• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.88-88
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• 2002

인공수정 및 수정란기술의 활성화에 따라 소에 있어서 인공수정은 90%이상이 실시되고 있으나, 수정란이식은 수정란의 생산이 안정적이지 않아 활성화에 많은 지장을 초래하고 있다. 이의 원인은 수정란이식에 의한 수태율의 저하가 가장 크며, 수태율 향상을 위하여 수란우에 progesterone, hCG 등의 주사가 실시되고 있다. 그러나 이는 수정란의 착상에 있어서 자궁의 환경을 개선한다고 하나, 착상의 정확한 기전의 구명은 미미한 상태이다. 한편 비장유래 macrophage가 황체를 자극하고 TGF-$\beta$의 생산을 유도하는 것으로 보고되고 있으며, IL-I $\alpha$와 $\beta$에 따라 TGF-$\beta$ 생산에 있어서 약간의 차이를 보이는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 비장유래 macrophage가 TGF-$\beta$의 생산시 임신관련 Cytokine인 IL-I$\alpha$와의 관계를 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 임신 및 비임신 도축 암소의 비장을 채취하여 얼음에 채워 실험실로 운반한 후 비장의 표면을 70%의 알콜로 세척하고, 표피를 벗겨 비장조직을 세절하여 10% FBS+DMEM에 넣어 조직을 눌러 짜면서 조직속의 세포를 분리하였다. 세척한 배양액은 4-5$m\ell$를 100mm 유리 petri dish에 넣고 39$^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$, 95% 공기인 배양기에서 2시간이상 배양하였으며, 배양 후 냉장된 buffer A 용액으로 세척하여 유리 petri dish의 바닥에 부착된 macrophage만을 cell scraper로 분리하였다. 분리한 macrophage는 0.5-1 $\times$ $10^{6}$ cells/$m\ell$가 되게 조정하여, IL-I 을 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 또한 1 ng/$m\ell$를 첨가하여 농도에 따른 효과를 조사하였고, 각각 24, 48, 72, 96 또한 120시간을 배양하여 시간에 의한 효과도 실시하였다. 각 배치구에서 얻어진 배양액은 TGF-$\beta$를 조사하기 전까지 -2$0^{\circ}C$에 동결 보존하였다. TGF-$\beta$의 측정은 TGF-$\beta$ kit(promega, USA)를 이용하여 실시하였으며, 통계학적 분석은 Anova test를 Statview program을 이용하여 분석하였다. 시험의 결과 대조구에 비해 IL-I 첨가구는 2-3배의 TGF-$\beta$생산을 보였으며, 배양시간에 따른 생산은 시간이 지남에 따라 약간 상승하는 경향을 보였으나, 유의적인 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 또한 IL-I의 농도에 따른 생산의 변화는 IL-I의 농도에 따라 약간의 차이를 보였고 유의적인 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 임신 및 비임신의 경우 임신우의 비장 macrophage가 비임신보다는 약간 상승하는 거스로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 IL-I $\alpha$ 는$\beta$subunit 보다 TGF-$\beta$ 생산에 있어서 서로 다른 양상을 보일 것으로 추정되며, IL-I은 macrophage의 직접적인 영향을 주기보다는 황체세포를 매개로 한 자궁에 TGF-$\beta$의 생산을 유도하는 것으로 사료되며, 임신관련 cytokine에 대한 다양한 연구가 요구되고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of energy saving and sound insulation of building materials mixed with charcoal. To investigate the functionality of building based on the difference of construction materials, three different experimental buildings were constructed. They were buildings built with the conventional construction materials (A), the charcoal construction materials (B), and the charcoal-sericite construction materials (C). The study showed that energy consumption could be reduced approximately 9.5% and 14.5% by replacing A with B and C, respectively. Especially, it is revealed that the lower outdoor temperature was, the higher energy saving effect was. Also, after shutoff the boiler switch the decrease rate of room temperature of the one using B was lower than those of others using A and C so that the room temperature at the building using B was higher by $3.5{\sim}4.2^{\circ}C$ in the 1 meter air above the ground and by $4.4{\sim}5.4^{\circ}C$ on the floor surface after 12 hours passed. In the building noise test the heavy-and light-weight impact sound of the plate, represented by criterion of noise between floors in multi-story building, tended to decrease in the test sample containing charcoal.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.32-39
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• 2005

When PFC(Perfluorocarbonate) decontamination technology is applied to removal of radioactive contaminated particulate adhered at surface during the operation of nuclear research facilities, it is necessary to develop a filtration equipment to reuse of PFC solution due to high price, also to minimize the volume of second wastewater. Contaminated characteristics of hot particulate was investigated and a filtration process was presented to remove suspended radioactive particulate from PFC decontamination wastewater generated on PFC decontamination. The range of size of hot particulate adhered at the surface of research facilities measured by SEM was $0.1{\sim}10{\mu}m$. Hot particulate of more than $2{\mu}m$ in PFC contamination wastewater was removed by first filter and then hot particulate of more than $0.2{\mu}m$ was removed by second filter. Results of filter experiments showed that filtration efficiency of PVDF(Poly vinylidene fluoride), PP(Polypropylene), Ceramic filter was $95{\sim}97\%$. A ceramic filter showed a higher filtration efficiency with a little low permeate volume. Also, a ceramic of inorganic compound could be broken easily on experiment and has a high price but was highly stable at radioactivity in comparison of PVDF and PP of a macromolecule which generate $H_2$ gas in alpha radioactivity environment.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 1991

Field experiments were carried out to evaluate the utility of water hyacinth(Eichhornia crassipes Solm-Laub) for purifyng sewage water in paddy fields of $247m^2$(75 Pyung). A field was lined with PVC film at a depth of 30cm and sewage water for 40 days. The results obtained with the use of water hyacinth in the sewage water are summarized as follows : 1. The Sodium linear dodecyl benzene sulfonate content of sewage water on the inlet was 6.33 ppm, themiddle point was 3.50 ppm and the outlet was 1.37 ppm. 2. With the use of water hyacinth in the sewage and the distilled water, the L.A.S. content were decreased from 7.3 and 4.0 to 0, respectively. 3. Sterillization with 70% ethyl alcohol at the roots of the water hyacinth was reduced the degradation effect of L.A.S. 4. The COD and $NH_4^+-N$ content of the sewage decreased from 107 and 32.7 ppm to 32.6 and 16.2 ppm, respectively and the P, Na and Cl content also were reduced.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.143-149
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• 2001

A contact oxidation canal system with sedimentation basin was installed to study the efficiency of water quality purification. The primary sedimentation basin with 60 min of HRT (Hydraulic Retention Time) included in the system was aimed to sediment pollutants in the water and the deposit being released by the drainage culvert located at the bottom of the system. The oxidation canal aerated by nozzle was to contact the pollutants and oxygen in the surface of plastic filter to purify the water. Discharge, HRT, length of the oxidation canal were $200\;m^3/day$, 90 min, 20 m, respectively. The treatment efficiency of total nitrogen was lower compared with other water quality items such as SS, BOD, TP because the anoxic condition for denitrification was not ensured after the oxidation canal. However, $25%{\sim}89.6%$ of SS, $75.0%{\sim}91.5%$ of BOD, $44.3%{\sim}95.3%$ of TP were removed in this system. Overall, the results indicates that this system appears to have a potential capability for water quality improvement of the reservoirs or the canals in the agricultural watershed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.216-220
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• 2002

The microbiological examinations of food service operations were conducted for the hygienic evaluation at four elementary schools in Busan, Korea. Total one hundred and seventy two swabbed samples using sponge were collected from the surface of environments, utensils and equipments of food service facilities and analyzed by measuring the total, coliform and psychrotrophic count. Sampling sites were the surfaces of floors, drains, walls, knives, cutting boards, rubber gloves, vinyl aprons, plastic containers, carriers, shelves, trays, dry shelves, electric tray dryer, food containers, soup containers, rice cookers, frying pans, boiling cookers, refrigerators, dumb waiters and dishwashers. The swabbed samples kept in an ice-parked box were transported to a laboratory and analyzed. The results demonstrated that the degree of contamination depended on the sampling sites. Averages of total counts of surface swab samples were ranged from 0.62 to 7.79 Log CFU/200 cm$^2$. The level of coliforms were ranged from not detectable to 5.26 Log CFU/200 cm$^2$, and those of psychrotrophs from not detectable to 6.15 Log CFU/200 cm$^2$. The severely contaminated sites were dumb waiters, drains, rice cookers, knives, plastic containers and floors. Also cutting boards, rubber gloves, carriers, drying shelves, vinyl aprons, boiling cookers, soup containers, frying pans and refrigerators were highly contaminated with the level of abode 3.5 Log CFU/200 cm$^2$. Therefore, those sites should be focused and controlled according to control points of sanitation standard operating procedures (SSOP). Also, periodic microbiological examination in addition to visual examination is recommended on these highly contaminated sites indicated above results at food service operations in elementary school.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.59-72
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• 2014

For circular rigid footings with a rough base on sand, combined vertical - moment loading capacity was studied by three-dimensional numerical modelling. Mohr-Coulomb plasticity model with the associated flow-rule was used for the soil. After comparing the results of the swipe loading method, which can construct the interaction diagram with smaller number of analyses, and those of the probe loading method, which can simulate the load-paths in the conventional load tests, it was found that both loading methods give similar results. Conventional methods based on the effective width or area concept and the results by eccentricity factor ($e_{\gamma}$) were reviewed. The results by numerical modelling of this study were compared with those of previous studies. The combined loading capacity for vertical (V) - moment (M) loading was barely affected by the internal friction angle. It was found that the effective width concept expressed in the form of eccentricity factor can be applied to circular footings. The numerical results of this study were smaller than the previous experimental results and the differences between them increased with the eccentricity and moment load. Discussions are made on the reason of the disparities between the numerical and experimental results, and the areas for further researches are mentioned.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.77-78
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• 2006

최근 flexible OLED의 구동에 사용하기 위한 유기박막트랜지스터(Organic Thin Film Transistor, OTFT)의 연구에서는 용매에 용해되어 spin coating이 가능한 재료의 개발에 관심을 두고 있다. 현재 pentacene으로는 아직 spin coating으로 제작할 수 있는 상용화된 제품이 없고 spin coating이 가능한 활성층 물질(active material)로 P3HT가 쓰이고 있다. 본 연구에서는 용해 가능한 P3HT 활성층 물질과 여러 종류의 용해 가능한 게이트 절연물(gate insulator, Gl)을 사용하여 안정된 소자를 구현할 수 있는 공정을 개발하는 목적으로 metal-insulator-semironductor(MIS) 소자를 제작하여 C-V 특성을 측정하고 분석하였다. 먼저 7mm${\times}$7mm 크기의 pyrex glass 시편 위에 바닥 전극으로 $1600{\AA}$ Au을 증착하고 spin coating 방식을 이용하여 PVP, PVA, PVK, BCB, Pl의 5종류의 게이트 절연층을 각각 형성하였고 그 위에 같은 방법으로 P3HT를 코팅하였다. P3HT 코팅 시 bake 공정의 유무와 spin rpm의 변화에 따른 P3HT의 두께를 측정하였다. Gl의 종류별로 주파수에 따른 capatltancc를 측정하여 비교, 분석하였다. C-V 측정 결과 PVP, PVA, PVK, BCB, Pl의 단위 면적당 capacitance 값은 각각 1.06, 2.73, 2.94, 3.43, $2.78nF/cm^2$로 측정되었다. Threshold voltage, $V_{th}$는 각각 -0.4, -0.7, -1.6, -0.1, -0.2V를 나타냈다. 주파수에 따른 capacitance 변화율을 측정한 결과 Gl 물질 모두 주파수가 높을수록 capacitance가 점점 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 1${\sim}$2nF 이내의 범위에서 작은 변화율만 나타냈다. P3HT의 두께와 bake 온도를 변화시켜 C-V 값을 측정한 결과 차이는 없었다. FE-SEM으로 관찰한 결과에서도 두께나 온도에 따른 P3HT의 표면 morphology 차이를 확인할 수 없었다. 본 연구에서 PVK와 P3HT의 조합이 수율(yield)면에서 가장 안정적이면서 $3.43\;nF/cm^2$의 가장 높은 capacitance 값을 나타내고 $V_{th}$ 값 또한 -1.6V로 가장 낮은 값을 보였다.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.18 no.1 s.22
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• pp.1-20
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• 2004

A geoscientific research was performed on 12 samples of comb-pattern potteries which were excavated at Daecheonri neolithic site, Korea. The texture and compositions of 12 potteries and surrounding metrix of soil and rocks were compared with the help of petrographic microscope, XRD and REE data. As to the manufacturing techniques thick potteries are caused by the amount and number of coarse grains which are assumed to be added shards when their distributional pattern are considered. DC1, DC3, DC 7 and DC11 samples have clearly oriented textures, and the orientation of vesicles in DC3 and DC11 samples arranged in the same direction with those on the pottery surface. This indicates the use potter's wheel technique in manufacturing potteries. Burning temperature is assumed over $800^{/circ}C$, particularly under reduction environment. As to the source, raw materials of pottery matrix are derived from the bottom of excavation site, or in an extracted outcrop of the northwestern foothill from site, while the shard materials are very similar with those extracted from sandy loams near sites. Finally any use pattern of pottery may control the pottery thickness, shard addition, and matrix selection.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.479-492
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to accurately analyze the damage of bridges in order to determine whether fire bridges can be used continuously or to provide information on maintenance augmentation data. Method: XRD, SEM and EDS analyzes of concrete were carried out to estimate the fire temperature transferred to the structure, and analyzed by depth and area from PSCI beam and bottom plate concrete surface. Results: Test results G_12,11 for the fire zone concrete were confirmed to be affected by heat up to depth of 60mm and the temperature of the hydrothermal heat was above 1000℃. Also, the girder G_10,9,8 was relatively weakly damaged compared to G_12,11, and the degree of damage was confirmed to be affected by heat up to a depth of 40 mm. Conclusion: Based on the analyzed data, it is considered that if the repair / reinforcement and periodic inspection are carried out, the bridge can secure sufficient safety even considering the damage caused by the fire.