• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.51 no.2
• /
• pp.115-124
• /
• 2007

A series of α, β-unsaturated ketones are synthesized by Crossed - Aldol condensation reaction, from ecofriendly 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl ketones and substituted benzaldehydes under solvent free conditions using silica-sulfuric acid as a catalytic reagent. The yields of ketones are more than 90% and the catalyst was reusable for further run. There is no appreciable decrease in the yield of product and the activity of catalyst. These chalcones were characterized by their physical constants and spectral data (IR, 1H-, 13C-NMR and Mass). These spectral data are subjected to correlate various Hammett substituent constants with single and multiparameter correlation equations. From the results of statistical analysis the influence of electronic effects of substituents on the spectral data of the ketones were explained.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 1998.10a
• /
• pp.62-64
• /
• 1998

본 논문에서는 경성 실기간 시스템에서 발생하는 이벤트들을 효과적으로나타낼 수 있는 개선된 Statecharts 모델링 기법과 Statecharts에 Priority를 나타내는 방법을 제안한다. 일반적인 모델링 기법들은 데이터의 흐름이나 시스템의 분석에는 적합하게 사용된다. 그러나 임의적을 발생하는 이벤트에 대한 즉각적인 반응을 표현하기 어려운 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 모델링 기법들의 단점을 보완하고 Statecharts라는 모델링 기법의 장점들을 혼합하여 경성 실시간 시스템에 가장 적합한 개선된 Statecharts를 제안한다. 그리고 Statecharts 모델링 기법의 구조적인 특성에 맞는 새로운 방법의 Priority표현법을 제안한다.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.413-420
• /
• 2017

The batch experiments and response surface methodology (RSM) have been applied to the investigation of the Cs adsorption with zeolite X synthesized using coal fly ash generated from the thermal power plant. Regression equation formulated for Cs adsorption was represented as a function of response variables. The model was highly relevant because the decision coefficient ($r^2$) was 0.9630. It was confirmed from the statistical results that the removal efficiency of Cs was affected by the order of experimental factors as pH > Cs concentration > temperature. The adsorption kinetics were more accurately represented by a pseudo second-order model. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated from the Langmuir isotherm model was $151.52mg\;g^{-1}$ at 293 K. Also, according to the thermodynamic parameters calculated from Vant Hoff equation, it could be confirmed that the adsorption reaction was an endothermic reaction and a spontaneous process.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.788-795
• /
• 1996

In this paper, and optimum profile of a cam being used in a VTR Deck mechanism is designed by the response surface analysis. The objective function of the design is to reduce driving torque of the pinch roller system that is used to compress video tape to the capstan motor axia. The pinch roller system that will be designed is modeled using the general purpopse mechanism analysis program DADS. The computer model is compared with the physical system for reliability. A model function to represent relationship between design variables and the objective function is estimated by the response surface analysis. Once the model function is reliably estimated the optimal design is carried out using the model function and each design variable's boundaries. To verify improvement of the pinch roller system, a prototype for the pinch rooler system is made and tested. From the test result, an optimum cam profile to resuce driving torque of the pinch roller system is verified.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.158-163
• /
• 2021

The frequency-domain induced polarization (IP) response based on Cole-Cole model is expressed as a simple equation in close form. However, it is difficult to compute the time-domain IP response based on Cole-Cole model or any other relaxation model because it cannot be written in closed form. In this study, using numerical experiments, we compared three numerical methods for calculating the time-domain IP response of the Cole-Cole model asymptotically: series expansion, digital linear filtering and Fourier transform. The series expansion method is inadequately accurate for certain time values and converges very slowly. A digital linear filter specially designed to calculate the time-domain IP response does not present the desired accuracy, especially at later times. The Fourier transform method can overcome the abovementioned problems and present the time-domain IP response with adequate accuracy for all time values, even though more computing time is required.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.313-333
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine self esteem and reactions on LMT projective technique to a group of scientifically gifted high school students and general high school students. For that purpose, 113 participants from scientifically gifted high school and general high school were asked to fill out self esteem questionnaire and draw a LMT. The results were analyzed by using SPSS.PASW18. The results are as follows: First, overall self esteem of gifted students were higher than general students. Second, reactions on LMT of gifted students and general students were examined. As a result, there were statistically significant differences in four items; integration of landscape composition, expression of distance and space, number of additional items, existence of doors and windows. The result of this study showed significant differences between the two groups in self esteem and LMT scores.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.41 no.5
• /
• pp.435-442
• /
• 2017

A catadioptric optical system produces images by refraction and reflection. To improve the image quality, the shape of the secondary mirror supporters should be determined to ensure that the centering error and tilt of secondary mirror are very small, and the main mirror receives the maximum amount of light. Furthermore, random acceleration vibration has a severe effect on the optical system for observation reconnaissance. In order to obtain the best design under these circumstances, the volume of the secondary mirror supporter must be minimized while satisfying the constraints expressed in standard deviations of the centering error and tilt. It is difficult to analytically calculate the design sensitivities of the standard deviations, because they are statistically defined. Hence, after their second-order regression equations were determined using a response surface methodology, an optimal geometric design was obtained. As a result, it was found that the method proposed in this paper, which included a random vibration analysis, was effective in obtaining the optimal design for a secondary mirror supporter with robustness.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.14-19
• /
• 1984

종래에 많이 사용된 각양의 계측 방법을 일일이 설명하는 것은 본 해설의 목적이 아니기 때문에 개략적으로 분류하여 설명하면 다음과 같다. 1) 시간 평균유속은 주로 프로브(probe)를 경유하여 동압과 정압의 측정에 의하여 수행되어 왔다. 연소반응이 있으면 밀도의 변화가 있게 되는데 밀도는 후술하는 농도의 계측과 온도의 계측에 의하여 정해져 동압과 정압으로부터 유속으로 변환된다. 시간분해능이 높은 비접촉식(직접 프 로브를 측정부에 삽입하지 않는 방법) 유속측정이 가능한 방법으로는 레이저 도플러 유속계 (Laser Doppler Velocimetry, 이하 LDV로 표현)를 들 수 있다. LDV는 압력측정에 의한 유속 산출법에서와 같은 온도 및 농도 등의 부수적인 계측이 필요없이, 직접 유속을 검출할 수 있으며 또한 검정이 필요없는 절대유속 측정이 가능하며 현재 연소반응이 있는 흐름에 대한 대부분의 연구에 적용되고 있는 실정이다. 2) 시간평균 화학종 농도측정에 가장 많이 쓰이는 방법은, 연소가스를 채취하여 가스 크로마토 그라프(Gas Chromatograph)로 분석하는 것을 들 수 있다. 한편, 시간 분해능이 높은 화학종 농 도의 계측은 레이저를 사용하여 각 화학종의 발광, 산란 및 흡수성을 이용, 측정한다. 3) 온도측정은 대부분 열전대를 사용하고 있다. 그러나 이 방법은 직접 프로브를 삽입해야 하므로 사용한계의 범위가 지극히 좁으며, 연소반응이 일어나므로 프로브 자체의 촉매반응 및 복사 열전달에 의한 보정 등이 사용상 큰 문제로 제기된다. 그러나 최근 레이저 이용기술의 발달로 (2)항에서의 농도 계측과 같이 반응기체의 온도 및 성분의 동시측정이 가능한 방법도 점차 현 실화 되어가고 있다. 그 대표적인 예로 CARS법(Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy)을 들 수 있다. 이상으로부터 연소반응이 일어나는 흐름에서의 각종 계측에서는, 비접촉 측정의 가능성과 시간 공간 분해능의 특징으로 미루어 앞으로는 레이저를 이용한 계측 방법이 그 주류를 이룰 것으로 사료된다. 우선 본 해설은 기체의 온도 및 농도의 광학적 측정방법중 Raman산란광 검출법에 대하여 실제로 측정하는 입장에서 간단히 소개한다.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.517-525
• /
• 2000

실험은 과학적 사실을 규명하기 위한 적극적인 수단이다. 실험이란 문자 그대로 검정 (test)을 의미하는데 좀 더 공식적으로 표현하자면 '연구자가 어떤 체계(system) 혹은 과정 (process)속으로 의도하는 변화를 투입 변수 (input variable)로 넣었을 때 그 결과로 얻게되는 반응에서 어떠한 변화가 초래되었는지 그 원인을 찾아내는 일련의 검정(series of tests)'이라고 정의할 수 있다. 넓은 의미에서 볼 때 실험의 형태는 발생조사(outbreak investigation)와 같이 현장 (fidld)에서 진행되는 관찰연구 (observational study)와 실험실 연구로 대별된다. 어떠한 연구형태이든 실험의 객관성을 달성하기 위해서는 연구의 목적에 합당한 실험계획을 작성하는 것이 필수적이다. 아무리 완벽하게 실험을 수행했다고 하더라도 실험계획에서 심각한 문제가 있다면 그 결과에 대해서는 신뢰성을 부여할 수 없기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 실험을 계획할 때 적용되는 원리와 분산분석에서의 다중비교 및 의학연구에서 활용빈도가 높은 교차계획법 (crossover design)에 대하여 소개하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.12 no.10
• /
• pp.57-62
• /
• 2011

This study investigated the effects of various inorganic anions($Cl^-$, $NO_3{^-}$, $HCO_3{^-}$) on the Methyl tert Butyl Ether(MTBE) degradation by photocatalysis using statistical method. Generally, this process in general demands the generation of hydroxyl radicals(OH radical) in solution in the presence of UV light. The generation of radicals were affected by inorganic anions in solution that inhibited the photodegradation by their trapping hydroxyl radicals. The effects of inorganic anions were mathematically described as the independent variables such as $Cl^-$, $NO_3{^-}$, and $HCO_3{^-}$, and these were designed by mixture analysis that was one of the response surface methodology(RSM). Regression analysis on ANOVA showed significant p-value(p<0.0001) and high coefficients for determination value($R^2$=99.28%, ${R^2}_{adj}$=98.91%). Contour and response surface plots showed that the effects of inorganic anions for MTBE photodegradation based on $UV/H_2O_2$ process. In the result, $Cl^-$ and $HCO_3{^-}$ inhibited the photodegradation of the MTBE by their trapping hydroxyl radicals, and the interaction by these two factors was observed.