B with nude waist circumference was the best, and D with the largest ease, was the worst for a comfortable warming vest.