• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.1A
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• pp.45-54
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• 2006

To obtain realistic stress-strain relation in concrete, it is necessary to improve the constitutive model for creep and shrinkage of concrete. This study is made up with predicting model of creep using rheological approach and mathematical development which is solution for phenomenon of concrete creep. Long-term deformation components are combined based on traditional 4-parameters model. Creep deformation is obtained adequately using 4-parameters determined by considering aging effect and microprestress among gels. And coefficient of effective viscosity is able to represent both basic creep and total creep included drying creep. This study attempt to establish mathematical model considering effects of aging, hydration, and variations of pore humidity. It can predict both basic creep and total creep. Values of result between prediction and experiment have greater than correlation factor 99%. Additionally experimental results report bad consentaneity with highway design specification adopting FIB MC 90. Rather than those are similar to FIB MC 90 rev.99.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.1A
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• pp.85-93
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• 2009

The primary objective of this study is to construct more simple and reasonable rheological model and propose a methodology for predicting a phenomenon of concrete creep. Deformations of concrete under sustained stress can be expressed by the sum of immediately elastic deformation, time-dependent and time-independent short-term creep, and long-term creep according to the mechanism and time-dependency. To simulate these deformations, a rheological model having six parameters was constructed. In the composing of each parameter, the microprestress-solidification theory and design model code were incorporated together with the numerical approach for the components which can not be theoretically approached. Finally, actual test data were applied in the verification of the proposed model, and suitability of the model was confirmed by comparisons with existing predicting models and design codes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.399-405
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• 2008

콘크리트 슬래브 표면의 영상처리 목적은 구조물의 균열발생을 최소화하고 발생한 균열에 대해서 지속적인 기록 관리로 균열의 진행 상태를 분석하여 보수시기 및 보수공법 적용의 합리적 운영체계를 수립하고자 하는 것이다. 일반적으로 콘크리트에서의 균열은 육안으로 분간할 수 있을 정도로 큰 반면 프리스트레스트 콘크리트의 균열은 기기를 사용하여야 측정, 분별할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 균열의 명함도와 인접한 표면의 명함도 차이를 이용하여 균열과 잡음을 분리한다. 그리고 균열과 잡음 영역에서 형태학적인 정보를 이용하여 잡음 영역만을 제거한다. 잡음 영역이 제거된 균열 영역에서도 미세한 잡음이 존재하므로 균열 영역을 평활화를 한 후, 미세 잡음을 하나의 객체로 인식하여 제거하고 끊어진 영역의 균열을 미디언 필터를 이용하여 균열을 연결한다. 그리고 제안된 방법으로 추출된 균열을 원본 영상에 적용하여 최종적으로 균열만을 검출한다. 검출된 균열에서 균열의 특정부분을 선택하고 선택되어진 균열 영상을 대상으로 균열의 길이, 방향, 폭을 순차적으로 분석한다. 실제 균열 영상을 대상으로 실험한 결과, 균열이 비교적 정확히 검출되었고 균열 검사기가 한번에 측정할 때에 비해 비교적 빠르고 적은 노력으로 측정할 수 있는 것을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2012

After flash memory card(FMC) was manufactured by $B^2it$ process, interfacial reaction of silver bump with thermal stress was studied. To investigate bonding reliability of Ag bump, thermal shock and thermal stress tests were conducted and then examined on the crack between Cu land and Ag bump interface. Diffusion reaction of Ag bump/Cu land interface was analyzed using SEM, EDS and FIB. The Ag-Cu alloy layer due to the interfacial reaction was formed at the Ag/Cu interface. As the diffusivity of Ag ${\rightarrow}$ Cu is faster than Cu ${\rightarrow}$ Ag, a lot of (Cu, Ag) alloy layers were observed at the Cu layer than Ag. These alloy layers contributed to increase the Cu-Ag bonding strength and its reliability.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.697-700
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• 2008

The object of this paper is to propose a logical prediction model of a concrete creep using rheology. Rheology is the study on the flow and stress relationship of matter under the influence of an applied stress. It is also estimated as an effective theory to describe concrete long-term deformations. According to a time dependency and a mechanism of occurrence, the proposed creep model was divided into four components, such as an elastic deformation, a long-term creep, a time dependent short-term creep and a time independent short-term creep. Evaluation on an actual creep deformation pattern by time passage confirmed these classification. In order to approve a rationality of the proposed model, most coefficients of each components were derived by the microprestresssolidification theory and design codes. Numerical approaches were also used when it was restricted within narrow limits. Finally, the proposed rheolgical model was verified by actual creep test results and compared with common methods.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.4A
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• pp.281-290
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• 2009

In this study, an analysis technique of hybrid girder considering nonlinearity of steel-concrete contact surface is presented. Steel-concrete hybrid girder shows partial-interaction behavior due to the deformation of shear connectors, slip and detachment at the interface, and cracks under the applied loads. Therefore, the partial-interaction approach becomes more reasonable. Contact surface is modeled by interface element and analyzed nonlinearly because of cost of time and effort to detailed model and analysis. Steel and Concrete are modeled considering non-linearity of materials. Material property of contact surface is obtained from push-out test and input to interface element. For the constitutive models, Drucker-Prager and smeared cracking model are used for concrete in compression and tension, respectively, and a von-Mises model is used for steel. This analysis technique is verified by comparing it with test results. Using verified analysis technique, various analyses are performed with different parameters such as nonlinear material property of interface element and prestress. The results are compared with linear analysis result and analysis result with the assumption of full-interaction.