• KIEAE Journal
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.55-62
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• 2002

While cognition about an environment pollution becomes important recently, the intense pollution measures about an indoor air environment is required. In the case of building indoor environment, over 80% of modem people is living in building and these days an interest of building interior materials which becomes a reason for indoor environmental pollution in public house, office, is increasing. An experimental measurement method of this study is as follows. (1) American EPA TO-17, ASTMD5116-97, measurement method in VOCs experiment of Japanese closet industrial association (2) 2.4-DNPH cartridge method in HCHO experiment, based on American EPA TO-11 and measurement method of Japanese closet industrial association (3) standard compound is analyzed by using HPLC after solvent extraction process (4) paint and furniture are selected as measurement objects (5) we also made small chamber to grasp an emission characteristic of HCHO and VOCs and to get an environment-amicable forecast model through it, then we developed the model which can forecast emission rate by chamber experiment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.202-211
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• 2011

In this study the seasonal and spatial pattern of mercury (Hg) concentrations in multimedia environments were investigated in Lake So-Yang. Total mercury (TM) in water column greatly enhanced as turbidity and particulate organic carbon (POC) increased due to the severe runoff, suggesting that most of Hg existed as particulate Hg in Lake Soyang. We also collected 22 species of fish in Lake Soyang and Han River, and the average total mercury in fish was 0.073 ppm, lower than both Korean (0.5 ppm) and EPA criteria (0.3 ppm). However when considering the amount of fish intake for Korean the Hg criterion in fish must be more stringent than current value, and the advisory for fish consumption should be made. Hg in fish considerably varied with sampling sites, having the highest in the upper region (Yang-gu) and the lowest in downstream (Han River). This spatial variation was possibly derived by "bloom dilution" associated with high phosphorus loading or elevated DOC concentrations, or both. Total mercury in sediment varied from 69.9 to $98.3{\mu}g/kg$, which was relatively lower than those measured in Voyageurs National Park in Minnesota in USA ($102{\sim}364{\mu}g/kg$).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.871-877
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• 1995

Dietary intake and oncogenic risk of 12 pesticides used in Korea whose oncogenic potency was known were assessed from published data. Dietary oncogenic risk (excess tumor incidence for a 70-year human life span) for Korean population was estimated to be $2.17{\times}10^{-3}$ on the basis of legal maximum residue limit, $4.33{\times}10^5$ on the basis of maximum practical residue level and $5.10{\times}10^{-6}$ on the basis of mean practical residue level of examined pesticides, all of which exceeded the negligible risk standard $1{\times}10^{-6}$ of US EPA. A systematic follow-up study on those oncogenic pesticides should be undertaken in order to mitigate the people's worry about the cancer risk by the abuse of pesticides in food production.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1237-1242
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• 2022

Fugitive dust, which accounts more than 50% of fine dust, is an air pollutant, that is generated by a lot in construction work(29.5%) and the law provides standards for facility installation and measures to control this. However, small-scale construction sites are not subject to management standards, and the law to measure and manage fugitive dust generated from construction sites is insufficient. In this paper, we designed and implemented the method to easily measure and monitor fugitive dust using the digital optical method for turbidity of dust. We presented the method to measure the turbidity of fugitive dust using the digital optical method and measured the actual turbidity of fugitive dust at the construction sites after implementing the fugitive dust measurement system.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.333-342
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• 2022

Due to climate change, increased heavy rainfalls result in flood damage every year. To investigate the storm-runoff reduction effects of Low Impact Development (LID), this study performed runoff analyses using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) for past and future representative storm events of the Yongdu Rainwater Pumping Station basin. As a result, the infiltration loss for representative future rainfalls increased by 3.17 %, and the surface runoff and peak runoff rate increased significantly by 32.50 %, and 128.77 %, respectively. To reduce the increased surface runoff and peak runoff rates, this study investigated the applicability of LID approaches, including a permeable pavement, green roof, and rain garden, by adjusting the LID parameters and the ratio of installation area. We identified the ranges of LID parameters that decreased peak runoff rate and surface runoff, and increased infiltration. In addition, when the application ratio of permeable pavement, green roof, and rain garden was 2:1:3, best performance was attained, leading to a reduction of peak runoff of 26.85 %, infiltration loss 12.01 %, surface runoff 15.11 %, and storage 509.47 %. Based on analyzing the effect of storm runoff reductions for various return periods, it was found that as the return period increased, the proportion of peak runoff and surface runoff increased and the proportion of infiltration loss and storage decreased.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.9-22
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• 2012

Though geologic storage of $CO_2$ (GS) is considered as an attractive technological option to enormously reduce greenhouse gases emission into the atmosphere, many concerns on potential environmental and health risks associated with $CO_2$ leakage have been raised. In particular, groundwater contamination due to the brine displacement by a pressure build-up and the acidification by leaked $CO_2$ is paid a special attention. Therefore, integrated regulatory frameworks have been established by law in many countries to secure the permanent containment of injected $CO_2$. Regulatory frameworks deal with entire processes of GS, including site selection, monitoring and post-closure environmental management. This review paper provides a summary of regulatory frameworks in USA (U.S. EPA Geologic Sequestration Rule) and EU (Geologic $CO_2$ Sequestration Directive). The regulatory framework to properly address environmental issues should be established for the deployment of CCS projects in Korea.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.375-387
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• 2012

The objective of this study is investigation of contamination levels and assessment of health risk effects of heavy metals in herbal pills. 31 Items and 93 samples were obtained for this investigation from major herbal medicine producing areas, herbal markets and on-line supermarkets from Jan to Jun in 2010. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer method was conducted for the quantitative analysis of Pb, Cd and As. In addition, the mercury analyzer system was conducted for that of Hg without sample digestion. The average contents of heavy metals in samples were as follows : 0.87 mg/kg for Pb, 0.08 mg/kg for Cd, 2.87 mg/kg for As and 0.16 mg/kg for Hg, respectively. In addition, the average contents of heavy metals in different parts of plants, including cortex, fructus, herba, radix, seed, algae and others were 0.63 mg/kg, 3.94 mg/kg, 1.42 mg/kg, 1.05 mg/kg, 0.16 mg/kg, 22.31 mg/kg and 10.17 mg/kg, respectively. After the estimations of dietary exposure, the acceptable daily intake (ADI), the average daily dose (ADD), the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) and the relative hazard of heavy metals were evaluated. As the results, the relative hazards compared to PTWI in samples were below the recommended standard of JECFA as Pb 3.1%, Cd 0.9%, Hg 0.5%. Cancer risks through slope factor (SF) by Ministry of Environment Republic Korea and Environmental Protection Agency was $4.24{\times}10^{-7}$ for Pb and $3.38{\times}10^{-4}$ for As (assuming that the total arsenic content was equal to the inorganic arsenic). Based on our results, possible Pb-induced cancer risks in herbal pills according to parts used including cortex, fructus, herba, radix, seed, algae and others were $1.95{\times}10^{-7}$, $1.45{\times}10^{-6}$, $2.14{\times}10^{-7}$, $6.27{\times}10^{-7}$, $1.99{\times}10^{-8}$, $3.61{\times}10^{-7}$ and $9.64{\times}10^{-8}$, respectively. Possible As-induced cancer risks in herbal pills by parts used including cortex, fructus, herba, radix, seed, algae and others were $1.54{\times}10^{-5}$, $7.24{\times}10^{-5}$, $1.23{\times}10^{-4}$, $2.02{\times}10^{-5}$, $3.25{\times}10^{-6}$, $2.18{\times}10^{-3}$ and $5.67{\times}10^{-6}$ respectively. Taken together, these results indicate that the majority of samples except for some samples with relative high contents of heavy metals were safe.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.210-216
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• 2006

The concentrations of 16 priority PAHs (US EPA standard) were analyzed in the surface sediments obtained from 23 sampling sites near Kwangyang Bay in Korea. There was a local variability in the total PAHs ranged from 0.01 to 171.39 mg/kg, with a mean value of $8.13{\pm}24.8mg/kg$. The major pollution sources of PAHs near Kwanyang Bay were Taeindo, Sueo stream and Wallae stream, whose concentrations were 114.81, 38.37 mg/kg and 19.05 mg/kg, respectively. It showed that PAHs concentrations were increased with the decrease of particle size and with the increase of organic carbon contents in three fractioned sediments. From the analysis of PAHs source using LMW/HMW, Phe/Ant, and Fla/Pyr, pyrolysis by-products were mostly showed in Kwangyang Bay and some place showed the mixure of pyrolysis by-products, and crude oil by-products. Besides, the toxic effects assessment on benthic ecosystem for three major pollution sources showed that the PAHs concentration of Taindo which was mainly accumulated with carcinogenic PAHs exceeds ERM value and the PAHs of Sueo and Wallae streams are the degree of ERL value.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.48-58
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• 2003

The effects of physico-chemical properties of soils on PCBs analysis in Korea was studied Three kinds of extraction solvents(toluene, acetone:hexane, dichloromethane) was selected to apply three different soils. The silicagel, florisil and alumina column cleanup also performed to compare the elution patterns, and three different methods (EPA, Japan, Proposed method in this study) of 62 PCBs also compared the individual peaks recoveries. The solvent average recovery was surveyed the order of toluene, acetone:hexane, dichloromethane as 77.94%, 58.59%, 54.20% for soil A, 53.65%, 80.32%, 68.27% for soil B and 44.52%, 60.35%, 56.36% for soil C, respectively. The average recovery was depended on the soil characters. The highest recoveries of each soil were obtained the toluene for soil A, acetone:hexane for soil B and C. However, the coplanar PCBs was obtained the highest recovery with dichloromethane. Thus, to select the solvent for the analysis of PCBs in solid, the selected compounds have to consider to get good result. The silicagel, florisil, alumina I and alumina II column cleanup process were surveyed the range of 38.73%~98.26%, and the higher chlorinated compounds was obtained the lower recovery compared to the low chlorinated compounds, generally. This results are also consistent with the coplanar PCBs isomers. The compared results of three different countries were obtained the 37.15% for USA, 45.92% for Japan and 44.46% for proposed method in this study.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.3 s.113
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• pp.341-351
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• 2005

Ecological stream health, based on the index of biological integrity (IBI) , was evaluated at five sampling locations of Youdeung Stream during August-October 2004. For the study, we also analyzed spatial and temporal patterns of conventional water quality over tine period of 1995 ${\sim}$ 2004, using the water chemistry dataset, obtained from the Ministry of Environment, Korea. The water quality parameters used here were conductivity, total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand $(BOD_5)$, chemical oxygen demand $(COD_{mn})$, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP). The multi-metric model values averaged 27.8 in the stream and ranged 24 ${\sim}$ 32. The health condition was judged as 'Fair' to 'Poor' conditions, according to the stream health criteria of US EPA (1993). Longitudinal variation occurred from the upstream to downstream reach; largest differences in all water quality variables occurred between Site 5 and the other sites. This was mainly attributed to the impacts of wastewater treatment plants near the locations. Also, relative proportions of tolerance and omnivore species increased in downstream reaches. The model values, however, did not match the values, based on water quality parameters. We assume that this may be associated with primarily reduced water volumn during dry season in the stream along with modified physical habitat conditions.