• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
• /
• spring
• /
• pp.317-320
• /
• 2000

본 논문은 영어 모국어 화자(남, 여)들이 발성한 영어 모음 12개를 가지고 모음의 길이와 포만트 값(Fl, F2)을 측정하고, 인지실험에 사용할 시료를 만들어 원광대학교 학부생을 대상으로 음성학 수강반 학생 90명, 비 수강반 64명 두 그룹으로 나누어 총 154명을 대상으로 인지실험(Identification test)를 실시하였다. 인지실험결과 음성학 수강반 학생들의 모음인지율이 비 수강반 학생들 보다 대체적으로 좋았으며, 여자화자의 모음인지율이 남자화자의 인지율보다 대체적으로 높았다. 학생들의 인지율 가장 좋은 모음은 hayed, hard였으며, 인지율이 가장 낮은 모음은 head, had 등이였다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.43-47
• /
• 1987

Primary malignant melanom of the spinal cord is extremely rare. The best treatment appears to be total surgical excision, when possible and postoperative irradiation, but the value of radiotherapy is unknown because the number of cases that have been irradiated postoperatively is small. The 2-year survival rate for primary malignant melanoma of the spinal cord is usually less than $16\%$ and most patients died within 1 year. The prognosis of this tumor is poor.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.432-436
• /
• 1997

Primary malignant pericardial mesothelioma(PMPM) is more rare than heart tumor, and the term of mcsothelioma was first used by Adami in 1910, although the lesion was Hrst descripted by Wagner in 1870. Most of 1:le reported 40 cascs have becn diagnosed on autopsy. Antemortem diagnosis are rarely reported with only 40 cases in the world. According to Cohen, its incidence in 500,000 autopsies were 2.2. An analysis of the recent review shows that an antemortem diagnosis was made in only 19∼25% of total cases. This report co sist of a case of our experience of PMPM.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.40 no.1 s.270
• /
• pp.37-44
• /
• 2007

Background: It is known that long-term survival rate in patients underwent bronchial sleeve lobectomy for primary lung cancer is at least equal to that in patients underwent pneumonectomy, and bronchial sleeve lobectomy is performed in patients with suitable tumor location even in patients have adequate pulmonary function. Sleeve pneumonectomy is performed when carina was invaded by tumor or tumor location was near to the carina. We performed this study to know our results of sleeve resection for primary lung cancer. Material and Method: We analyzed retrospectively the medical records of 45 patients who underwent sleeve lobectomy or sleeve pneumonectomy for primary lung cancer by one thoracic surgeon from May 1990 to July 2003 in Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University. Follow-up loss was absent and last follow-up was performed in April 5, 2005. Kaplan-Meyer method and log-lank test were used to know long-term survival rate and p-value. Result: Mean age was 60 years old and male to female ratio 41:1. Histologic types were squamous cell carcinoma were 39, adenocarcinoma were 4, and others were 2 patients. Pathologic stages were I 14, II 14, and III 17 patients. Nodal stages were N0 23, N1 13, and N2 9 patients. Types of operation were sleeve lobectomy 40 and sleeve pneumonectomy 5 patients. Operative mortality was 3 patients and its cause was respiratory complications. Early complications were pneumonia 4, atelectasis 8, air leakage more than 7 days 6, and atrial fibrillation 4 patients. In 19 patients tumor was recurred. Local recurrence was 10 and systemic metastasis was 9 patients. Overall 5, 10-year survival rate were 54.2%, 42.5%. The 5, 10-year survival rates according to the pathologic stage were 83.9%, 67.1% in stage I, 55%, 47.1% in II, 33.3%, 25% in III, and significance difference was present between stage I and III. The 5, 10-year survival rate according to the lymph node involvement were 63.9%, 54.6% in N0, 53,8%, 46.5% in N1, 28.5%, 14.2% in N2, and significance difference was present between N0 and N2. Conclusion: Because bronchial sleeve lobectomy for primary lung cancer could be performed safely and shows acceptable long-term survival rate, it could be considered primary in case of suitable tumor location if complete resection is possible. Although sleeve pneumonectomy for primary lung cancer shows somewhat high operative mortality rate, it could be considered in view of curative treatment.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.376-381
• /
• 2004

Primary cardiac lymphoma is an extranodal malignant lymphoma of any cell type involving only heart and pericardium without dissemination. Patients usually present symptoms of heart failure, arrhythmias, pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade. Diagnosis of primary cardiac lymphoma can be performed by echocardiogram, CT and MRI and cytologic examination of pericardial effusion or transvenously biopsied cardiac tissue. Prognosis of primary cardiac lymphoma is poor. Because of poor prognosis, early diagnosis and complete surgical excision is essential and postoperative systemic chemotherapy or radiotherapy is useful. In this case extensive tumor infiltration on the right ventricle and atrioventricular groove preclude surgical excision. Tissue biopsy revealed primary cardiac lymphoma. After postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the size of intracardiac mass is decreased in follow up chest CT scan and echocardiogram and symptoms of patient are relieved. Therefore, we report a case of primary cardiac lymphoma with review of literatures.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.250-258
• /
• 2007

Current speech recognition technology s achieved high performance with the development of hardware devices, however it is insufficient for some applications where high reliability is required, such as voice control of powered wheelchairs for disabled persons. For the system which aims to operate powered wheelchairs safely by voice in real environment, we need to consider that non-voice commands such as user s coughing, breathing, and spark-like mechanical noise should be rejected and the wheelchair system need to recognize the speech commands affected by disability, which contains specific pronunciation speed and frequency. In this paper, we propose non-voice rejection method to perform voice/non-voice classification using both YIN based fundamental frequency(F0) extraction and reliability in preprocessing. We adopted a multi-template dictionary and acoustic modeling based speaker adaptation to cope with the pronunciation variation of inarticulately uttered speech. From the recognition tests conducted with the data collected in real environment, proposed YIN based fundamental extraction showed recall-precision rate of 95.1% better than that of 62% by cepstrum based method. Recognition test by a new system applied with multi-template dictionary and MAP adaptation also showed much higher accuracy of 99.5% than that of 78.6% by baseline system.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.22 no.8
• /
• pp.149-156
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study is to reduce the contaminants (total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), fine particle, odor and total airborne bacteria) during cooking process in cooking chamber, and to decrease the health damage in indoor space that has bad work environment. In order to solve the shortcomings of existing air purifiers and remove all kinds of pollutants effectively, this study focused on the development of indoor air purifiers which are made of bar type. Bio-ceramics filter which combines activated carbon and loess. The air cleaners developed with 4 measuring items including TVOCs, particulate matter, complex odor and total airborne bacteria were measured comparing their pre-service test to their post-service test after a period of time. The measured results showed higher removal efficiency of 91.02% as the concentration of TVOCs was reduced from $2,500{\mu}g/m^3$ to $223{\mu}g/m^3$. Second, the particulate matter removal ratio was 97.51% efficient with average concentration of $26.68{\mu}g/m^3$. Third, the odor showed 95.20% reduction as air dilution ratio averaged out at 144. Last, total airborne bacteria was eliminated by over 94% showing the changeable concentration from $787{\sim}814CFU/m^3$ to $47{\sim}40CFU/m^3$. In addition, the removal rate of harmful pollutants is excellent, and it is expected that the environment of the existing poor cooking room will be greatly improved by using the developed air purifier in combination with the ventilation device and the stove hood.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.30 no.9
• /
• pp.908-913
• /
• 1997

From May 1988 to December 1995, 77 patients underwent surgical re ection for primary non-small cell lung cancer at GNUH, and were evaluated clinically. There were 65 males and 12 females(M:P=5.4:1), and the peak incidence of age was 6th decade of life(44.5%). The major symptoms were cough, hemoptysis and chest pain due to anatomical effects of the mass. Histopathologically, squamous cell carcinoma was 81.8%, adenocarcinoma 14.3%, and adenosquamous carcinoma 3.9% . There was no significant difference in survival among three groups. The pneumonectomy was performed in 26 cases(33.8%), lobectomy 30 cases(38.9%), bilobectomy 9 cases(11.7%), and overall resectability was 84.4%. The postoperative official stagings were as follows ; 26 patients of stage I(34%), 14 patients of stage II(18%), 22 patients of stage IIIa(29%), 14 patients of stage IIIb(18%), and one patients of stage IV(1%). In all cases, 3 year survival rate are showed stage 183%, stage II 26%, stage IIIa 17%, and stage IIIb 0%.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.31-39
• /
• 1995

In this paper, we have constructed phoneme discriminant filters [PDF] according to the linear discriminant function. These discriminant filters do not follow the heuristic rules by the experts but the mathematical methods in iterative learning. Proposed system. is based on the piecewise linear classifier and error correction learning method. The segmentation of speech and the classification of phoneme are carried out simutaneously by the PDF. Because each of them operates independently, some speech intervals may have multiple outputs. Therefore, we introduce the unified coefficients by the output unification process. But sometimes the output has a region which shows no response, or insensitive. So we propose time windows and median filters to remove such problems. We have trained this system with the 549 monosyllables uttered 3 times by 3 male speakers. After we detect the endpoint of speech signal using threshold value and zero crossing rate, the vowels and consonants are separated by the PDF, and then selected phoneme passes through the following PDF. Finally this system unifies the outputs for competitive region or insensitive area using time window and median filter.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.206-213
• /
• 2009

Background: Previous series have suggested that younger patients with primary lung cancer exhibit a more aggressive disease course with a worse prognosis, as compared to older patients, although this issue is still debatable. Material and Method: We reviewed the medical records of 79 patients (32 patients 50 years and younger (Group I) and 47 patients 70 years and older (Group II)) who underwent curative resection for primary lung cancer between July 2000 and June 2008. Result: The median age of the patients was 46.5 years in Group I and this was 73 years in Group II. The older patients were more likely to have major comorbidities (44% versus 77%, respectively; p=0.003). Histological examinations identified that the minor histological types (excluding non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)) were predominantly found in the Group I patients (16% versus 2%, respectively; p=0.037). For the TNM staging of the NSCLC, with excluding the minor histologic types, a higher proportion of patients had stage III disease in Group I (33% versus 13%, respectively; p=0.038). There was no significant difference in major morbidity (16% versus 30%, respectively; p=0.148) and operative mortality (0% versus 4.3%; p=0.512) between the groups. The mean follow-up interval was 33 months (range: $1{\sim}98$ months) for patients in both groups. For the patients with NSCLC, the five-year overall survival rate was 52.3% for Group I and 53.7% for Group II (p=0.955). The rate of freedom from recurrence at five years was significantly lower for the Group I patients than for the Group II patients (39.4% versus 70.4%, respectively; p=0.027), and only being a member of Group I impacted recurrence, based on the Cox proportional hazard analysis (p=0.034). Of the patients who had recurrence, four patients in Group I underwent aggressive surgical treatment. All of these patients exhibited long-term survival (range: $46{\sim}87$ months). Conclusion: In our study, the early outcome and long-term survival were similar for the younger and older patients after curative resection of primary lung cancer. However, we think that younger patients require meticulous follow-up as they had a tendency to proceed to surgery with advanced stage disease, a higher recurrence rate than did the older patients and the survival rates were improved, even for the recurred cases, with early aggressive treatment.