• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.237-243
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• 2006

The aims of this study was to investigate the clinical and radiographic features of temporomandibular dysfunction in the patients with RA to elucidate whether the RA patients would be a risk group for TMD. The 35 patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction were included for this study, of which 15 had rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed by a rheumatologist, and other 20 was control group and they didn't have any history or clinical signs related to it. Clinical symptoms and signs of temporomandibular joint disorders, radiographic and MRI findings of temporomandibular joint were investigated. The results were compared between two groups. In RA group bilateral pain, morning stiffness, reduced opening range, and crepitations were more frequently reported than control group. Radiologic findings such as sclerosis and flattening of condylar head, marginal proliferation, and erosion of glenoid fossa were more frequently observed in RA group than control group. Disk destruction, cortical bone erosion, and intraarticular enhancement were more prominenet in RA group. From theses results, it can be concluded that many RA patients will develop TMD symptoms and the structural changes of TMJ is more extensive than the usual TMD cases.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.210-222
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• 2009

Lightning data, observed from total lightning detection system (TLDS) of KMA, for the recent five years (2002-2006) have been analyzed for temporal and spatial characteristics of frequency, intensity, duration, and flash rate. Lightning frequency varies largely with years (most frequent in 2006) and the lightning during the summer accounts for 75% of total flashes and only 0.6% of lightnings strike in cold season. In rainy season (JJAS), the ratio of positive flashes to negative ones is as low as 0.15, but it increases up to 0.98 in February. The seasonal variation of lightning duration is strongly linked with lightning occurrences, whereas flashes rates show weak seasonal variability. In a daily scale, lightning, on average, occurs more often at dawn (2 am, 5-7 am) and in the mid-afternoon (15 pm), and the lightning at dawn (around 5 am) is most intense during the day. The western inland areas md the West/South Sea show high lightning density during JJAS, whereas eastern part and the East Sea exhibit a low density of lightning. Considering the low ratio of positive flashes (0.15) for the whole analysis domain during summer period, Chungnam and Jeonbuk areas have a high ratio of flashes over 0.4. However, these should be analyzed with much caution because weak positive cloud-to-cloud discharges can be regarded as cloud-to-ground flashes. The western inland also exhibits long annual flash hours (15-24). And the W3st Sea has high flash rates as a result of large density and low flash hours. The most frequent time of lightning occurrence over most inland areas lies between mid-afternoon and early-evening, whereas mountainous and coastal areas, and the northern Kyoungki and Hwanghae provinces show the maximum lightning strikes in the morning and at dawn, respectively.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.12
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• pp.1540-1545
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• 2002

Purpose : Vesicoureteral reflux(VUR) is defined as a retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into the upper urinary tract. It has been shown to predispose patients to hypertension, renal scarring, and end-stage renal failure if not recognized and treated. The observation that VUR occurs in siblings of children with reflux at a significantly higher rate than the general pediatric population has been recognized for many years and VUR was detected in 26% to 51% of siblings of patients with VUR. The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence of VUR in asymptomatic siblings of children with VUR and to see if this form of screening would be practical. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the records of 28 patients with VUR and their siblings. The total number of asymptomatic siblings investigating VUR were 28 persons. All patients and siblings were evaluated for VUR by a voiding cystourethrography and all patients and siblings with VUR were performed $^{99m}Tc$ 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scan. Results : A total of 28 patients(14 boys, 14 girls) with VUR were studied; the mean patient age was 2.7 years(range 1 month to 8.4 years). The total number of asymptomatic siblings investigating VUR were 28 persons(17 boys, 11 girls) and the mean age was 3.3 years(range 2 months to 7.4 years). Renal scar was detected in 20 of 28(71.4%) patients with VUR. VUR was noted in three of 28(10.7%) siblings and renal scar was detected in one of three siblings with VUR. Conclusion : In this study, the predictive value of a positive family history alone in identifying VUR was 10.7%. This incidence suggests more investigation of asymptomatic siblings and continued study of this group of patients at risk is needed for clarifying the family screening of patients with VUR.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 1993

We evaluated frequency and types of chromosomal aberrations by ionizing radiation in cancer patients treated with radiotherapy in our institution. Twenty-five patients with various types of carcinomas such as lung, uterine cervix, esophagus, rectum, head and neck and pancreatic cancers were studied immediately before and after external beam radiotherapy. The frequency of aberrant metaphase prior to treatment was $4.93{\%}$, which was higher than that of control group. Especially in lung cancer, the freuqency of aberrant metaphase was three times higher than control group. A comparison of chromosomal abnormalities observed before and after radiotherapy demonstrated that proportion of aberrant rnetaphases was significantly inreased to $22.13{\%}$. Major chromosomal aberrations like structural abnormalities showed remarkalbe increase from 65.45 to $88.45{\%}$ after the treatment. Also the numbers of chromosomal alterations per cell were increased by a factor of 6.5. Aberrations with two or more break points were more prominently increased, compared with aberrations with single break point. The number of chromosomal break points was noted to be higher than expected value in No.1, 3, 8 and 11 chromosomes and lower in No.13, 15, 17 and 21 chromosomes. Based on this study, we believe that the distribution of chromosomal breakage is related with gene and chromosomal rearrangement which could result in the development of cancers.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.512-512
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• 2022

국내 수자원 시스템은 이수 관련 기준과 이를 평가할 수 있는 지표 및 방법, 지침이 미흡한 실정으로 관련 시설물의 안정성과 형평성에 대한 문제가 제기되어 왔다. 농업용 저수지의 경우 한발 시 관개용수를 공급할 수 있는 내한능력, 기존 설계기준에 의한 물수지법에 따른 저수지의 설계한발빈도를 대체 사용하여 이수안전도를 산정하고 있으며, 설계한발빈도인 10년 한발빈도는 10년에 1회 정도의 갈수를 기준으로 한다. 농업용 저수지의 축조년도는 1940-1970년대로 약 86%가 축조된 지 50년 이상 경과하였고, 대부분 설계 한발빈도가 10년 이하로 축조되었으나 최근 발생하고 있는 기후변화, 용수관리 환경 변화, 수요량의 변화, 설계한발빈도 변화 등으로 현시점의 이수안전도 파악이 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 국가물관리기본계획에서 준용하고 있는 신뢰도 관련 이수안전도 기준인 이수안전율과 공급신뢰율을 활용하여 농업용 저수지의 이수안전도를 산정하고 기존 농업용 저수지의 이수안전도 기준인 10년 한발빈도와 비교함으로써, 농업용 저수지 이수안전도 산정기준의 적정성을 평가하고자 한다. 신뢰도 기준은 장기간 계획기간 동안 저수지의 용수부족이 얼마나 발생하는가에 대한 평가 방법으로 이수안전율은 최대 부족량과 수요량으로 산정가능한 양적기준 신뢰도이며, 공급신뢰율은 물공급부족기간으로 산정가능한 시간기준 신뢰도이다. 신뢰도 기준에 의한 방법은 저수지 모의 운영을 통한 물수지 분석을 실시하여 산정이 가능하며, 물수지 분석을 위해 한국농어촌공사에서 개발한 수리수문설계시스템 (K-HAS, Hydraulics & Hydrology Analysis System)을 사용하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 농업용 저수지의 이수관리 계획 수립 및 내한능력 평가 등 국가수자원정책의 지표로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.278-284
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• 2014

Water temperature due to climate change can be estimated using the air temperature because the air and water temperatures are closely related and the water temperatures have been widely used as the indicators of the environmental and ecological changes. It is highly necessary to estimate the frequency distribution of the air and water temperatures, for the climate change derives the change of the coastal water temperatures. In this study, the distribution function of the air temperatures is estimated by using the long-term coastal air temperature data sets in Korea. The candidate distribution function is the bi-modal distribution function used in the previous studies, such as Cho et al.(2003) on tidal elevation data and Jeong et al.(2013) on the coastal water temperature data. The parameters of the function are optimally estimated based on the least square method. It shows that the optimal parameters are highly correlated to the basic statistical informations, such as mean, standard deviation, and skewness coefficient. The RMS error of the parameter estimation using statistical information ranges is about 5 %. In addition, the bimodal distribution fits good to the overall frequency pattern of the air temperature. However, it can be regarded as the limitations that the distribution shows some mismatch with the rapid decreasing pattern in the high-temperature region and the some small peaks.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.791-803
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• 2016

Recently, frequency of extreme rainfall events in South Korea has been substantially increased due to the enhanced climate variability. Korea is prone to flooding due to being surrounded by mountains, along with high rainfall intensity during a short period. In the past three decades, an increase in the frequency of heavy rainfall events has been observed due to enhanced climate variability and climate change. This study aimed to analyze extreme rainfalls informed by their frequency of occurrences using a long-term rainfall data. In this respect, we developed a Poisson-Generalized Pareto Distribution (Poisson-GPD) based rainfall frequency method which allows us to simultaneously explore changes in the amount and exceedance probability of the extreme rainfall events defined by different thresholds. Additionally, this study utilized a Bayesian approach to better estimate both parameters and their uncertainties. We also investigated the synoptic patterns associated with the extreme events considered in this study. The results showed that the Poisson-GPD based design rainfalls were rather larger than those of based on the Gumbel distribution. It seems that the Poisson-GPD model offers a more reasonable explanation in the context of flood safety issue, by explicitly considering the changes in the frequency. Also, this study confirmed that low and high pressure system in the East China Sea and the central North Pacific, respectively, plays crucial roles in the development of the extreme rainfall in South Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.41 no.5 s.116
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• pp.527-544
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• 2006

This study provides a definition of heat waves, which indicate the conditions of strong sultriness in summer, appropriate to Korea and intends to clarify long term(1973-2006) averaged spatial and temporal patterns of annual frequency of heat waves with respect to their intensity. Based on examination of the Korean mortality rate changes due to increase of apparent temperature under hot and humid summer conditions, three consecutive days with at least $32.5^{\circ}C,\;35.5^{\circ}C,\;38.5^{\circ}C,\;and\;41.5^{\circ}C$ of daily maximum Heat Index are defined as the Hot Spell(HS), the Heat Wave(HW), the Strong Heat Wave(SHW), and the Extreme Heat Wave(EHW), respectively. The annual frequency of all categories of heat waves is relatively low in high-elevated regions or on islands adjacent to seas. In contrast, the maximum annual frequency of heat waves during the study period as well as annual average frequency are highest in interior, low-elevated regions along major rivers in South Korea, particularly during the Changma Break period(between late July and mid-August). There is no obvious increasing or decreasing trend in the annual total frequency of all categories of heat waves for the study period However, the maximum annual frequencies of HS days at each weather station were recorded mainly in the 1970s, while most of maximum frequency records of both the HW and the SHW at individual weather stations were observed in the 1990s. It is also revealed that when heat waves occur in South Korea high humidity as well as high temperature contributes to increasing the heat wave intensity by $4.3-9.5^{\circ}C$. These results provide a useful basis to help develop a heat wave warning system appropriate to Korea.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.841-851
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• 2019

This study presents risk ranking by accident types at intersections, crosswalk and tunnel sections. An ordered logit model was used to estimate the accident severity of traffic accidents based on 58,868 accident records that have occurred on the Seoul and Gyeonggi-do over the period 2014-2017. The factors affecting the injury severity were identified by the estimated model first, and risk ranking was proposed according to conditions of accident occurrence using relative ratio analysis later. The analysis results showed that the injury severity dramatically depends on the location and time of the accident. The analysis results showed that the injury severity dramatically depends on the location and time of the accident. Furthermore, there are severe injury cases in terms of the injury severity despite the small number of occurrence of traffic accident, or there are severe injury cases in terms of the injury severity despite the high frequency of occurrence of traffic accident.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.228-236
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• 2011

배경: 약물로 인한 Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD)는 널리 알려져 있으며 우리나라에서 항생제와 프로톤 펌프 억제제 소모량을 고려할 때 질환 치료과정에서의 CDAD 발생빈도 및 CDAD 유발 이전에 투여한 약물의 사용빈도와 CDAD의 치료방법을 조사할 필요성이 있다. 방법: 경상대학교 병원에서 2011년 1월부터 6월까지의 입원환자를 대상으로 대변 독소 검사에 의해 CDAD로 판명된 환자의 성별, 연령분포, 질환명, 입원병동, 재발률을 조사하였으며 CDAD 판명이전에 투여한 약제 및 CDAD 판명후 치료약제를 조사하였다. 결과: 연구기간 동안 CDAD 대변 독소 검사 의뢰된 환자수는 1,500명이었으며 CDAD 양성은 111명(9.3%)이었고, 재발은 29명(26.1%)이었다. CDAD를 주소로 입원한 환자는 17명 (15.3%)이었고, 나머지는 입원기간 중에 발생하였다. CDAD 양성인 환자의 연령대는 60대에서 32.4% (36/111명) 이었고, 내과병동에서 34.2%를 나타내었고, 재발률은 외과계 병동에서 41.4%로 가장 높게 나타났다. CDAD 환자의 17% (19/111명)은 항암제 투여 동안 발생하였으며 CDAD 발생 전 사용약물로는 세팔로스포린계 항생제가 162회로 가장 빈번하게 사용 되었으며, 히스타민2 수용체길항제 107회, 스테로이드 82회, 비 스테로이드 항염제 79회, 프로톤 펌프 억제제 77회, 하제 59회, 항암제가 33회 처방되었다. CDAD 치료약제로는 8종의 약제가 241회 처방 되었으며 metronidazole이 99회로 가장 빈번하게 사용되었고, vancomycin이 37회로 나타났다. 결론: 입원환자에 있어서 CDAD양성은 특히 고령의 암환자가 많아 항암제 투여 시에는 CDAD 발생에 주의해야 할것으로 보인다. CDAD의 치료약제로는 metronidazole이 vancomycin 보다 많이 사용되는 것으로 나타났다.