• Journal of Wind Energy
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.5-13
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• 2023

Floating LiDAR systems (FLSs) are used in many countries because they are easier to install than stationary weather towers, have low maintenance costs, and can be installed in deep sea areas. However, FLSs are rarely used in Korea due to a lack of clear evaluation criteria to verify the reliability and uncertainty of their measurements. This study is the first to verify the reliability of FLSs in Korea with one-year simultaneous observation of six lidar systems - two fixed and four floating systems - in sea areas of Gunsan and Yeonggwang. The reliability of FLSs measurement data was verified by comparison between fixed and floating systems. Moreover, differences between existing wind resource maps and the data observed from the six points were analyzed and wind resource maps were calibrated. The results show a return rate of more than 95 % of the observed data and strong correlations between fixed and floating systems (average R2 of 0.977). Additionally, errors in wind speed predictions to produce a wind resource map could be significantly reduced from 5.7 % to 0.6 % after calibrations with the observation data.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.251-274
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• 1999

정부는 2000년에 차세대이동통신(IMT-2000) 사업자 선정을 완료하고 2002년부터 서비스를 시작한다는 계획을 발표했다. 차세대이동통신은 통신장비 및 기술규격의 국가별 차이가 줄어들고 기존의 국내, 국제, 유선, 무선전화, 위성통신, 인터넷, 고속 테이타 송수신 등 모든 현존 신규통신수단을 하나로 통합하는 혁명적 신기술로 사업권을 따내려는 업체들간의 경쟁 및 기존 통신업체들간의 경쟁이 치열해질 전망이다. 정부는 2000년 6월까지 차세대이동통신 면허발급 숫자와 사업자 선정방식을 발표할 계획을 가지고 있다. 정부는 아직 어떤 방식으로 차세대 이동통신 사업자를 선정하고 전파대역을 할당할지 확정하지 못하고 있으나 경매에 의한 주파수 할당제를 도입할 것을 검토중이다. 지금까지 정부의 전파자원 배분은 뚜렷한 원칙이 없고 그때그때 필요에 따라 정하였다. 최근에는 면허제를 채택하여 신청자들의 기술능력, 자금능력 등을 심사하여 전파자원을 할당하는 방식을 써왔다. 그러나 이와 같은 자원배분 방식은 중복투자와 과잉경쟁으로 이어져 무선통신 서비스의 비용상승과 품질저하를 초래하고 있다는 비난을 받고 있다. 전파자원의 효율적 이용을 위해서는 기존의 기술심사에 의한 면허제보다는 경제원리에 입각하여 가장 높은 자원사용료를 지불할 수 있는 사업자에게 주파수자원이 배정되도록 하는 것이 바람직하다.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.44-53
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• 2005

To understand general status of the national wind environment and to distinguish potential areas to be developed as a largescale wind farm, a synoptic wind map of the Korean Peninsula is established by processing remote sensing data of the satellite, NASA QuikSCAT which Is deployed for the SeaWinds Project since 1999. According to the validation results obtained by comparing with the measurement data of marine buoys of KMA(Korea Meteorological Administration), the cross-correlation factor Is greatly Improved up to 0.87 by blending the sea-surface dat3 of QuikSCAT with NCEP/NCAR CDAS data. It is found from the established synoptic wind map that the wind speed in winter is prominent temporally and the South Sea shows high energy density up to the wind class 6 spatially. The reason is deduced that the northwest winds through the yellow Sea and the northeast winds through the East Sea derived by the low-pressure developed in Japan are accelerated passing through the Korea Channel and formed high wind energy region in the South Sea; the same trends are confirmed by the statistical analysis of meteorological observation data of KMA.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1157-1167
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• 2010

This paper details a method for establishing a wind energy map having($1Km{\times}1Km$) resolution. The map is essential for measurement and efficiency-testing of wind energy resources and wind site analysis. To this end, a statistical wind field model is estimated that covers 345,682 regions obtained by $1Km{\times}1Km$ lattices made over South Korea. The paper derives various characteristics of a regional wind energy resource under the statistical wind field model and estimates them to construct the wind energy map. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, based on TMY(typical meteorological year) wind data of 76 weather station areas, shows that a Log-normal model is adequate for the statistical wind field model. The model is estimated by using the wind speed data of 345,682 regions provided by the National Institute of Meteorological Research(NIMR). Various wind energy statistics are studied under the Log-normal wind field model. As an application, the wind energy density(W$/m^2$) map of South Korea is constructed with a resolution of $1Km{\times}1Km$ and its utility for the wind site analysis is discussed.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.330-331
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• 2011

제주도의 풍부한 바람자원과 육지에 비해 높은 SMP로 많은 풍력사업자들이 제주지역에 풍력단지를 조성하기 위해 노력을 기울이고 있다. 향후 대규모 풍력단지가 조성된다면 풍속변화에 따라 생산되는 전력의 변동은 커질 것이다. 이러한 풍력발전기의 가변성으로 인한 출력변동은 계통의 주파수와 국지적인 모선 전압의 변동을 유발할 수 있다. 따라서 전력계통 신뢰도와 안정성을 위하여, 계통 운영 상황을 고려한 풍력발전기 운영이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 PSS/E를 통해 가상 계통을 구현하여 풍력발전기의 무효전력 공급 유 무에 따라 계통에 미치는 영향을 선로의 무효전력과 모선 전압 측면에서 분석하였다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.532-533
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• 2009

The national wind map of South Korea has been established as a core data to support national strategy building and promotion of wind energy dissemination. The national wind map has been made by numerical wind simulation with the spatial resolution of 1 km horizontal, 10m vertical and temporal resolution of 1 hour interval for 5 years period (2003-2007). Therefore, an application system linked with the national wind map named KIER-WindMap$^{TM}$ is being developed to be used by the government, local government, developers and researchers. We introduce the current status of the application system and the future development plans.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.529-531
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• 2009

To construct the wind map for mainland Korea, the well designed atmospheric numerical modeling system was used. Three nest domains were construced with spatial resolutions between $10{\times}10km$ up to the hightest resolution of $1{\times}1km$. Parameterization schemes like MRF(PBL), RRTM(radiation), Grell(cumulus) were chosen since wind data simulated is in better agreement with the observed wind data. High-resolution atmospheric numerical model was applied to simulate the motion of the atmosphere and to produce the wind map around the South Korea. The results of several simulations were improved compare to the past system, because of using the fine geographical data, such as terrain height and land-use data, and the meteorological data assimilation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.277-295
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• 2006

Vascular plants of Mt. Daedeok were composed of 81 families, 266 genera, 358 species, 1 subspecies, 69 varieties and 14 forma, totaling 442 taxa. Seventeen species among the 442 species were Korean endemic and 15 rare plants such as Anemone koraiensis, Eranthis stellata, Aristolochia manchuriensis, Viola albida, Viola diamantiaca, Acanthopanax senricosus, Acanthopanax chiisanense, Anagaltidium dichotomum, Scrophularia koraiensis, Adenophora grandiflora, Lilium cernuum, Lilium medeoloides, Lloydia triflora, Iris odaesanensis and Cypripedium macranthum were also investigated. The naturalized plants were 6 families, 15 genera, 16 species, totaling 16 taxa. Life form spectra was $H-D_4-R_5-e$ type and the use of plants were composed edible 43.2%, pasture 41.0%, medical 32.8%, ornamental 12.6%, respectively. The forest vegetation of Mt. Daedeok was classified Quercus mongolica community group with Betula emanii-Quercus mongolica community and typical community and Juglans mandshurica community.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.222-234
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• 2021

Airborne-pests can be introduced into Korea from overseas areas by wind, which can cause considerable damage to major crops. Meteorological models have been used to estimate the wind trajectories of airborne insects. The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of input settings on the prediction of areas where airborne pests arrive by wind. The wind trajectories were predicted using the HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model. The HYSPLIT model was used to track the wind dispersal path of particles under the assumption that brown plant hopper (Nilaparvata lugens) was introduced into Korea from sites where the pest was reported in China. Meteorological input data including instantaneous and average wind speed were generated using meso-scale numerical weather model outputs for the domain where China, Korea, and Japan were included. In addition, the calculation time intervals were set to 1, 30, and 60 minutes for the wind trajectory calculation during early June in 2019 and 2020. It was found that the use of instantaneous and average wind speed data resulted in a considerably large difference between the arrival areas of airborne pests. In contrast, the spatial distribution of arrival areas had a relatively high degree of similarity when the time intervals were set to be 1 minute. Furthermore, these dispersal patterns predicted using the instantaneous wind speed were similar to the regions where the given pest was observed in Korea. These results suggest that the impact assessment of input settings on wind trajectory prediction would be needed to improve the reliability of an approach to predict regions where airborne-pest could be introduced.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.390-402
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• 2005

This study was carried out systematically to grasp the resource plants in construct-reserved site of ecological forest, Jecheon-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea. This site was located at $37^{\circ}12'$ in latitude and $127^{\circ}57'$ in longitude and the period of survey was from March to October, 2004. The vascular plants were summarized as 371 taxa; 83 families, 238 genera, 324 species, 44 varieties and 3 forma. And in the results of survey on resource plants, we confirmed 178 taxa of ornamental plants$(47.98\%)$, 232 taxa of edible plants$(62.53\%)$, 257 taxa of medicinal plants$(69.27\%)$ and 154 taxa of other useful plants$(41.51\%)$. The rare and endangered plants designated by Korea Forest Service were 4 taxa; Eranthis stellata, Paeonia japonica, Viola albida and Scopolia japonica.