• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.393-401
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• 2015

The characteristics of diesel and biodiesel are similar like as cetane number and auto-ignition temperature. High cetane number of diesel and BD could make possible to compression ignition. but BD showed different atomization from diesel due to component like density, viscosity and iodine value etc. Because of this, the biodiesel requires validation. This study using diesel and BD20 investigated effect to durability injector. Durability test were used common rail and bosch solenoid type 5-hole injector. Total test was 672hr but actual running time was 200hr. Spray experiments for spray characteristics were carried out using constant volume combustion chamber. Spray characteristics of diesel and BD showed different result up to durability test time. After 100hr, diesel showed spray shapes were stable but BD was not. After 200hr, difference of diesel and BD spray shapes were grow serious.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.18-28
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• 2007

Three diesel engines were fueled with BDF 20, a blend of 80% diesel fuel and 20% biodiesel fuel by volume, and run in excess of 200 h to evaluate their combustion characteristics and durability. The engines used for this study were a 4-cylinder 2476-cc displacement IDI diesel engine(Engine 1), a 4-cylinder l732-cc displacement IDI diesel engine(Engine 2), and a single cylinder 673-cc displacement DI diesel engine(Engine 3). Engine dynamometer testing was performed on each engine at regularly scheduled intervals to monitor the performance and exhaust emissions, which were sampled at 1h intervals for analysis, The peak combustion pressure with BDF 20 increased in Engines 1 and 3 over that measured when burning pure diesel fuel, but that in Engine 2 remained constant. Combustion parameters, such as the maximum combustion pressure and corresponding crank angle, did not change over the long-term dynamometer testing. The BSFC with BDF 20 in Engine 1 was less than that measured with pure diesel fuel. The amount of smoke produced with BDF 20 was less for all engines ; the greatest reduction was observed for Engine 3. The NOx emissions were lower in the IDI engines than the DI engine. The traditional trade-off between smoke and NOx emissions was maintained for BDF 20 fuel for Engines 1 and 3. There was not a big difference in the $CO_2\;and\;O_2$ emissions for BDF 20, as compared to pure diesel fuel, but more $CO_2$ was exhausted by Engine 1 than by Engines 2 or 3 and less $O_2$ was exhausted by Engine 1 than by Engines 2 or 3. The engine parts remained clean, except for some carbon attached to the area surrounding the nozzle hole of the DI diesel engine.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.146-151
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• 2004

The characteristics of combustion and emission of biodiesel fuel were investigated in a single cylinder DI diesel engine equipped with a common rail injection system. For investigating the effect of bio diesels, the experiments were conducted at various mixing ratio and engine operation conditions. Experimental results show that combustion pressure increased with the increase of mixing ratio and injection pressure. The HC and CO emissions are decreased and NOx emission is increased as the mixing ratio of biodiesels increases at 100MPa injection pressure. However the results of the emissions are shown the contrary to the results at 50MPa of injection pressure due to larger droplets of biodiesel sprays.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.111-118
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• 2020

This paper describes the effect of DME, biodiesel blended fuels on the macroscopic spray characteristics in a high pressure diesel injection system using Background Oriented Schlieren (BOS) method. The BOS method for visualization of impingement evaporation sprays to analyze macroscopic spray properties and evolutionary processes. In this work, the blending ratio of DME in the blended fuel are 0, 50, 100% by weight ratio. In order to investigate the macroscopic impinged spray characteristics under the various injection parameters and blending ratio. In this work, a mini-sac type single-hole nozzle injector with nozzle hole was length 0.7 mm and diameter of 0.3 mm was used. According to the result, the spray area of the collision wall increased as the DME mixing ratio increased, and the evolutionary pattern showed a stepwise increase due to the collision effect of the wall. Also, results of impinged spray area were increased according to increasing injection pressure.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.11-17
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• 2013

Esterified bio-diesel oil is normally used as blend oil of 3% that and 97% diesel fuel in Korea. Since specifics of it is similar to that of diesel fuel, availability of non-esterified bio-diesel oil that has a lower expenses of manufacturing is worthy of attention. However, bio-diesel oil has a demerit which it emits typically more NOx emission than diesel fuel. In this study, characteristic tests using blending oil with 95% gas oil and 5% bio-diesel oil were achieved at lower common rail pressure in order to improve this demerit. It was noticed that non-esterified bio-diesel oil has more similar characteristics to diesel fuel than esterified bio-diesel oil and it emits more NO emission by fuel NO mechanism.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.313-316
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• 2012

In this study, the combustion and emission characteristics of waste cooking oil biodiesel was investigated. The fuel was injected from 5 CAD (Crank angle degree) ATDC (After top dead center) to -60 CAD ATDC by 5 CAD with 800 bar and 1600 bar injection pressure. Generally, the hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and smoke emissions from biodiesel fuel were lower than the emission levels of diesel fuel. However, the emission characteristic of biodiesel got worse than diesel when the fuel was injected earlier than -30 CAD ATDC. $NO_x$ emission from biodeisel was higher than diesel fuel in all experimental conditions.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2007

This paper is to investigate the characteristics of exhaust emissions and nano-particle emission from diesel passenger vehicle according to using biodiesel fuel as an alternative fuel. In this work, the particulate matters (PM) of exhaust emissions in diesel engine were investigated by number of particles and mass measurement. The mass of the total PM was measured using the standard gravimetric measurement method, the total number concentrations were measured on a ECE15+EUDC driving cycle using Condensation Particle Counter (CPC). Total PM emission was reduced $2{\sim}38%$ and number concentration was reduced $1{\sim}27%$ according to increasing blended ratio of biodiesel with diesel fuel. Total PM emission was reduced more than particle number emission because volatile particles were measured in total PM but were not measured in particle number emissions.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.355-362
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• 2009

Fuels based on petroleum will eventually run out in the near future. DME (Di-methyl Ether) is a clean energy source that can be manufactured from various raw materials such as natural gas, coal as well as biomass. As DME has no carbon-carbon bond in its molecular structure and is an oxygenate fuel, its combustion essentially generates no soot as well as no SOx. Because the physical properties of DME are similar to those of LPG, the LPG distribution infrastructure can be converted to use with DME. DME has such high cetane number of 55~60 that it can be used as a diesel engine fuel. Practical use of DME as a next-generation clean fuel or next-generation chemical feedstock is advancing in the fields of power generation, diesel engines, household use, and fuel cells, among others. The purpose of this paper is review the characteristics, standardization, status of research and development in domestic and foreign countries of DME.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.985-994
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• 2018

Bio-heavy oil for power generation is a product made by mixing animal fat, vegetable oil and fatty acid methyl ester or its residues and is being used as steam heavy fuel(B-C) for power generation in Korea. However, if the fuel supply system of the fuel pump, the flow pump, the injector, etc., which is transferred to the boiler of the generator due to the composition of the raw material of the bio-heavy oi, causes abrasive wear, it can cause serious damage. Therefore, this study evaluates the fuel characteristics and lubricity properties of various raw materials of bio-heavy oil for power generation, and suggests fuel composition of biofuel for power generation to reduce frictional wear of generator. The average value of lubricity (HFRR abrasion) for bio-heavy oil feedstocks for power generation is $137{\mu}m$, and it varies from $60{\mu}m$ to $214{\mu}m$ depending on the raw materials. The order of lubricity is Oleo pitch> BD pitch> CNSL> Animal fat> RBDPO> PAO> Dark oil> Food waste oil. The average lubricity for the five bio-heavy oil samples is $151{\mu}m$ and the distribution is $101{\mu}m$ to $185{\mu}m$. The order of lubricity is Fuel 1> Fuel 3> Fuel 4> Fuel 2> Fuel 5. Bio-heavy oil samples (average $151{\mu}m$) show lower lubricity than heavy oil C ($128{\mu}m$). It is believed that bio-heavy oil for power generation is composed of fatty acid material, which is lower in paraffin and aromatics content than heavy oil(B-C) and has a low viscosity and high acid value, resulting in inhibition of the formation of lubricating film by acidic component. Therefore, in order to reduce friction and abrasion, it is expected to increase the lubrication of fuel when it contains more than 60% Oleo pitch and BD pitch as raw materials of bio-heavy oil for power generation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.61-66
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• 2009

An experimental investigation was conducted to analyze the effects of biodiesel-ethanol and biodiesel-diesel blended fuels on the characteristics of combustion and exhaust emissions, and size distributions of particulate matter in a single cylinder diesel engine. The three types of test fuel were biodiesel and two blended fuels which were added ethanol and diesel by 20 % volume based fraction into biodiesel, respectively. In this study, the injection rate, combustion pressure, exhaust emissions and size distributions of particulate matter were measured under various injection timings and injection pressures. The experimental results show that biodiesel-ethanol blended fuel has lengthened ignition delay and low combustion pressure in comparison with those of biodiesel and biodiesel-diesel blended fuel even if all fuels indicated similar trends of injection rate under equal injection pressures. In addition, the ethanol blended fuel significantly reduced nitrogen oxidies (NOx) and soot emissions. And then the size distribution of particulate matters shows that blended fuels restrain the formation of particles which were beyond the range of 150nm comparison with biodiesel fuel.