• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.136-146
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• 2023

Biological materials, such as stuffed specimens, can release various acids or volatiles. There has been no research carried out on the emission characteristics of organic compounds generated from the preservatives used in taxidermy specimens or associated manufacturing materials and methods. Therefore, in order to identify the organic compounds generated from taxidermy specimens, a degradation experiment was conducted on specimens for each material and for storage specimens. To produce Ogye chicken specimens, naphthalene and borax were used as preservatives, and planer sawdust, newspaper, and polystyrene foam were used as the core body materials. The deterioration experiment was conducted for 2 weeks in a high-temperature environment(50℃) and a high-humidity environment (95%), with an Ogye chicken specimen (year 2015) kept in an animal storage facility. Results indicated that the concentration of organic compounds generated by the specimen in the high-temperature environment tended to be greater than that in the high-humidity environment. The preservatives benzene, toluene, xylene, and p-dichlorobenzene were detected in the specimens using naphthalene, confirming that naphthalene is a major organic compound release factor, and the specimens that used sawdust, newspaper, and polystyrene foam also exhibited organic compounds. This appears to have been due to degradation of the material. In addition, ammonia was detected in the specimens for each material due to decay. In particular, the specimens using borax at high temperature were subject to approximately 9 times higher rates of ammonia-related deterioration than the specimens using naphthalene. These results can be considered to result from the prevention of biological damage through insecticidal effects by accelerating the sublimation of naphthalene in a high-temperature environment. Naphthalene is a potentially carcinogenic substance, and when used as a preservative, proper use management is required. Taxidermy specimens can release various organic compounds depending on the manufacturing techniques used, so a systematic preservation management plan is required that depends on conditions such as the applicable manufacturing materials and preservatives.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.85-96
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• 1993

To investigate the alteration of transferrin receptor (TfR) in the proliferating or transformed liver cells, $^{125}I-transferrin$ binding experiment was carried out in the isolated parenchymal cells (PC) or nonparenchymal cells (NPC) from normal regenerated rat liver after partial hepatectomy and from the liver of 3-methyl-4-dimethyl-aminoazobenzene (3-Me-DAB) treated rat. With the administration of 3-Me-DAB for 8 weeks, the liver tissue showed marked morphologic changes of oval cell proliferation, regenerations of hepatocytes, and atypical proliferations of bile ducts, but these changes were little affected by partial hepatectomy. Transferrin binding values in PC or NPC homogenate from the regenerated liver of normal rat, were increased by 3rd day and diminished to control level at 7th day after partial hepatectomy. With the treatement of 3-Me-DAB for 8 weeks, transferrin binding sites in homogenates were higher than those of normal rat liver and increased by 7th day after partial hepatectomy. Transferrin binding sites (Bmax) in the cell membrane of NPC were higher than those of PC of normal rat liver, but there was no significant difference in Kd values between both groups (5.05, 6.3 nM). In the normal resenerated rat liver, transferrin binding sites in the PC or NPC plasma membrane, were increased by 3rd day and diminished to control level at 7th day after partial hepatectomy. With 3-Me-DAB tratment, transferrin binding sites in both liver NPC and PC plasma membrane were increased about 3 folds, compared to those in each plasma membrane of normal rat liver. And after partial hepatectomy of 3-Me-DAB trated rat, transferrin binding sites were increased by the 3rd day in the NPC plasma membrane but increased by the 7th day in the PC plasma membrane. In the transferrin binding sites of the PC or NPC plasma membrane of 3-Me-DAB treated liver, two kinds of Kd values $(3.1{\sim}4.7\;nM,\;25.4{\sim}54.1\;nM)$ were detected. The present results suggest that 1) TfRs are distributed in the liver PC as well as NPC; 2) Increased TfRs in PC or NPC plasma membrane of normal regenerated liver after partial hepatectomy and 3-Me-DAB treated rat liver, may be due to increased intracellular synthesis; 3) Increased TfRs in normal regenerated liver after partial hepatectomy might be related to the expression of a single type of high affinity site $(Kd,\;3.1{\sim}7.5\;nM)$, but in 3-Me-DAB treated rat liver might be related to the expression of high and low affinity types of receptors $(Kd,\;25.4{\sim}54.1\;nm)$.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.210-216
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• 2006

The concentrations of 16 priority PAHs (US EPA standard) were analyzed in the surface sediments obtained from 23 sampling sites near Kwangyang Bay in Korea. There was a local variability in the total PAHs ranged from 0.01 to 171.39 mg/kg, with a mean value of $8.13{\pm}24.8mg/kg$. The major pollution sources of PAHs near Kwanyang Bay were Taeindo, Sueo stream and Wallae stream, whose concentrations were 114.81, 38.37 mg/kg and 19.05 mg/kg, respectively. It showed that PAHs concentrations were increased with the decrease of particle size and with the increase of organic carbon contents in three fractioned sediments. From the analysis of PAHs source using LMW/HMW, Phe/Ant, and Fla/Pyr, pyrolysis by-products were mostly showed in Kwangyang Bay and some place showed the mixure of pyrolysis by-products, and crude oil by-products. Besides, the toxic effects assessment on benthic ecosystem for three major pollution sources showed that the PAHs concentration of Taindo which was mainly accumulated with carcinogenic PAHs exceeds ERM value and the PAHs of Sueo and Wallae streams are the degree of ERL value.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.157-163
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• 2005

목 적 : Myeloperoxidase (MPO)는 benzo(a)pyrene, aromatic amines과 같은 발암전구물질 활성화를 통해 폐암 발생에 관여한다. MPO 유전자 promoter 부위의 -463G>A 다형성은 MPO유전자의 발현량을 감소시킨다고 알려져 있다. 저자들은 MPO 유전자 promoter 부위의 -463G>A 다형성과 폐암 위험도의 상관 관계를 조사하였다. 방 법 : 경북대학교병원에서 폐암으로 진단된 432예를 대상으로 하였으며 대조군은 건강검진센타를 방문한 건강인 가운데 환자군과 연령 및 성을 match하여 무작위로 선택한 432명을 대상으로 하였다. 결 과 : MPO -463G>A의 유전자형은 폐암군의 경우 GG, GA, AA형이 각각 353명(81.7%), 76명(17.6%), 3명(0.7%)이였고 대조군의 경우 각각 356명(82.4%), 72명(16.7%), 4명(0.9%)으로 두 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. -463 AA+GA 유전자형은 -463 GG 유전자형에 비해 전체 폐암의 경우 위험도의 유의한 차이가 없었으며 (adjusted OR= 1.03, 95% CI= 0.72-1.47), 연령, 성별, 흡연력, 조직형으로 구분하였을 경우에도 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : MPO 유전자의 -463G>A 다형성은 한국인에서 폐암의 위험도를 결정하는 주요 인자가 아닌 것으로 생각된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.134-134
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• 2015

최근 액체 플라즈마에 대한 주된 이슈는 방전에 의해 발생하는 히드록실라디칼(OH-)과 버블이다. 액체 플라즈마를 이용한 다양한 응용분야에서는 히드록실라디칼에 주목하고 있다. 액체 플라즈마는 그래핀 파생물의 용액 친화도 향상을 위해 이용될 수 있다. 흑연이 포함된 과산화수소(H2O2) 용액에서 전기적인 방전으로 만들어진 히드록실라디칼로 그래핀 파생물의 용액 친화도를 향상시킨다. 이는 잠재적인 프린팅(printing) 기술 발전에 기대된다. 그리고 이 라디칼은 폐수에서 발암성의 트라이클로로아세트산(CCl3COOH)을 탈 염소하고 분해하는 역할을 하여 액체 플라즈마가 새로운 수처리 기술로 부상되고 있다. 또한 인체에서는 살균 작용을 하는 것 뿐만 아니라 단백질 고리를 끊는 역할을 하여 전립선 수술과 같은 인체수술에 적용될 수 있다. 최근 액체 플라즈마를 이용한 돼지 각막 임상수술에서 레이저와 필적할 정도로 매우 정밀하게 수술된 연구결과가 발표되어 인체 각막수술 적용에 기대된다. 이처럼 액체 플라즈마를 이용한 대부분의 응용분야에서 히드록실라디칼의 역할이 중요하다. 액체 플라즈마의 또 다른 이슈인 버블은 2가지의 역할을 한다. 첫 번째로 방전소스의 역할이다. 액체 속에 담긴 얇은 전극에 전압을 인가하면 전극 주변에서 강한 전기장의 발생으로 줄열(joule heating)에 의해 버블이 생성된다. 전극에서 버블이 생성되었을 때, 서로 다른 유전율을 가진 두 물질로 나누어진다. (버블 안은 공기로 상대 유전율 ${\varepsilon}r{\fallingdotseq}=1$, 용액은 ${\varepsilon}r{\fallingdotseq}=80$이다.) 시스템에 인가된 전압이 항복 전압(breakdown voltage)을 넘어서면 유전율이 상대적으로 낮은 버블내부에 강한 전기장이 걸리게 되어 방전이 일어난다. 만약 버블이 존재하지 않는다면 방전을 위해서 매우 높은 전압이 필요하다. 따라서 버블은 플라즈마 방전의 소스역할을 한다. 두번째로 버블은 전극의 부식을 방지하는 역할을 한다. 전극 부식은 주로 전기분해로 인한 산화반응에 의해 발생하는데 버블을 전극에 오래 머무르게 하면 부식을 방지할 수 있다. 이처럼 액체 플라즈마 시스템에서 버블의 역할들은 상당히 중요하다. 일반적으로 버블은 시스템에 인가하는 전원, 전극 극성 그리고 전압크기에 따라 거동이 달라진다. 시스템에 AC파워를 인가하면 버블은 주파수가 높을수록 전극에서 떨어지는 속도가 빨라지는 특성을 보인다. 핀 전극 극성이 음극일 때는 양극일 때보다 버블이 더 잘 생성된다. 또한 인가전압크기에 따라 거동이 달라지며 시스템에 같은 전압을 인가하여도 크기가 항상 같지 않고, 거동도 일관성을 보이지 않은 랜덤적인 모습을 보인다. 본 연구에서는 이 랜덤적인 버블의 거동을 정리하고 응용분야에서 중요하게 여기는 히드록실라디칼 생성에 대해 공부하기 위해 염류 용액(saline solution)에 핀(pin)-면(plane) 전극 구조를 설치하여 10Hz 주파수(1% duty cycle)를 가진 0-600V 구형펄스로 실험하였다. 실험을 통한 결과로서 랜덤적인 버블의 거동을 전극에서 버블이 떨어지는 속도와 플라즈마 특성에 따라 슈팅모드(shooting mode)와 유지모드(keeping mode) 2가지 모드로 분류하였다. 슈팅모드에서는 버블이 핀 전극에서 성장하지 못하고 빠른 속도로 떨어지는 모드로 플라즈마 방전이 잘 이루어지지 않는다. 반면 유지모드에서는 버블이 핀 전극에서 떨어지지 않고 지속적으로 성장한다. 이 모드에서는 펄스 시간 동안 하나의 버블로 연속적인 방전이 가능하다. 방전이 일어날 때 발생하는 히드록실라디칼의 생성은 버블 내부의 쉬스와 관련이 있다. 이 라디칼을 만들기 위해서는 높은 에너지가 요구되기 때문에 버블 내부의 쉬스(sheath)에서 만들어진다. 펄스 동안 쉬스는 주로 핀 전극 주변에서 유지되며 히드록실라디칼은 이곳에서 주로 만들어진다. 따라서 버블과 함께 쉬스도 성장하는 버블유지모드에서 슈팅모드보다 히드록실라디칼이 더 많이 생성된다.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.238-246
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• 2009

Acrylamide in various food samples in Korea were monitored during the period beginning August 2006 through May 2007. A total of 471 food products that were purchased at local markets were categorized into 17 groups and analyzed for the acrylamide content by using an LC-MS/MS method. Food samples that were selected based on special consideration such as expert consultation, Korean food consumption data and food market shares were considered to be representative. There are very large variations in acrylamide levels within tested foods. Acrylamide content ranged from ND(not detected) to $4,002{\mu}g$/kg with all tested samples. Acrylamide levels are relatively high in 'cereal', 'coffee', 'potato snacks', 'biscuit', 'chocolate', and 'prune juice'. Acrylamide was also detected in fruits, vegetables, Korean traditional cookies which are considered as safe for acrylamide.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.136-142
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• 2002

Anticarcinogen is one of the major strategies for cancer control. It is well established that dietary factors play an important role in modulating the development of certain types of human cancer. We investiagted the anticarcinogenic effects of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge (SS) with Platycodon grandiflorum A. extracts on HepG2, HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines. By the MTT assay, among the five partition layers of methanol extract of SS (SSM), the ethylether partition layer of SS (SSMEE) showed the strongest cytotoxic effects on all cell lines. We also investigated the synergistic effect of the combination of SS and PG extracts on growth inhibition of the HepG2, HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines compared to the effects of five partition layers of SSM. Combination of SS and PG extracts significantly increased cytotoxic effects on all cell lines. Therefore, we were able to conclude that ethylether partition layer, SSMEE might have potentially useful cytotoxic materials on all the human cancer cells which we used. And we could suggest that the combination of SS with PG enhanced the anticarcinogenic effect on HepG2, HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines. We also determined QR activity of partition layers of SSM, among them, SSMEE on HepG2 cells showed the highest QR activity, 3.21 as control value of 1.0.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.1371-1376
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• 2007

The effect of Hovenia dulcis Thumb leaves on the mutagenicity in salmonella assay and inhibitory effects on the growth of cancer cells were studied. On antimutagenicity as evaluated by Ames test, the extract and fractions of Hovenia dulcis Thumb leaves had no effect on the mutagenicity by themselves. However, methanol extract and fractions from Hovenia dulcis Thumb showed strong inhibitory effect on the mutagenesis induced by N-methyl-N#-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine (MNNG) and benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P). Among the solvent fractions of methanol extract, the hexane, chloroform and butanol fraction exhibited stronger inhibitory activity against MNNG and B(a)P induced mutagenesis than water fraction. For anticancer effects, Hovenia dulcis Thumb loaves extract and fractions against cancer cell lines including HepG2 and HT29 were investigated. The methanol extract, the hexane fraction and the chloroform fraction of Hovenia dulcis Thumb leaves inhibited growth of cancer cells but they had no effect on the cytotoxicity of normal human liver cells under the same conditions.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.73-81
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• 2002

In normal Fenton's reagent, the reductive mechanism of carbon tetrachloride (CT) with superoxide radical (${O_2}^-$.) was observed and the rate of ${O_2}^-$. production was investigated as a function of $H_2O$$_2$ concentration and pH. As pH was increased, the rate of 1-hexanol degradation was rapidly decreased from 90% (at pH 3) to 5% (at pH 11). On the other hand, more degradation of carbon tetrachloride was observed at higher pH regimes indicating Fenton's reaction is an oxidant-reductant co-existing system at neutral pHs. The rate of $O_2^{-}$ . production was observed at different $H_2$$O_2$ concentrations and at different pHs. The rate increased from (45.3$\pm$7.8) x $10^{-6}$ M/s to (151.0$\pm$26.2) x $10^{-6}$ M/s ($294mM H_2$$O_2$) at pH 11: the rate 3150 increased from (22.1$\pm$3.8) x $10^{-6}$ M/s at pH 7 to (151.0$\pm$26.2) x $^10{-6}$ M/s at pH 11 with 294mM $H_2$$O_2$, These results showed that Fenton's reagent could be applied at wide pH regimes. Especially, carbon tetrachloride, which can not be easily adsorbed to soils and then can be dissolved into groundwater causing a cancer, could be efficiently treated by Fenton's reagent.reagent.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1331-1337
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• 2015

S-allylcysteine (SAC) is an aged garlic derived water soluble organosulfur compound and has been suggested to have anticarcinogenic activity against diverse types of cancer cells. This review summarizes the cellular signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms whereby SAC exerts its effects on cellular proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle progression and metastasis based on the results from both in vitro and in vivo studies. SAC activates proapoptotic proteins including Bax and caspase-3, but suppresses antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins to bring about cancer cell death through mitochondria-mediated intrinsic pathway. SAC also inhibits cellular proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest in which SAC reduces expression and activation of NF-κB, cyclins, Cdks, PCNA and c-Jun, but elevates expression of cell cycle inhibitor proteins p16 and p21 through suppression of both PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. And, SAC inhibits invasion and metastasis of cancer cells by inducing suppression of both angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through decreased cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression and increased E-cadherin expression which were then caused by suppression of inhibitory transcription factors Id-1 and SLUG from SAC-mediated inactivation of both MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR/NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, SAC prevents toxic compound-induced carcinogenesis by inducing antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione-s-transferase (GST). Thus, SAC can be considered as a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of cancer.