• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.852-859
• /
• 2009

For the analysis of solids containing a number of microinclusions or microvoids, in which the mechanical effect of each inclusion or void, a numerical approach is need to be developed to understand the mechanical behavior of damaged solids containing these defects. In this study, the simulation method using the natural element method is proposed for the analysis of effective elastic moduli. The mechanical effect of each inclusion or void is considered by controlling the material constants for Gaussian points. The relationship between area fraction of microinclusions or microvoids and effective elastic moduli is studied to verify the validity of the proposed method. The obtained results are in good agreement with the theoretical results such as differential method, self-consistent method, Mori-Tanaka method, as well as the numerical results by rigid body spring model.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.1259-1268
• /
• 1995

The stress distribution around micro holes and the behavior of stress interaction between micro holes are considerd in the study. Several conclusions are extracted as follows : (1) The stress interaction varies with the distance e between micro holes. When the two micro holes are spaced in such a manner that theri two closest points are separated by a distance of micro hole radius (e=1), stress distribution is affected by a opposite micro hole in all the closest region. In addition, if two closest points are seperated by twice the distance of a micro hole radius (e=2), stress distribution is affected by a opposite micro hole in the region of -0.8.leq.x/r.leq.0.8 and the interaction effect can be neglected for e=4. (2)If the depth becomes larger than the radius, or the radius varies, the shape and magnitude of stress distribution around micro holes varies. (3) Hoop stress around a micro hole for the two dimensional configuration is larger than that of the three dimensional micro hole located on the surface of material for .theta. < 60.deg., but it is reversed for .theta > 60.deg.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.555-564
• /
• 1994

This study has been made to investigate the stress distribution around defects and inclusions that behave as stress concentrators. The stress distribution and interation effects around defects and inclusions was analyzed using Finite Element Method. The results are as follows;(1) Maximum stress point in case of $E_I/E_M>1$($E_I$:elasticity modulus forthe inclusion, $E_M$/:elasticity modulus for the base material)is the vertical point with respect to force direction and in case of $E_I/E_M<1$ it is the parallel point along the hole edge. (2) Interaction effects of ${\sigma}_y$ for the inclusion side is larger than the defect side when the interval between inclusion and defect is near. (3) stress interation effects is large if the difference of ${\sigma}_y$ is small and it is small if the difference of ${\sigma}_y$ is large for the case that the interval between inclusion and defect whose size and property are different is near.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.709-714
• /
• 1999

Ultrastructure of ocellar system was studied in adult Drosophila melanogaster. Ocellus was composed of terminal receptors, interneuron and glia. These three part showed different brightness each other and each component was distinct. In the glial cell, rER was abundant, and terminal receptors and interneuron showed numerous microtubules, special transporting system. The terminal receptors have particular structure referred as capital projection connecting the terminal receptor to glia. In synaptic active zone between terminal receptor and interneuron, ribbon-like structures and synaptic vesicles around the structures were frequently observed. In addition, the cross section of giant interneuron was also observed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.929-940
• /
• 1995

The fatigue strength and fracture topography in the friction welded interface of high speed steel (HSS-Co) to SM55C carbon steel have been investigated through the fatigue test, SEM fractograph and EDS (energy dispersive spectrometer) analysis. Three kinds of specimens used in this research are the friction welded joints, HSS-Co and SM55C carbon steel with circumferential notch, saw notch and smooth, respectively. The notch sensitivity factor, .eta. of the friction welded joints is lower than that of the base materials, and that represents a superiority of the joint performance of FRW. Fracture topography of the FRW specimens with a notch showed a cleavage or brittle appearance, while that of the FRW smooth specimen appeared to be ductile. Furthermore, although fatigue crack likely initiated near the weld interface of the FRW smooth specimen, crack propagation continued into the HAZ of SM55C steel. Finally, fatigue fractures of the base materials were associated primarily with the inclusions located at the outer periphery of the specimen.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.7 no.2 s.19
• /
• pp.48-53
• /
• 2003

This study is to look at the effect for deformation of carbon steel for high-presure pipe, on the AE signals produced by tensile test. Acoustic emission(AE) has been widely used in various fields because of its extreme sensitivity, dynamic detection ability and location of growing defects. We investigated a relationship failure mode and AE signals by tensile test, From the tensile test, we could divide into four ranges of the failure modes of elastic range, yield range, plastic range before $\sigma$u, plastic range after $\sigma$u. And failure behaviors of elastic range, yield range, plastic range before $\sigma$u, plastic range after $\sigma$u could be evaluated in tensile test by AE counts, accumulation counts and time frequency analysis. It is expected to be basic data that can protect a risk according to tensile test and bending of pipe material for pressure vessel, as a real time test of AE.