• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.296-296
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• 2009

국제기준(Codex)에 부합하는 유기농산물의 생산을 위해서는 저항성 품종의 유기종자 사용을 원칙으로 규정하고 있으나, 현재까지 우리나라의 경우는 찰옥수수 등 주요 식량작물에 대한 유기채종기술이 거의 전무한 실정이다. 본 연구는 찰옥수수 유기채종기술 확립을 위한 기초 자료로 이용하고자 찰옥수수 유기 채종에 따른 파종기별 생육 및 수량특성에 대하여 검토하였다. 유기종자 생산을 위한 채종시험은 홍천군 남면에 위치한 농가 유기포장에서 수행되었으며, 시험품종은 옥수수시험장에서 육성 보급되고 있는 미백2호 및 미흑찰 원종종자를 이용하였다. 파종기는 4월 16일, 5월 4일, 5월 27일 등 3처리로 구분하여 모 부본 동시파종 하였다. 재식밀도는 80${\times}$25cm로 하여 점파하였고 모 부본의 재식비율은 2:1로 웅주간파 하였다. 잡초방제는 흑색 P.E. Film으로 멀칭 재배하였고, 유기질비료는 H사에서 생산된 혼합유박비료를 전량 기비로 시용하였다. 파종기별 출사일수는 미백2호의 경우 4월 파종에서 79일로 가장 길었고, 파종 시기가 늦을수록 출사일수는 짧아지는 경향을 보였다. 미흑찰의 경우에는 미백2호의 결과와 같은 경향으로 파종시기가 늦을수록 출사일수가 빨라지는 경향을 보였으며, 간장 및 착수고 또한 미백2호와 미흑찰 모두 4월 파종에서 가장 높았고, 파종기가 늦을수록 낮아지는 경향이었다. 이삭특성에 있어서 이삭장과 착립장은 미백2호 및 미흑찰 모두 4월 중순 및 5월 상순 파종간에 큰 차이가 없었으나, 5월 하순 파종에서 현저하게 짧아지는 경향을 보였다. 발아율의 경우 미백2호는 4월 중순 및 5월 상순 파종에서, 미흑찰은 5월 상순 파종에서 높게 나타났다. 종실중과 100립중은 미백2호 및 미흑찰 모두 4월 중순과 5월 상순 파종간에 큰 차이가 없었고, 5월 하순 파종에서 현저하게 감소하였다. 10a당 채종수량은 미백2호의 경우 4월 상순 파종에서 217㎏으로 가장 높았고, 미흑찰은 5월 상순 파종에서 164kg/10a으로 가장 많았으며, 두 품종 모두 5월 하순 파종에서 채종수량의 뚜렷한 감소가 나타났다. 따라서 찰옥수수 유기종자의 안정적 채종과 정상수량 확보를 위해서 미백2호는 4월 중순 파종시에 그리고 미흑찰은 5월 상순 파종시에 채종 안전성이 가장 우수한 것으로 판단되었고, 또한 채종수량에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 1개 이삭당 종실중과 100립중도 크게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.329-336
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• 2016

Occurrence of oriental corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis, and yield in a paddy-upland rotation field for 8 maize (Eolrukchal 1, Heugjeom 2, Miheukchal, Ilmichal, Heukjinjuchal, Chalok 4, Mibaek 2, Daehakchal) and 7 sorghum (Hwanggeumchal, Anzunbaengisusu, Moktaksusu, Sodamchal, DS-202, Nampungchal, Donganme) varieties has been surveyed. In a monitoring study using a pheromone trap carried out from 15 May to 10 September, the density of O. furnacalis adults increased rapidly from about 2 weeks after maize planting and reached the highest density at mid June. After that, their density was fluctuated a little at earlier September. The number of the damaged maize and invasive pores on the stem of 2 maizes and sorghum varieties was examined. The mean number of the damaged maize per 20 plants was 19 and 18 plants, and the number of invasive pores was 1.8 and 1.4 per maize stem in Daehakchal and Mibaek 2, respectively. In a survey carried out at harvest period using 8 maize varieties, the damaged ratio was 94%, 92%, 71%, 64%, 54%, 52%, and 45% in Daehakchal, Mibaek 2, Ilmichal, Eolrukchal 1, Chalok 4, Miheukchal, and Heugjeom 2, respectively. The number of invasive pore per Ilmichal stem was 1.4 and that of the others was less than 1.0 per stem. In addition, the damaged ratio of maize ears was 50% in Ilmichal, 40% in Heukjinjuchal, 37% in Daehakchal, etc. The damage pattern of 2 sorghum varieties, Nampungchal and Donganme, by O. furnacalis larvae was steeply increased from planting to 2 months and the trend was continued up to earlier August. At this time, the mean number of damaged sorghum was 13 and 9.2 plants for Nampungchal and Donganme, and the number of invasive stem pores was 1.06 and 0.46, respectively. In another survey carried out at harvest period for 7 sorghum varieties, their damaged ratio was 95% in DS-202, 76% in Moktaksusu, 75% in Sodamchal, 67% in Nampungchal, 57% in Anzunbaengisusu, 46% in Donganme, and 34% in Hwanggeumchal. The damage of sorghum varieties was much higher and severer than that of maizes by O. furnacalis larvae. The number of invasive pores on a sorghum stem was 1.7 in DS-202, 1.4 in Moktaksusu, 1.3 in Sodamchal, 1.1 in Nampungchal, 1.0 in Anzunbaengisusu, 0.5 in Donganme, and 0.4 in Hwanggeumchal. Meanwhile, there was no distinct connection between damaging results and yields of maizes and sorghums by O. furnacalis larvae in a paddy-upland rotation field. These results from this study can be applicable for the establishment of a management strategy to control Oriental corn borer in paddy-upland rotation fields for maize and sorghum.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.292-292
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• 2009

본 연구는 유기종자 안전 생산기술 개발을 위한 효과적인 병해충 제어를 위해 대표적인 찰옥수수 품종인 미백2호와 흑미찰을 대상으로 병?해충 발생양상을 조사하였다. 2008년 유기농 찰옥수수 종자 생산지의 우점 비산포자의 종류 중Alternaria sp., Cladosporium sp., 및 Helminthosoprium sp.,은전 생육기간에 관찰되었다. 또한종자로부터 신초 출현 전후로 종자가 발아하지 않고 부패하거나 유묘의 시들음 증상, 심하면 고사하는 증상과 거세미나방에 의해 지재부가 절단된 전형적인 피해를 관찰할 수 있었고 발병주율은 14~6% 미만이었다. 특히, 포장내 조명나방 발생밀도는 2008년 트랩당 3.5~0.5 마리로 높게 나타났으며, 2009년 트랩당 0.5~6마리로 낮게 나타났다. 또한 피해주율은 2008년은 7.5(미백2호)~21(미흑찰)%였으며, 2009년은 1~46%로 매년 높은 피해주율을 보였으며 수확기까지 지속적으로 증가하였다. 옥수수잎마름병 (Leaf blight)의 발생 양상은 2008년도에 7%(미흑찰)~34%(미백2호)로 높게 나타났으며, 2009년은 6월18일 이후 초발생하여 발병주율이 8월 21일 (59%, 미흑찰)이후 급격히 증가하여 9월 25일이는 미흑찰 (69%)의 발병주율이 미백2호 (56%)보다 높게 나타났다. 옥수수깜부기병(Common Smut)의 발생 양상은 2008년도에 20주 중 2%~15%의 발병주율을 보였으며, 2009년은 초발생 시기가 7월17일로 2008년에 비해 17일 정도 늦추어졌으며 발병주율도 8% 미만 (9월 25일)으로 2008년에 비해 아주 낮게 나타났다. 옥수수깨씨무늬병 (Southern Leaf Spot)의 발생 양상은 2008년 20주 중 초기에 평균 11%(미흑찰)에서 증가하여 9월 19일 조사시에는 두 품종 모두 62%로 높게 나타났다. 2009년은 6월8일 이후 초발생하였으며 9월 25일까지 지속적 발병하여 약 86%의 발병 주율을 보였고 2008년에 비해 24% 이상 발병주율이 높았다.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

The present study aimed to evaluate the validity of resin infiltration in improving color stability after tooth whitening. Enamel samples were extracted from 40 healthy bovine upper incisors, and primary staining and whitening were performed. After that, specimens were randomly divided into 3 groups : resin infiltration group (n = 15, RI group), resin adhesive group (n = 15, RA group), and control group (n = 10). Secondary staining was performed on all samples. Coloration was assessed 5 times as follows: initial color, immediately after staining, after whitening, after resin application, and after secondary staining. Color was measured using a spectrophotometer and recorded by using the CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ color space. The color changes after primary staining for the RI, RA, and control groups were $12.16{\pm}3.50$, $12.16{\pm}3.38$, and $15.81{\pm}6.39$, whereas those after secondary staining were $15.21{\pm}7.19$, $15.93{\pm}4.31$, and $26.62{\pm}17.89$. Color changes after secondary staining showed a significant difference between the RI and control groups. In the within-group comparison between primary and secondary staining, there was no significant difference found in the RI group only (p = 0.26). The results suggest that Color stability after tooth whitening can be improved using resin infiltration.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.269-277
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• 2019

It is important to determine sowing date as it decisively affects the quality as well as quantity of waxy corn. In the central northern area of Korea, optimum sowing date of waxy corn is May and requires about 20-26 reproductive growth days from silking date to harvest. We determined adaptable sowing date of waxy corn varieties using growing degree days (GDDs), especially in the central northern area. Earlier sowing required many more emergence days owing to the low temperature. All waxy corn varieties required about 16~22 emergence days when sown in April. Otherwise, less than 15 emergence days were needed for sowing from May to August. Sowing dates to maximize ear yield of waxy corns were different depending on the eco-types of corn varieties as well as GDDs during the growth period. Early maturity type Mibaek2' showed the highest ear yield at the May $15^{th}$ sowing date. Middle maturity 'Iimichal' and late maturity 'Chalok4' showed the highest ear yield at the May $25^{th}$ and June $5^{th}$ sowing dates, respectively. GDDs of 26 days after silking was an index to determine the highest yield sowing date of 'Mibaek2'. The total GDDs from sowing to harvest and to silking were other indexes to determine the highest yield sowing date of 'Ilmichal' and 'Chalok4', respectively. Generally, it required about $2,400^{\circ}C$ GDDs from sowing date to maturity and at least 65 days of silking date from sowing to obtain about 1,200kg of ear yield of waxy corn in the central northern area of the Korean peninsula. The results of the study will be helpful for corn farmhouses to determine optimum sowing date of waxy corn in the central northern area of Korea.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2010

Juglans mandshurica belongs to the family Juglandaceae is known to contain a wide range of pharmacological activities including anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, astringent, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1). Melanogenesis refers to the biosynthesis of melanin pigment in melanocytes. In this study, to investigate the whitening activity of the extracts from Juglans mandshurica, we measured effects on a tyrosinase activity, a melanogenesis, and a tyrosinase synthesis in the B16/BL6 melanoma cells and an antioxidant activity. The extracts significantly scavenged a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and a superoxide anion radicals in a dose-dependent manner with a $SC_{50}$ value of $20\;{\mu}g/mL$ and $25\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Also, the tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis were significantly inhibited by the extracts. Furthermore, the synthesis of tyrosinase protein was significantly decreased by the extracts in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Double blind study on the clinical efficacy of a cream containing 2% of the extracts showed that the extracts have a significant skin whitening effect. Therefore, this study demonstrates that the extracts from Juglans mandshurica may be useful as a potential agent for skin whitening.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.169-173
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• 2004

The Rhodiola Sachalinensis 5 g were mixed and extracted with methanol 150 $m\ell$ at the room temperature for 12 h. The effluents were collected and grouped into the two. Un this experimental condition, the mobile phase composition were linearly changed as follows; water/methanol : 90/10 - 30/70 (vol. %, for 5 min), 30/70 - 10/90 (vol. %, for 15 min) and an analytical column (3.9 ${\times}$ 25 em, 15 $\mu\textrm{m}$ particle size, and 300 ${\AA}$ pore size) was utilized. The performance of the extracted Rhodiola Sachalinensis as a whitening agent was not favorable, so it classifies the Rhodiola Sachalinensis extractions with two fractions and collects each fraction for whitening agent assay. For the in-vivo melanin production ratio assay that used melanin-a cell in 10 ppm concentration, it was 58.6%, the first fraction of the effluents collected between 1.0 and 4.0 min, while it was 60％ between 10.4 and 17.6 min for the second fraction, which were more efficient than that of arbutin, 45.6%.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.123-134
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• 2022

In this study, the whitening and antioxidant effects of the extracts from Hydrangea petiolaris (H. petiolaris) leaves was confirmed, and the chemical structure was identified by separating the active ingredients. In the whitening tests using α-MSH stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells, the n-hexane (Hex) fraction inhibited the cellular melanogenesis and intracellular tyrosinase activities without causing cell toxicity. In addition, the Hex fraction reduced expression of tyrosinase and TRP-2 protein. Upon the anti-oxidative studies by DPPH and ABTS⁺ radicals, potent radical scavenging activities were observed in the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction. Also, for the cellular protective effects on HaCat keratinocytes damaged by H₂O₂, the EtOAc fraction indicated protective effects against oxidative stress. Eight phytochemicals were isolated from the extract of H. petiolaris leaves; ethyl linoleate (1), ethyl linolenate (2), 1-linoleoyl glycerol (3), 1-linolenoyl glycerol (4), epi-catechin (5), afzelin (6), quercitrin (7), hyperin (8). Among the isolates, the compounds 5 - 8 showed DPPH and ABTS⁺ radical scavenging activities. The contents of quercitirin, a major isolated in this extract, determined by HPLC analysis were confirmed to be about 31.3 mg/g for the 70% ethanol extract and 169.8 mg/g for the EtOAc fraction. Based on these results, it was suggested that the extract from H. petiolaris leaves could be potentially applicable as whitening and anti-oxidative ingredients in cosmetic formulations.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 2016

Purpose: Gingival whitening is one of dental treatment purposes which is close to treating aesthetic disorders. Initial gingival whitening treatment was done by dermabrasion using a high power Diode Laser. However, this treatment method cannot be free from any infection or pain after the treatment. Therefore, we have decided to progress gingival whitening treatment using a low power LED laser. Materials and Methods: The laser was irradiated on pork meat then the safety of output power, temperature change and skin denaturalization was measured. Bison 365 nm LED laser was irradiated on oral mucosal pigment of a 15 - 20 kg beagle for 15 min for 1 - 2 weeks, one or two times each. Any pigment loss was checked through Hematoxyline-Eosin staining. Results: The melanin pigments at the area of 365 nm LED Laser irradiation were decreased. Conclusion: The 365 nm LED Laser proposed in this study is considered to compensate the bleaching effect achieved by either using Diode laser or surgical methods.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2017

In this study, we investigated whitening and anti-inflammatory constituents from a watermelon (Citrullus lanatus, C. lanatus) vines (leaves and stems). As anti-melanogenesis and anti-inflammatory activities were screened for the ethanol extract and solvent fractions, n-hexane (n-Hex) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fractions showed the most potent activities. Three constituents were isolated from the n-Hex and EtOAc fractions of C. lanatus; ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid (1), sigmast-7-en-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (2), 1-feruloyl-${\beta}$-D-glucopyrinoside (3). The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated based on the spectroscopic data including $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR spectra, as well as comparison of the data to the literature values. Whitening and anti-inflammatory effects were studied for the isolated compounds. Upon the anti-melanogenesis tests using ${\alpha}-MSH$ stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells, the compounds 1 and 3 inhibited the cellular melanogenesis and intracellular tyrosinase activities effectively. For the anti-inflammation tests using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells, the isolates 1 and 3 were determined to decrease the production of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines ($TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6). Based on these results, C. lanatus vines extract could be potentially applicable as whitening and anti-inflammatory ingredients in cosmetic formulations.