• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.117-126
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• 2019

Historically, the United Nations supported the establishment of the government of the Republic of Korea after liberation and played a decisive role in defending liberal democracy and peace by sending peacekeepers during the Korean War. With the political and military support of the United Nations, the Republic of Korea was able to grow into the world's 10th largest economy today, and now it is time to fulfill its responsibilities and roles to contribute to peace and prosperity in the international community as a middle power. The international peace operations of the United Nations are comprehensive concepts encompassing conflict prevention, peacemaking, peace enforcement, peacekeeping, and peace building, and are implemented in accordance with the Security Council resolutions based on the UN Charter. In order to effectively respond to changes in the international security environment and conflict factors after the post-Cold War, the UN promoted a paradigm shift in international peace operations through the 2000 Brahim Report and the 2015 High-Level Panel Report on UN Peace Activities. Therefore, this study aims to assess the Korean military's international peace operations at a limited level, such as reconstruction assistance and humanitarian assistance, and to present development measures for more active participation as a middle power in the future. To this end, we reviewed the history and specificities of conflict, the conflicting factors after the post-Cold War, and the new paradigm of UN peace operations, focusing on the African region where a number of UN peacekeeping missions are stationed. And it also suggested ways to develop international peace operations that the Korean military should pursue in the future.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2015

In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of fermented Hizikia fusiformis extracts in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. The fermentation was performed using Lactobacillus casei in mixture of carbon source at $30^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. The sample groups were prepared with/without L. casei group in order to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory activity of fermented H. fusiformis in regard to lactic acid bacteria. As a result, we confirmed the inhibitory effect of H. fusiformis extracts on LPS-stimulated NO production and expression of $TNF{\alpha}$, while it had no regulatory effect on the expression of iNOS, COX-2, $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6 as important inflammatory factors. However, L. casei fermented group significantly suppressed the expression of the above factors. In particular, the difference between the two groups in the matter of mRNA expression of iNOS, which is directly associated with NO production, indicated that the fermentation with lactic acid bacteria effectively suppressed NO production by regulating iNOS expression. Also, effective suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines showed that the fermentation using L. casei may provide an increment towards extraction of active ingredients that are effective anti-inflammatory agents.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.211-222
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• 2007

This paper aims to evaluate the new regional development policy which is entirely focused on the lagging rural regions in Korea. The new regional development, called the shin-hwal-ryuk policy is to reflect the radical change in the idea and philosophy of rural development. Although traditional rural development policies were top-down-based and physical infrastructure-centered, the new rural development policy idea is based on bottom-up and soft infrastructure which is related to the promotion of regional innovation capacities. However, it is revealed that the new rural policy involves a variety of problems in the process of establishing and making progress the policy plan in a local level. In the operating process of the policy plan, the central government has shown too quick-tempered for achieving visible outcomes, while many of local government suffer from the lacks of professional capabilities to carry out the plan. I see that as a result of the mixture of these problems the new policy is regarded as 'passively localized process' by the central government rather than 'actively localizing process' by the region for building regional innovation capacity.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.257-269
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• 2000

예술작품은 의상디자인에 영감 혹은 영향을 줌으로써 상업적 의상으로 재생산된다. 오늘날까지도 60년대의 많은 팝 아티스트 작품들이 그대로 T셔츠 등에 프린트되는 것을 쉽게 볼 수 있다. 이러한 직접적 영향에는 자주 맹목적 표절이라는 논란을 불러 일으켰으나 긍정적이든 부정적이든 예술작품과 의상 디자인은 20세기초부터 밀접한 관계를 가져왔다. Sonia Delaunay는 예술을 대중과 결합시키는 가장 좋은 방법은 의상을 통해서라고 생각하였다. 그녀는 "만일 예술작품을 생활 속에 들어가게 하려면 그건 여성들 자신이 입고 다니는 방법뿐이다". 라고 말하였다. 결국 이러한 예술의 대중화에 대한 이론은 60년대에 와서 팝 아트 패션의 출현으로 그 결실을 보게 된다. 상류층을 대상으로 한 의상이 대중화되는 과정에서 60년대 경제호황으로 인한 젊은이들의 소비자층 형성과 미술양식에서의 팝아트의 출현은 자연스러운 시대적 조류로 나타났다. 이러한 상황은 팝 아트가 이 시대의 미술 양식에 혁신적일 뿐 아니라, 사회 전반에 팝 아트의 특성(소비 문화적, 대중 문화적, 재현적, 통속적, 기계적, 획일적)을 유행시키고, 대중에게 순수 예술과 복식에 참여 할 수 있는 기회를 부여했다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 가장 혁명적이고도 대중적이라고 할 수 있는 팝 아트 이미지의 작품 제작과 분석을 통하여 현재 논의되고 있는 전시회나 패션쇼에서만 볼 수 있다는 다소 아방가르드 적인 의상 작품들의 대중화 방안에 대한 해결책을 모색하고자 하였다. 실제 의상 디자인 창작에 초점을 맞추었으며, 제작을 위해서 팝 아트에서 주요 소재로 삼았고 대중적 이미지의 심볼이라고도 할 수 있는 Coca Cola label을 표현 모티브로 삼아 개성적이고도 독창적인 의상 디자인을 한 후 분석하였다. 또한 독특한 의상 표현의 개발을 위하여 표현 기법으로는 현대 미술에서 새로운 재료와 여러 가지 재료를 화면에 도입시키는 표현 방법으로서 사용된 콜라주 기법을 사용하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 의상 창작에 있어 조형예술과 연결하여 대중적인 이미지를 도입함으로써 착용자가 예술에 대한 친근하고 익숙한 느낌을 갖게 하며, 예술과 상품 그 자체에 대한 상업적 홍보 목적으로도 사용할 수 있으며, 대중적인 이미지를 표현함에 있어 콜라주 기법은 염색 기법을 사용하지 않고서도 작가가 원하는 표현 효과를 낼 수 있다는 측면을 발견할 수 있었다. 즉 사용된 대중적 상표 이미지는 주인에서 흔히 볼 수 있는 현대 도시의 인공적 환경들로, 의상을 독특하고 개성 있게 표현할 수 있는 모티브의 역할을 하면서 또한 그 예가 무한하여 다양한 디자인 창출의 가능성을 갖고 있으며, 의상을 통해 예술과 대중을 융합시켰다는 예술의 대중화, 민주화라는 중요한 역할을 하였다. 전시회나 패션쇼에서 만 볼 수 있는 예술적 성격을 띠는 아방가르드 작품의 대중 확산 방법으로 제시될 수 있는 이상적인 방법으로는 예술성이 짙은 도저히 입을 수 없다고 생각되어지는 아방가르드한 의상을 일반 대중 브랜드들이 단순한 모방이 아닌 새로운 패러디 작업으로 일반화시켜 상업성을 띤 의상으로 재조정되어 여성들의 몸에 걸치게 하는 것이다. 이와 같은 순환으로써, 조형예술 작품은 의상 디자인 참작에 영향, 영감을 주면서 여러 번의 형태 변화를 거치는 패러디를 통해 각 계층의 누구나가 좋아하고 접할 수 있는 또 다른 창조를 맞아 대중의 손까지 갈 수 있는 것이다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.395-400
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• 2010

The development of adhesive dentistry has allowed that the crown fragment reattachment can be another option in the treatment of crown fracture. However, additional crown lengthening procedure or extrusion of the tooth may be necessary in the treatment of crown root fracture because subgingival fracture line in close proximity to the alveolar bone leads to challenges for restorative procedure and the violation of the biologic width. This case report presents a modified crown fragment reattachment technique of crown root fracture with pulp exposure, which was done without additional crown lengthening procedures. After the endodontic treatment, the patient was treated using a post insertion and the fragment reattachment technique, which made it possible to preserve the space for the biologic width and maintain a dry surgical field for adequate adhesion through the modification of the fractured coronal fragment. Since a coronal fracture was occurred and reattached afterward, it was observed that the coronal fragment was well maintained without the additional loss of periodontal attachment through 2-year follow up.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 2018

Jens Jensen was an American landscape architect and early conservationist who pioneered a unique naturalistic landscape style. The purpose of the present study is to study Jensen's life, careers, design philosophy, and his contributions to the history of landscape architecture. Inspired by nature, Jensen worked closely with native plants, local materials, curvilineal and circular forms, and native scenery. His pioneering work in the Chicago's West Parks, including the design of Columbus Park and Humboldt, Garfield and Douglas Parks, was informed by his philosophical belief in the humanizing power of parks. In summary, first, Jensen played a prominent role in the creation of a unique native landscape style respecting regional landscape. Second, as a devoted conservationist and educator he organized conservation movements preserving landscape heritage and founded a education institution. Third, as a social reformer he emphasized the value of parks and nearby nature for urban citizens and children. Jensen's visions and philosophies have influenced on recent naturalistic landscape style and conservation efforts to preserve cultural landscape and natural environment.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.36
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• pp.121-145
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• 2014

Operating under the principle of user-benefit maximization and democratic user-control, cooperatives are being spot-lighted as a business model satisfying the various social, financial needs. In Korea, the Law of Cooperative was enacted as of December 2012, which has enabled the establishment of cooperatives in variety of industry fields. This study is to discuss the expected effect and validity of marketing cooperative as a solution for insufficient sales revenue in international distribution of Korean animation. The interviews with Korean animation studios found out the key problems of overseas distribution, which are; 1) lack of marketing expertise and weak organization, 2) lack of ancillary rights exploitation due to the deals based upon all rights package with the broadcasters who are not interested in ancillary business, 3) lack of localized marketing support in each territory. The solution for these problems takes large and long-term marketing investment and it is far beyond the capabilities of small Korean animation studios. Marketing cooperative can provide services not available otherwise such as in-depth market research which will help the improvement of international marketing expertise. Also. as the cooperative carries enough volume of animation catalogue, it can increase negotiation power satisfying the various needs of buyers. Also, it can provide the precise marketing support for each territory by integrating every process of value chain, from TV broadcasting, merchandising, and digital media platform. Above all, a clear benefit of marketing cooperative is that, because of its user-benefit and user-control principle, the principal-agent problem can be minimized while it maximizes the profit for member studios.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.18-29
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• 2013

A new precast concrete (PC) beam and column connection system using non-prestressed wire strands was recently developed. The system is composed of one unit of two-storied PC-column and PC-beams with U-shaped ends. The connection part of the column and beams is reinforced by deformed bars and non-prestressed wire strands in combination for the improvement of workability. Structural performance of this system was verified by several experimental studies. The purpose of this study is developing a design concept of the beam reinforced by deformed bars and non-prestressed wire strands in combination, in terms of the cross-sectional analysis, based on the preceded experiment. A minimum and maximum reinforcement ratio and the calculation formula for the strength of flexural member reinforced by reinforcements having different yield strengths are derived based on KBC2009. Under consideration existing research results for the application of high strength reinforcement bars, the design yield strength of the non-prestressed wire strand is suggested. An example for the cross section design, satisfying the serviceability requirements, demonstrates the applicability of the design concept developed in the study.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate four different polishing systems of their polishability and polishing time. Materials and Methods: 4 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness Teflon mold was made. Z-250 (3M ESPE) hybrid composite resin was slightly overfilled and pressed with slide glass and cured with Optilux 501 for 40 sec each side. Then the surface roughness (glass pressed: control group) was measured with profilometer. One surface of the specimen was roughened by #320 grit sand paper and polished with one of the following polishing systems; Sof-Lex (3M ESPE), Jiffy (Ultradent), Enhance (Dentsply/Caulk), or Pogo (Dentsply/Caulk). The surface roughness and the total polishing time were measured. The results were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. Results: The surface roughness was lowest in Pogo, and highest in Sof-Lex. Polishing times were shortest with Pogo, and followed by the Sof-Lex, Enhance and Jiffy. Conclusions: One-step polishing system (Pogo) is very effective to get the smooth surface in a short time, therefore it can be recommended for final polishing system of the restoration.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.16
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• pp.19-45
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• 2008

This study intended to examine the Korean municipal police operating system which is certain to be introduced to the nation, and verify the effect of the new appointment system presented herein from the viewpoint of police and experts in related areas, thus contributing to having the municipal police system in place stably. In particular, this study focused on the education and training in the process of a new appointment. On the basis of the discussion based on the results, it could be concluded that: First, it must be executed the adequate education and training to foster needed democratic policemen considering regional realities and different localities. Second, it must be included the open environment to train competent policement in the process of education and training. In addition, it needed to utilize the educational facilities and professor of regional universities. Third, it must be needed to secure independent education and training different from National Policemen Education. To do this, it must be developed curriculum fit for characteristics fo the municipal police system.