• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.6
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• pp.377-386
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• 2005

This study was carried out to analyse the landslide characteristics by ground investigation, borehole image processing system, field seismic test, laboratory test and ground stability analysis at the landsliding area occurred in Maeri, Sangdong-myeon, Gimhaesi, Gyeongsangnam-do. Region I needs to install data logger system to monitor a land displacement during the heavy rainfall events because the region can be liable to occur the land slide by land creeping. It is needed to restore rapidly, if the land displacement occurs in Region I. Region II needs to monitor and repair because of the possibility of slope failure by long-term soil loss. Region III needs constructions to remove ground runoff and ground water to be infiltrated from talus. Region IV where is a stable region, needs to be protected from land cutting or other man-made damage.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.2628-2635
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• 2010

This paper analyzes the detection probability of FMCW (Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave) radar based on Doppler frequency and analog-digital converter bit and designs and implements signal processing part of FMCW radar. For performance evaluation, the FMCW radar system consists of a transmitted part and a received part and uses AWGN channel. The system model is verified through analysis and simulation. Frequency offset occurs in the received part caused by the mismatching between the received signal and the reference signal. In case of Doppler frequency less than about 38KHz, performance degradation of detection does not occur in FMCW radar with 75cm resolution The analog-digital converter needs at least 6 bit in order not to degrade the detection probability. And, we design and implement digital signal processing part based on DDS chip of digital transmitted signal generator for FMCW radar.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1145-1148
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• 2005

In this paper, we introduce a probabilistic model based on Bayesian networks (BNs) for inferring human fatigue by integrating information from various visual cues and certain relevant contextual information. Visual parameters, typically characterizing the cognitive states of a person including parameters related to eyelid movement, gaze, head movement, and facial expression, serve as the sensory observations. But, an individual visual cue or contextual Information does not provide enough information to determine human fatigue. Therefore in this paper, a Bayesian network model was developed to fuse as many as possible contextual and visual cue information for monitoring human fatigue. At the experiment results, display the utility of the proposed BNs for predicting and modeling fatigue.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1149-1152
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• 2005

Detecting faces in images with complex backgrounds is a difficult task. Our approach, which obtains state of the art results, is based on a generative neural network model: the Constrained Generative Model (CGM). To detect side view faces and to decrease the number of false alarms, a conditional mixture of networks is used. To decrease the computational time cost, a fast search algorithm is proposed. The level of performance reached, in terms of detection accuracy and processing time, allows to apply this detector to a real word application: the indexation of face images on the Web.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.81-89
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• 2008

Improved EKF suggests variable path prediction to reduce the event traffic caused by the information sharing among multi-users in networked virtual environment. The three dimensional virtual space is maintained consistently by endless status information exchange among dispersed users, and periodic status transmission brings traffic overhead in network. By using the error between the measured movement trace of dynamic information and the EKF predicted, we propose the method applied to predict the mobile packet of dynamic data which is simultaneously changing. And, the simulation results of DIS dead reckoning algorithms and EKF path prediction is compared here. It followed the specific path and while moving, the proposed method which it proposes predicting with DIS dead reckoning algorithm and to compare to the mobile path of the actual object and it got near it predicts the possibility of knowing it was.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.603-607
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• 2004

The vision-based driver fatigue detection is one of the most prospective commercial applications of facial expression recognition technology. The facial feature tracking is the primary technique issue in it. Current facial tracking technology faces three challenges: (1) detection failure of some or all of features due to a variety of lighting conditions and head motions; (2) multiple and non-rigid object tracking and (3) features occlusion when the head is in oblique angles. In this paper, we propose a new active approach. First, the active IR sensor is used to robustly detect pupils under variable lighting conditions. The detected pupils are then used to predict the head motion. Furthermore, face movement is assumed to be locally smooth so that a facial feature can be tracked with a Kalman filter. The simultaneous use of the pupil constraint and the Kalman filtering greatly increases the prediction accuracy for each feature position. Feature detection is accomplished in the Gabor space with respect to the vicinity of predicted location. Local graphs consisting of identified features are extracted and used to capture the spatial relationship among detected features. Finally, a graph-based reliability propagation is proposed to tackle the occlusion problem and verify the tracking results. The experimental results show validity of our active approach to real-life facial tracking under variable lighting conditions, head orientations, and facial expressions.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2019

The rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most economically important crop diseases. In addition, rice-M. oryzae interaction is a classical gene-for-gene host-pathogen system. Race variation in pathogen groups was proposed as the main mechanism for rapid break-down of resistance in newly introduced rice cultivars. These new pathogen race variations may be caused by changes in an avirulence gene, such as (i) point mutations, (ii) insertion of transposons, and (iii) frame shifts. The avirulence gene AVR-Pita1 is representative avirulence gene in which all of these mutations are reported. In this review, we present a useful information for avirulence gene AVR-Pita1 and its homologous genes AVR-Pita2 and AVR-Pita3. We also review examples that cause mutations in these evolutionarily significant genes.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.1_2
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• pp.64-68
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• 1998

In order to identify the characteristics of a Korean isol ate of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus(IHNV), IHNV-PRT, we have cloned and analyzed cDNAs coding for matrix protein M1 and M2 of the IHNV-PRT. The Ml gene contained 693 bp open reading frame and encoded a protein of 230 amino acids with a molecular weight of 25.9 kDa. The M2 gene had 588 bp open reading frame, encoding a protein of 195 amino acids with a molecular weight of 21.9 kDa. On the deduced amino-acid sequences, M1 and M2 of the IHNV-PRT were found to be 92-93% (M1) and 97% (M2) identical to those of foreign isolates of IHNV. These results indicate that M genes of the IHNV are highly conserved among different strains of IHNV.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.219-233
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• 2002

면역억제활성이 알려진 Cerves korean TEMMINCK var. manchur-icus Swinhoe(Nokyong) 약침(CPH)은 다모 뿔의 녹용을 열수추출한 용액이다. 본 연구에서는 녹용 약침의 효과를 adjuvant 유발 관절염 실험용쥐를 이용하여 골체, 골강도 및 골대체율의 감소를 평가하였다. 위의 골 대사 관련 검정실험을 위하여 6주령의 암컷 실험용쥐에 20일간 약물투여를 실시하였다. 실험적인 관절염유발은 실험용쥐의 뒤쪽 다리에 Adjuvant를 주사하여 유발시킨 결과, 요부의 골 무기질함량과 밀도(BMC, BMD) 그리고 압축강도는 관절염 실험용쥐에서 감소되었다. 10일 경과 후 골형성도(BFR/BS, BFR/BV)의 조직형태학적 기준척도인 혈청 osteocalcin 수가 정상대조군과 비교해 볼 때 현저하게 감소되었다. 그러나, 몸무게로 나눈 BMC치는 관절염 유발군과 정상군 사이에 큰 차이가 보이지 않았다. 그리고 골무기질 함량은 정상군에 비해 감소하지 않았다. 20일 경과후 몸무게로 나누거나 나누지 않은 BMC치 모두, 관절염 군에서 요부 몸체의 골무기질 함량과 강도가 정상군과 비교해 볼 때 현저하게 감소되었다. 잔존 소주(小柱)의 무기질 침착 표면은 현저하게 감소하였으며 파골 세포의 수는 증가하였다. 초기부터 매일 Shinsu(B23)에 CPH 약침 투여(10, 20, $50{\mu}g/kg$)는 20일 경과후 만성적인 다리 부종을 현저하게 방지하였으며, 골 무기질함량, 골강도 및 소주골 형성등의 감소와 파골세포수 증가도 완화하였다. Adjuvant주사로 장애를 받았던 연령대비 요부 길이 증가도 유지되었다. 이러한 결과는 Adjuvant에 의한 관절염 실험용쥐의 2차적인 골관절염에서 충분히 요추 몸체뼈와 강도 감소를 나타내기 위해서는 적어도 20일이 필요하다는 것을 제시하였다. 본 결과로부터 CPH가 실험용쥐의 관절염에 대한 골체, 골강도 및 골대체율을 조절하는데 유효하게 작용하고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.161-175
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• 2002

봉독은 거풍습(祛風濕), 지통(止痛), 해경평천(解痙平喘), 소종강압(消腫降壓)의 효능으로 오랫동안 통증과 염증성 질환을 치료하는데 이용되어져 왔는데 최근에는 면역관련질환치료에 응용하여 좋은 결과가 보고되고 있다. 본 연구는 Rheumatoid arthritis와 유사한 형태의 대표적 실험모델로 알려진 실험용 쥐의 Type II collagen 유발 관절염(Type II collagen induced arthritis : CIA)의 활액에서 봉독약침이 단백분해효소와 유리기 손상에 미치는 면역억제효과를 알아보기 위해 실행되었다. 본 실험에서는 CIA가 유발된 실험용 쥐에 봉독약침($5{\mu}l/kg$)을 처리한 실험군과 대조군으로서 CIA 유발 쥐에 생리식염수를 처리한 군(CIA군), 정상적인 쥐에 생리식염수로 처리한 군(정상군)으로 구분하여 각 군들의 일련의 표본에서 세포질, 리소좀, 간질성 단백분해효소의 활성과 유리기로 인한 단백질 손상정도를 (carbonyl 유도체를 측정하여)서로 비교하였다. 그 결과 각 군의 활액표본에서는 많은 종 류의 단백분해효소가 정산군보다 CIA군에서 유의하게 활성이 높았으며, 봉독약침($5{\mu}l/kg$)을 처리한 군에서 효소들의 활성이 유의하게 감소하였다. 그러나 각 군들의 혈장표본에서는 이 효소들의 활성은 서로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이는 혈장속의 면역반응과 연관되리라고 추측되는 단백분해효소들의 활성변화는 병인적 측면에서 RA와 같은 염증성관절 질환과는 큰 상관성이 없다는 것을 의미한다. Carbonyl 유도체 측정으로 평가한 유리기 손상은 활액과 현장표본에서 모두 봉독약침($5{\mu}l/kg$)을 처리한 군에서 유의성 있게 감소하였다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 단백분해효소와 유리기의 활성은 RA의 병인학적 측면에서 모두 잠재적인 중요성을 가지고 있으므로 향후 새로운 RA치료법은 이들 단백분해효소의 활성저해와 유리기의 소거능을 포함해야 한다고 사료되며 봉독약침은 이러한 2가지 효능을 포함한 효과적인 치료라고 평가된다.