• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.653-658
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• 2010

Biodiesel is well known for an eco-friendly alternative fuel for petrodiesel. But biodiesel has a disadvantage since it is derived from expensive food resource. In this study, we synthesized the biodiesel from duck's oil which was food trash via transesterification under base catalyst. After analytic result of density, kinematic viscosity, cold temperature characteristics, lubricity and cetane number which were main fuel characteristics, this duck's biodiesel has enough potential to use as fuel except only domestic winter season.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.105.1-105.1
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• 2010

바이오디젤 보급 활성화에 따른 식물성 원료유의 가격 상승 및 수급 불안정성 문제를 해결하고자 폐유지를 원료로 바이오디젤을 생산하고자 하는 시도가 이루어지고 있다. 폐유지의 사용은 폐자원 활용 측면에서 의미가 있으며 바이오디젤 생산 단가를 낮출 수 있다. 다양한 폐유지가 산업체로부터 배출되며 이 중에서 dark oil은 식용유 공장에서 식물성 원료유의 정제 과정에서 생기는 부산물로 바이오디젤로 전환 가능한 성분을 포함하고 있다. 본 연구에 사용된 dark oil은 54.9%의 유리지방산과 28.0%의 triglyceride, 4.4%의 diglyceride, 그리고 1% 이하의 monoglyceride를 함유하고 있다. Dark oil의 초기 산가는 109.8 mg KOH/g이었다. 본 연구에서는 dark oil의 유지 부분(triglyceride, diglyceride, monoglyceride)을 유리지방산으로 전환시켜 HAAO(high acid acid oil)을 생산한 후, 고체 산 촉매에 의한 에스테르화 반응을 통하여 바이오디젤을 생산하고자 하였다. 유지 부분의 유리지방산 전환 반응을 위하여 음이온성 계면활성제인 SDBS(sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate)가 사용되었다. Dark oil:황산:물의 질량비가 10:2:10이고 SDBS가 오일 대비 3%인 조건에서 dark oil의 산가는 190.8 mg KOH/g까지 증가하였고, dark oil:황산:물의 질량비가 10:4:10이고 SDBS가 2%인 조건에서는 산가가 194.2 mg KOH/g까지 증가하였다. 생산된 HAAO을 이용하여 오일 대비 30%의 Amberlyst-15 촉매 하에서 HAAO:메탄올 몰비 1:9인 조건에서 에스테르화 반응을 수행하였을 경우 FAME(fatty acid methyl ester) 함량은 81.3%까지 증가하였다. 고체 산 촉매로써 Amberlyst-15와 가격 면에서 저렴한 PC101을 비교하였을 경우 FAME 함량은 각각 80.7%, 77.9%로 비슷한 효율을 나타내었다. 생산된 바이오디젤의 FAME 함량을 높이기 위해 증류 공정을 필요로 하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1013-1030
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• 2018

Biodiesel is a fuel produced in the form of a fatty acid methyl ester by using raw materials such as animal fat, vegetable oil and its by-products, and is being seen as a biofuel that can replace petroleum energy. However unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters in biodiesel causes to oxidize during storage and distribution, resulting in poor fuel quality and corrosion of vehicle engine components. In this study, the influence of quality and oxidation characteristics of biodiesel on the oxidation stability is investigated and the evaluation method related it is described. We also propose a method to improve the drawback of oxidation stability in biodiesel.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.92-97
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• 2010

A study is conducted on thermal characteristics of biodiesel which is already being produced in many countries because of its stable supply of energy in non oil-producing countries and economical benefits against increasing oil price, and environment conservation. So biodiesel has been used as important energy source in the fuel fields and a mount of production has increased year by year. Therefore, it is very important to find out the thermal characteristics of biodiesel for ignition temperature, maximum pressure and thermal behavior. The purpose of this study is to compare on thermal characteristics of biodiesel, petroleum diesel and those mixtures. Also, the main study was performed by flash point testers and modified closed type of pressure vessel test (MCPVT). Based on the data of flash point and MCPVT, the ignition temperature and the maximum pressure of biodiesel was $182^{\circ}C$ and 40.1bar, and petroleum diesel was $54^{\circ}C$ and 29.8bar.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2013

In order to judge that non-esterified soybean oil could be used on diesel engine with electronic control of fuel injection system, The test of combustion performance using only gas oil, gas oil blended with esterified bio-diesel oil 5% and non-esterified soybean oil 5% were carried out. It is noticed that most performances of gas oil blended with esterified bio-diesel oil 5% and non-esterified 5% have similar characteristics but non-esterified bio-diesel oil 5% emitted smaller NOx, resulting from fuel NO.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.527-527
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• 2009

1세대 바이오디젤인 fatty acid methyl ester(FAME)의 문제점을 극복하기 위하여 많은 연구가 진행 중 이다. 소위 차세대 바이오디젤은 triglyceride의 산소 화합물을 제거하여 정유 공정을 통해 생산된 디젤과 동일한 특성을 지닌 탄화수소로 전환시킨 오일이다. 이를 위하여 수소를 첨가하여 산소를 제거 시키는 Hydrodeoxygenation(HDO) 반응이 필요하다. 고온($300-400^{\circ}C$), 고압(50-100 bar)의 혹독한 조건에서 높은 수율과 안정성을 보이는 촉매 개발이 필요하다. 이를 위하여 반응물중의 산소를 효과적으로 제거하기 위하여 산소 전달능이 뛰어난 $CeO_2$ 담체에 열안정성을 높이는 $ZrO_2$를 조합한 $Ce-ZrO_2$ 담체를 선정하였으며 수소첨가 탈산소 반응에 활성을 나타낼 것으로 예상되는 니켈을 활성성분으로 선정하였다. 본 연구에서는 15%Ni-$Ce_{(1-x)}Zr_{(x)}O_2$ ($0{\leq}x{\leq}1$)촉매를 공침법(co-precipitation)으로 제조하였으며 $500^{\circ}C$에서 소성하였다. 촉매 특성분석은 XRD, BET, H2-TPR을 이용하였다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.260-262
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• 2008

최근 고유가의 지속과 국제적인 환경 규제에 대응하기 위하여 환경친화적인 대체연료의 개발이 시급한 가운데 재생가능한 동식물성 유지로부터 생산되는 바이오 디젤에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 특히 자원 재활용 및 에너지 생산관점에서 폐유지로부터 바이오디젤 원료로 사용하는 연구가 활발히 진행되어 왔다. 이러한 폐유지로부터 바이오디젤을 효율적으로 생산하기 위해서는 폐유지내 함유되어 있는 유리지방산을 전처리공정에서 산촉매에 의한 에스테르화 반응에 의해 전환제거하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 폐유지내 함유된 유리지방산 전환제거에 효과적인 불균일계 이온교환수지 촉매를 이용하여 공정변수 즉 사용된 촉매의 양, 반응온도, 유리지방산 농도에 따른 유리지방산 전환제거특성을 조사해 보았다. 또한 각각의 반응조건에서 속도상수를 계산하여 이온교환수지 촉매를 사용한 유리지방산 전환 제거에 필요한 활성화 에너지 값을 구하였다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.716-721
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• 2015

As the severity of environmental pollution has increased, restrictions on air pollution have been strengthened. Stringent regulations have been imposed, not only on marine diesel engines but also on automotive and industrial power plants. Thus, biofuels have been directly applied in practical engines and used in training ships for basic research. Even though a high biofuel percentage cannot be used in a training ship engine for safety reasons, because this type of engine is larger than those used in institutional laboratories, the results will provide important basic information that will allow organizations to determine the status of a large output. Biodiesel fuel was studied to determine how it would affect the combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions of a marine diesel generator engine. The main results can be summarized as follows. Because the physical and chemical compositions of biofuels are similar to those of diesel fuel, it was found that their practical use was possible in a training ship. The specific fuel consumption and NOx increased, whereas a tendency was found for carbon monoxide and soot to decrease. In addition, no significant pressure change difference was found between the diesel fuel and biofuels.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.603-608
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• 2012

Recently we have a growing interest in environmental pollution and alternative energy. Diesel engine is generally used to produce the power on shore and sea. However, the combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions of the engine are changed on account of the wear of fuel system and the altered ambient condition of the combustion chamber by the increment of the engine operation hour. Therefore the combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions on the fuel injection timing were experimentally investigated to find out the optimum fuel injection timing in case of the about 20 years used diesel engine using biodiesel blend oil. The original fuel injection timing of the engine is BTDC $22^{\circ}$ CA. However, it is found that the optimum fuel injection as a result of analyzing the specific oil consumption and exhaust emissions of 20 years used the engine is BTDC $26^{\circ}$ CA.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.29-34
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• 2009

Recently, we have a lot interest in a sudden rise of oil prices and a change weather for the earth warmming, so, development of new alternative fuels need in order to spare fossil fuel and reduce exhaust emissions for air pollution prevention. Biodiesel, which can be generated from natural renewable sources such as new or used vegetable oils or animal fats, may be used as fuel in diesel engine of compression ignition engine. In this paper, the combustion characteristics between neat diesel oil and biodiesel blends(10 vol.% biodiesel and 20 vol.% biodiesel) were tested using four stroke, direct injection diesel engine, especially this biodiesel was produced from soybean oil at our laboratory. This analysis showed that cylinder pressures, the rate of pressure rises and the rate of heat releases were decreased as the blending ratios of biodiesel to diesel oil increased because of lower heating value of biodiesel in spite of increased oxygen content in biodiesel.