• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.14
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• pp.225-250
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• 1981

The investigation of air fungal population in the storages to keep papers and textiles that are designated as important folk life materials or treasures was carried out from Dec. 17 to. 23, 1980. Isolation media was used for malt extract agar with chloramphnicol to prevent bacterial contamination. Isolation and identification of air fungi from the four preserved rooms were Cladosporium cladosporioides, Alternaria chlamydospora, Aspergillus fumigatus, A. versicolor, Eurotium chevalieri, Penicillium charlesii var. rapidum, P. oxalicum. P. viridicatum, Trichoderma viride, Acremomium sp., Mucor sp. and Yeast. It was found that nine species in eight genera was isolated. Among them, underscribed species in Korea was two species ; Eurotium chevalieri and Penicillium visidicatum. The fungal population of four storages was showed to be dominant species such as Cladosporium cladosporioides and the order was Acremonium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Alternaria and Eurotium. Eurotium chevalieri was ascomycetous fungi including distinctive ascospores in cleistothecia, the filamentous fungi was directly isolated from the papers and cellulose materials showing to be fourteen species in eight genera. The most species of the fungi isolated was also Cladosporium cladosporioides and the other fungi were found as Acremonium, Penicillium, Aspergillus and Trichoderma. It was confirmed that underscribed fungi were two species ; Mucor racemosus and Penicillium spinulosvm. The effect of four antifungal agents, benzoic acid, sorbic acid, dehydroacetic acid and thymol was also examined on eight species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium. and Tricoderma. this results were shown that more than 0.5% concentration of thymol inhibited the grow of all fungalspecies and other three chemicals appeared various inhibition zones of fungal growth depending in their different concentrations.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.283-292
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• 2005

This study investigated the effects of naringin, and chitosan in rabbits' corneas. Naringin, a glycone of naringenin, is a widely distributed bioflavonoid in the grapefruit and citrus peel, and it has already been reported as an antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer agent. It has been used as a food preservatives and cosmetics. One of the natural preservatives, chitosan has also used in food preservatives, health drinks, and teas. Chitosan is distributed in the epithelium of crustacea, insects, and fungi. Naringin and chitosan have no harmful effects of cytotoxicity in the human body and they are recognized as an antibacterial for various forms of bacteria. The purpose of this study is to search for the ideal percentage of natural products to substitute the chemical preservatives occuring within the cornea and conjunctiva cytotoxicity and inflammations as wearing on soft contact lens. The present study compared the morphology of corneal epithelium and endothelium observed by light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In vivo methods, We investigated the effects of natural preservatives on soft contact lens. We inserted 3-4 drops of the naringin and chitosan, directly on rabbits' corneas 4 times per a day during one week. After enucleation of cornea, morphorgical damages of the epithelium and endothelium were observed by LM and TEM. In view of ultrastructure, chitosan caused siginficant damage on the epithelium and endothelium of cornea. The damage of cells was higher in chitosan treated cornea than 0.01, 0.1, and 1% of naringin. The 1% of naringin also expressed cell damage seriously. The results suggest that the most important thing is to use the reasonable percentage of preservatives for contact lens solutions.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.164-172
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• 2012

In this study, samples were collected from Lake Soyang in Kangwon-do in order to isolate novel Flavobacterium sp. strains. Totally, 21 strains of Flavobacterium showing 97%~98% similarity in 16S rRNA were selected and thoroughly investigated individual characteristics and ecological differences. As results, we could categorize Flavobacterium isolated from Lake Soyang into four major node groups, where most of Flavobacterium belonged to single group. Next, fatty acid analyses were performed demonstrating similar pattern of the majority of fatty acids as either iso $C_{15:0}$ or summed feature 3 (comprised $C_{16:1}$ ${\omega}7c$ and/or $C_{16:1}$ ${\omega}6c$) of the other Flavobacterium. However, other phenotypic data were different from the other Flavobacterium sp. Group. Our data showed that genetically related species of Flavobacterium have been distributed in Lake Soyang. Those Flavobacterium strains were phenotypically different from previously reported genus of Flavobacterium species. Taken together, we speculated that isolated Flavobacterium strains from Lake Soyang might be ecologically important members to maintain ecosystem.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.659-663
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• 2010

This research aimed to investigate the quality of conventional salted cabbages. Here, we studied the general characteristics and microbiological aspects of purchased salted cabbage samples from 15 companies. The purchased salted cabbages used a sun-dried salt, but two samples used a mixture of sun-dried salt and processed salt. There were 4 times of washing, 3 steps of washing after automatic washing, and 3 steps of washing after bubble washing as washing methods for the salted cabbages and ground water was used as the washing water. Also, three samples received HACCP certification. The salt contained in the purchased salted cabbages ranged from 0.5% to 2.0%, representing low salted cabbages. The pH of the purchased salted cabbages ranged from 5.32 to 6.47, and hardness ranged from 1,997 g to 3,665 g. Rewashing was necessary before using some salted cabbages due to foreign materials such as insects, soil, etc. Total bacterial counts of the purchased salted cabbages ranged from 3.36 log to 6.06 log and coliform bacteria ranged from below 1 log to 6.05 log, whereas other pathogens were not detected.

• Proceedings of the Speleological Society Conference
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• 1995.09a
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• pp.39-44
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• 1995

$\bigcirc$ 동굴생물은 식물과 동물, 미생물로 크게 구분되지만 태양광선이 완전히 차단된 동굴내 환경에서는 동굴 동물들이 주종을 이루고 있다. $\bigcirc$ 동굴내의 동물에 관한 연구는 1966년 고씨동굴, 용담굴을 시발로 고수굴, 천동굴, 노동굴, 백룡글, 대이굴, 환선굴 등 강원도내에 분포하는 동굴 중 약 30% 정도는 동물을 포함한 생물상이 조사되었다. $\bigcirc$ 강원도의 동굴동물로서 확인된 것은 9강 30목 141종이며 강별로는 곤충강이 9목 50종 주형강이 4목 49종 갑각강이 6목 18종의 순으로 우세하고 목별로는 거미목이 15과 39종, 톡토기목이 7과 20종, 딱정벌레목이 8과 15종으로 우세한 편이다(남, 1987). $\bigcirc$ 동굴생물에 관한 연구는 육상생태계와 격리된 환경에서 생리, 생태적 적응을 통한 종의 분화나 유전, 진화문제를 추구하며 지하생태계와 육상생태계의 생물적인 유연관계 규명에 중요한 분야로 인정되며 아울러 독특한 특성을 지닌 동굴생물의 생존을 위한 방안과 노력이 일부동굴의 개방 및 개발에 앞서 더욱 구체적으로 모색되고 증대되어야 한다. $\bigcirc$ 동굴환경의 주요 특성은 첫째 햇빛에 차단되어 암흑상태이며, 둘째 내부습도가 높고 기온이나 수온의 년중변화가 심하지 않고, 셋째 먹이연쇄에 필수적인 영양공급원이 제한되어 있다. 따라서 광합성작용으로 성장하는 녹색식물은 태양광선이 유입되는 곳이나 인공조명시설 지역을 제외한 곳에서는 서식이 불가능하고 대형동물이나 초식동물은 생존이 어렵다. $\bigcirc$ 동굴내에는 환경에 적응하는 종들만이 서식할 수 있고 이들을 생태적 특성에 따라 세가지로 구분 할 수 있다. 환경적응 요인으로는 광도, 습도, 온도 영양공급원과 섭식장소, 수중생물의 경우는 특히 수온, 수량 영양원등이다.(중략). 본 연구의 접근방법으로는 ASRS의 개념적인 Reference Model을 수립하고 이 Reference Model에 대한 Formal Model로 DEVS(Discrete Event System Specification)을 이용하여 시스템을 Modeling하였다. 이의 Computer Simulation을 위하여 DEVS형식론 환경에서의 Simulation Language인 DEVSim ++ⓒ를 이용하여 시스템을 구현하였다.. 실형 결과로는 먼저 선형 상미분방정식의 예로 mass-damper-spring system, 비선형 상미분방정식의 예로는 van der Pol 방정식, 연립 상미분방정식의 예로는 mixing tank problem 등을 보였으며, 그의 공학에서 일어나는 여러 가지 문제들도 다루었다.화물에 대한 방어력이 증가되어 나타난 결과로 여겨지며, 또한 혈청중의 ALT, ALP 및 LDH활성을 유의성있게 감소시키므로서 감잎 phenolic compounds가 에탄올에 의한 간세포 손상에 대한 해독 및 보호작용이 있는 것으로 사료된다.반적으로 홍삼 제조시 내공의 발생은 제조공정에서 나타나는 경우가 많으며, 내백의 경우는 홍삼으로 가공되면서 발생하는 경우가 있고, 인삼이 성장될 때 부분적인 영양상태의 불충분이나 기후 등에 따른 영향을 받을 수 있기 때문에 앞으로 이에 대한 많은 연구가 이루어져야할 것으로 판단된다.태에도 불구하고 [-wh]의미의 겹의문사는 병렬적 관계의 합성어가 아니라 내부구조를 지니지 않은 단순한 단어(minimal $X^{0}$ elements)로 가정한다. 즉, [+wh] 의미의 겹의문사는 동일한 구성요 소를 지닌 병렬적 합성어([$[W1]_{XO-}$ $[W1]_{XO}$ ]$_{XO}$)로 그리고 [-wh] 의미의 겹의문사는 중복된 발은을 지닌 한 단어로 ([W]$_{XO}$

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.8
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• pp.1236-1241
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• 2013

This study was conduct in order to provide information on formula optimization, salinity, and water content for commercialization of traditional buckwheat Soksungjang. To do this, we determined quality characteristics such as total microbial flora counts, amino-type nitrogen content, total polyphenol content, antioxidant activity, and performed a sensory evaluation. The moisture contents showed a gradual decrease during the fermentation period. There was no significant difference in all samples. During 70 days of fermentation, the pH showed a similar trend starting at a pH of 6, and dropping sharply to 5.5, except Experiment C (15% buckwheat powder in the meju, 10% NaCl, and 130% water in the total Soksungjang). On the other hand, total acidity increased regularly, however, its ranges were various points in all samples. The microbial population was reduced by 1~3 log cycle in all samples during the fermentation period. The content of amino-type nitrogen showed a gradual increase during fermentation, ranging from 160 to 213 mg% after 70 days. No remarkable difference in total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity was observed in all samples. In sensory evaluation, Soksungjang with 30% (control) and 15% (Experiment C) buckwheat showed a significantly higher overall score.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate applicability of Spent Mushroom Media(SMM) as horticultural nursery media. After the mushroom has been harvested, the SMM contains a lot of organic material, different microorganism and high density of mushroom hypha. The pH, phosphate and exchangeable cation concentrations of SMM of Flammulina velutipes were higher than those of any other treatment. The CEC and $NH_4-N$ were the highest in SMM of bottle-cultivated oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). Bacteria and fungi showed the highest density in SMM of Flammulina velutipes. Most dominant bacteria were Microbacterium sp., Rhodococcus sp. and Agrobacterium sp. in SMM of Flammulina velutipes and Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Curtobacterium sp. and Microbacterium sp. in that of Pleurotus eryngii. The SMM contained high density of mushroom hypha that inhibited germination of seed and growth of young seedlings. Therefore, composting process of the SMM is indispensible to decline of vitality of mushroom hypha. The SMM of Flammulina velutipes with 0~30% vermiculite showed high germination rate in red pepper and chinese cabbage seeds. SMM of Pleurotus eryngii with 20% vermiculite showed 100% germination rate in red pepper seeds, but chinese cabbage seeds nearly failed to germinate with 30% vermiculite. The growth of red pepper was increased according to increasing mixture ratio of vermiculite. Accordingly, we concluded that SMM of Flammulina velutipes contained 0~30% of vermiculite can be used to horticultural growth bed for red pepper.

• Proceedings of the KGS Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.99-105
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• 2002

변화의 속도가 느려서 장기지속적인 전체사의 바탕을 형성하고 있는 지리적 환경에 대한 적응결과로서의 지표경관을 도면상에 표현한 고지는 당시대인들의 세계관과 공간인식을 반영하고 있다. 인간을 둘러싼 지리적 환경은 장기적으로 벼하는 구조이다. 장기지속의 구조사는 지리지와 고지도에 잘 표현되어 있다. 지리지와 고지도에 대한 문헌조사와 현지야외답사를 통하여 경관을 구체적으로 분석하고 지역성과 한국전통지역사회의 원형을 파악하고자 한다. 기존의 연구자들에 의하여 정상기의 동국지도, 김정호의 대동여지도, 북방영토인식, 군현지도, 시대상의 복원과 지리환경 인식, 회화의 측면에서 본 고지도, 지명과 영토문제, 서양식 세계지도의 전래과정등의 연구주제들에 대하여 많은 연구가 이루어졌다. 그러나 기왕의 연구는 고지도에 대한 전체적인 현황 파악과 해제, 전체적인 유형 분류, 특정주제에 대한 고지도 이용 등에 초점이 맞추어져 있었고 구체적인 지역사회에 대하여 고지도를 통시대적으로 비교 분석한 연구는 드문 편이다. 사라져가고 있는 전통경관과 자연환경의 영향을 많이 받은 촌락경관이 남아 있는 지역사회경관에 대한 고지도와 지리지를 활용한 연구가 시급하다. 고지도는 옛 지명, 산천, 도로, 역원, 행정구역, 역사적 위치의 파악과 문화경과 복원의 기초자료로서의 의미가 크므로 지역사회 단위의 연구가 필요하다. 19세기 말엽에 편찬된 읍지와 지도는 서양과 일본의 침략으로 변모되기 이전의 한국 각 지역의 모습을 추적하고 복원하는데 긴요한 역사적 자료이다. 현대 한국지역사회의 바탕을 이루고 있는 지난 400년간의 지역변화를 고지도와 지리지.읍지를 통하여 살펴봄으로써 변한 것과 변하지 않는 것을 분석하여 시대상의 복원과 지역사회의 정체성 확립에 일조하고자 한다.곡물의 여러 줄기가 합수하고 물이 역류하지 않으며 잘 감아도는 곳으로 표현할 수 있다 이러한 명당의 기본적인 원리는 장풍(藏風)과 득수득파(得水得破)이다. 장풍과 득수란 '국'(局), 즉 산줄기와 수계로 이루어진 일정한 범위 속에 만물이 생태계 속에서 살아가는 모습인 '체형(體形)'의 의미가 나타나야 한다는 것이다. 그러나 이러한 의미는 시대에 따라 달라질 수 있는 것이다.면적의 52%를 점유하여 감자 재배지의 핵심지를 이룬다. 4. 한국 감자 재배지역 중심지의 지리적 특징은, 높은 산지지역의 산록완사면에 밭작물로 재배된다는 점과 교통이 불편한 지역으로서 도시화와 산업화 지역의 그늘 지역이 대부분이다. 강원도의 감자 재배지는 감자재배에 적합한 자연환경과 화전농업의 전통, 감자 재배기술의 전파, 중앙정부와 지방정부가 지원하는 각종 연구소 분포와 영농지도, 씨감자 생산과 협동조합의 판로 개척, 도로 개설과 포장 등의 인문지리적 요인이 영농조건을 개선하고 감자 판매를 위한 시장접근을 용이하게 하여, 남한 최대의 감자 재배지역을 형성하였다. 제주도는 산지지형과 따뜻한 기온으로 2기작이 가능하고, 감자가공 공장설립과 교통발달에 따른 육지 시장과의 접근이 용이해졌기 때문에 남한에서 2번째로 큰 감자재배지역이 되었다.(요약 및 결론에서 발췌)그람양성균에서 효과적이었으며, 농도별 항균력시험 결과 농도가 증가할수록 비례하여 저해율도 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 첨가농도를 달리하여 미생물의 생육도를 측정한 결과, fraction II磎꼭\ulcorner경우 그람양성균에 대해 500 ppm 이상에서 뚜렷한 증식억제효과를 나타내었다.서 뚜렷한 증식억제효과를 나타내었다.min/+}$계 수컷 이형접합체 형질전환 마우스에 AIN-76A 정제사료만을 투

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.355-362
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• 2014

Changes of soil properties due to sedimentation and erosion in the river estuary may lead changes in environmental factors that affect plant growth and distribution, Then habitats in the river estuary that provide various ecological functions can also be influenced. Topsoil samples were analyzed in order to understand the soil properties of important barrier islands and habitat types in the Nakdong river estuary. The samples were obtained from Phragmites communis and Scirpus planiculmis habitats, the tidal flats in the southern area of Eulsukdo, and in Mangeummerydeung, Baekhapdeung, and Doyodeung. Analyses results showed that bulk density, pH, organic matter content and total nitrogen concentration which were directly or indirectly affected by vegetation showed significant difference (p<0.05) with habitat types but no differences in water content and oxidation reduction potential which could be affected by soil texture and showed significant difference among barrier islands. Results suggested that soil properties on barrier islands in the Nakdong river estuary were influenced first by geomorphic changes due to sedimentation and erosion, and then by the presence or type of vegetation. A range of physical and chemical properties were analyzed; soil water content and bulk density (physical properties), and organic content and pH (chemical properties) were correlated with seven other soil properties, at a level of significance higher than 90%. These aspects played an important role in determining overall soil properties in the studied area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.111-116
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• 2007

We examined the antimicrobial activity of electrolyzed alkaline water against spoilage microorganisms in rice warehouses. Dominant microbial species were isolated from paddy, dust and air samples of three different warehouses located in Gyeongnam. We used electrolyzed alkaline water (EW) manufactured over various treatment times. The acidities (pH) of EW treated for 30 sec, 1, 2, 3, and 4 min were 8.89, 8.91, 9.20, 9.35, and 9.22, respectively. HClO contents were 150.7, 314.2, 191.8, 104.1, and 255.3 ppm, respectively. EW inhibited bacteria, yeasts, and molds; also, it inhibited three yeast species strongly. The antimicrobial effects of EW increased as pH values and HClO contents increased. EW obtained after 30 sec treatment retained the antimicrobial activities after 14 days whereas EW obtained after 1 and 2 min treatments retained the antimicrobial activities after 21 and 24 days, respectively.