• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.309-318
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of foot mats on reducing levels of fatigue, discomfort, lower extremity edema and skin temperature in scrub nurses during surgery. Methods: This study employed one group repeated measures design in which 16 scrub nurses (ages 22-38) stood on steel footstools (SF) during scrub as the conventional test and stood on SF with foot mats as the experimental test. Levels of fatigue, discomfort, lower extremity edema and skin temperature were measured before the first surgical hand scrub and right after the first surgery of the day for 3 consecutive days in both tests. Results: The changes in levels of fatigue and discomfort were significantly different between tests (p<.001~.033). Edema, determined by the differences in circumferences of the ankles and calves before and after the surgery was also significantly different between groups (p=.001~.011). However, the change in skin temperature on the foot tops of both feet was not different between tests (p=.351~.467). Conclusion: The results of this study show that using foot mats on top of the steel footstool is effective in reducing the levels of fatigue, discomfort and lower extremity edema in scrub nurses during surgery.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.25-32
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• 2019

According to a recent KOFICE survey, K-Pop's popularity factor is divided into visual and auditory elements, and the importance of hearing elements is found. Among the various types of singers, idol groups led K-Pop and Black Pink, which topped the list of favorite K-Pop singers in 2018, was selected as the study target. In addition, Twice's music, which is similar to Black Pink's period of activity, has been set as a comparative research scope. The common features in the music of the two groups are the chorus and rhythm structure implemented around melody and Harmony rhythm, and the frequency of use of Major and Minor is greatly different. Through this method and modal interchange, K-Pop from 2016 to 2018 is analyzed. Research shows that first, more than one mode is used as a main melody. When more than one mode is used, different lines in the same line will vary depending on the functional form of the song. Second, the rhythm of the melody expressed with vocals and instruments is repeated based on a two-bar pattern. Finally, when using less chord and slowly expressing the igneous rhythms, there is a way to omit or modify the third notes that determine chord characteristics. Through this study, we can see that the usage patterns of the mode and modal interchange are divided according to the major and minor.