• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.1-25
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• 2017

This is a comparative and analytical study which comprises of the analysis of the rules of the seller's liability for non-conforming goods of four legal systems under the CISG and the CESL. A purpose of this study is to examine all the rules as to, first, the concept and the nature of the seller's duty to deliver the goods in conformity with the contract, second, the contents of the seller's duty to deliver the goods in conformity with the contract, third, the time when the goods must be in conformity with the contract and the cases where the seller is exempted from his liability for non-conforming goods. Another purpose is to compare the rules of the CISG with those of the CESL, and to evaluate them in light of the discipline of comparative law. This is for the purpose of facilitating the systematic development and reform of one jurisdiction by any solution from the other jurisdiction found by the comparative study. In addition, this study provides legal and practical advice to the contracting parties when they intend to use one of those regimes in their contract as a governing law.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.51
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• pp.79-99
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• 2011

This study describes the seller's duty to deliver the goods in conformity with the contract. The purpose of this study is twofold: to analyze the seller's principal duty, comparing the United Nations Convention on the International Sale of Goods(CISG) with Sale of Goods Act(SGA) and to provide legal and practical advice to contracting parties who consider CISG or SGA as a governing law. This paper first considers the requirements for the conformity with the contract, which means contractual requirements agreed between parties and implied requirements not agreed between parties. Following this, the exclusion of the seller's duty to deliver the goods required by the contract is described. Finally, this paper ends up giving contracting parties legal and practical advice.

• Journal of the Korea society of information convergence
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2008

This research analyzes the weaknesses of domestic spectacle industry and applies RFID, which is a wireless-based automated sensering technology, as an alternative scheme. As a first step to explain RFID and apply it to spectacle industry, it presents the middleware that will process compiled information, sensering items along with suitable tags for them, and through inventory controlling and GPS service, it's goal is to achieve an embodiment of integrated system for spectacle industry by maximizing work efficiency.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2011

The ultimate purpose of this study is to improve the irrational system related to flame retardant coating performance test of field flame retardant coating articles and to secure the reliability of flame retardant coating through rational flame retardant coating test. To achieve this, the analysis was conducted on the interior finishing materials used in the interior fields and the trends of recent field flame retardant coating, based on the results of flame retardant coating performance test of field flame retardant coating articles which the first-line fire stations have recently conducted. And I attempted to present the methods of field flame retardant coating performance test suitable to current realities and the ways of improvement for securing reliability by analyzing the problems with the methods and procedures of field flame retardant coating articles and the registration system of flame retardant coating business.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.28-32
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• 2000

인터넷의 대중화와 더불어 전자상거래에 대한 관심과 중요성이 더욱 증대되고 있다. 전자상거래에서 보다 많은 고객들을 유치하기 위해서는 거래의 안정성 보장, 시스템의 사용 편의성, 다양한 물품의 제공, 저렴한 가격 등과 함께 차별화된 고객 서비스 전략이 필요하다. 고객의 취향에 적합한 상품 정보를 제공함으로써 고객의 만족도를 증진시키고 나아가 지속적인 방문을 유도하고자 한다. 본 논문에서는 고객이 전자상거래 쇼핑몰을 방문시 고객별로 관리되는 선호도를 활용하여 고객의 취향에 적합한 상품 정보를 제공한다. 퍼지논리를 이용하여 제품군간에 근접도를 반영함으로서 사용자에게 보다 좋은 상품 정보를 제공하는 기법을 제안한다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 2001

인터넷의 대중화와 더불어 전자상거래에 대한 관심과 중요성이 더욱 증대되고 있다. 전자상거래에서 보다 많은 고객들을 유치하기 위해서는 거래의 안정성 보장, 시스템의 사용 편의성, 다양한 물품의 제공, 저렴한 가격 등과 함께 차별화된 고객 서비스 전략이 필요하다. 고객의 취향에 적합한 상품 정보를 제공함으로써 고객의 만족도를 증진시키고 나아가 지속적인 방문을 유도하고자 한다. 본 논문에서는 고객이 전자상거래 쇼핑몰을 방문 시 고객별로 관리되는 선호도를 활용하여 고객의 취향에 적합한 상품 정보를 제공한다. 퍼지논리를 이용하여 제품군간에 근접도를 반영함으로써 사용자에게 보다 좋은 상품 정보를 제공하는 기법을 제안한다.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.58
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• pp.35-58
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• 2013

In Mash & Murrell, Diplock J said that "there is an implied warranty not merely that they shall be merchantable at the time they are put on the vessel, but that they shall be in such a state that they can endure the normal journey and be in a merchantable condition upon arrival." But in The Mercini Lady, Field J said that "the goods would be of satisfactory quality not only when the goods were delivered on to the vessel but also for a reasonable time thereafter." and "The proposed conditions were not excluded by clause 18. ${\cdots}$ clause 18 was not to be construed as extending to conditions ${\cdots}$". In relation to the problems on validity of the goods conformity clauses in FOB contracts, when considering Lord Wright's comments ("${\cdots}$ hence apt and precise words must be used to exclude it: the words guarantee or warranty are not sufficiently clear.") in Cammell Laird & Co Ltd v Manganese Bronze and Brass, FOB contracts are fundamentally one that seller's duty to deliver the goods is completing at the port of shipment and "principle of party autonomy" in Contract Law, I do not think that the terms implied by section 14 of the SGA and Common Law cannot absolutely excluded by the goods conformity clauses in sale contracts. Therefore, in order to exclude the implied terms, the parties must very clearly spell out this in the relevant clauses.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2002.04b
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• pp.1265-1268
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• 2002

최근에 전자상거래가 보편화되면서 전자경매를 통한 거래가 급증하고 있다. 그러나, 기존 전자경매시스템들은 낙찰 예정가를 판매자에게만 의존하고 있어 물품의 낙찰가가 낮게 결정되거나 유찰되는 경우가 많다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하고자 판매자에게 가장 적절한 낙찰 예정가를 자동으로 추천하는 XML기반의 경매 시스템을 구현하였다. 이 시스템은 과거의 경매 기록과 인터넷 전자상거래 사이트의 가격 정보로부터 사례 유사도를 적용하여 적합한 예정가를 자동으로 생성하므로 유찰을 줄이고 물품에 대한 낮은 평가를 방지할 수 있다. 또한 이 시스템은 최근의 웹 표준 기술들인 XML스키마, XSL, DOM 등을 이용하였으므로 기존의 시스템들에 비하여 표준화와 확장성의 측면에서 장점을 갖는다.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.66
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• pp.25-46
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to provide a legal implication about conformity of goods in the international commercial transactions. There are so many legal relationship after the formation of contract. The most of important thing among the obligations of seller is to provide conformal goods which are of quantity, quality and description required by the contract and which are contained or packaged in the manner required by the contract. If seller violate above duties, seller take the warranty liability. However, CISG describe the conformity of the goods instead of the warranty as follows. First, CISG Art.35(1) states standards for determining whether goods delivered by the seller conform to the contract and Art.35(2) describes standards relating to the goods' quality, function and packaging that, while not mandatory, are presumed to be a part of sales contracts. Article 35(2) is comprised of four subparts. Two of the subparts (article 35(2) (a) and article 35(2)(d)) apply to all contracts unless the parties have agreed otherwise. Second, CISG Art.36 and 38 deals with the time at which a lack of conformity in the goods must have arisen in order for the seller to be liable for it. If seller lack of conformity becomes apparent only after that time, seller is liable for a lack of conformity existing when risk passed to the buyer. Third, CISG Art.49 describe that a buyer who claims that delivered goods do not conform to the contract has an obligation to give the seller notice of the lack of conformity. The most of important things about CISG articles and precedents is that buyer is aware of the lack of conformity and notice it to seller. Failure to satisfy the notice requirements of article 39 eliminates a buyer's defence, based on a lack of conformity in delivered goods, to a seller's claim for payment of the price. Consequently, parties of contract had better agree to the notifying times about lack of conformity. Also, If seller fined the non-conformity, seller has to notify this circumstance to the buyer within short period or agreed time.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.37
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• pp.3-33
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• 2008

This study primarily concerns the seller's duty to deliver the goods in conformity with the contract under the United Nations Convention on International Sale of Goods(1980) in comparison with the Draft Principles of European Sales Law. It describes and analyzes the provisions of the CISG as to the seller's duty, focusing on main controversial issues among scholars in their application. It also attempts to compare the rules of the CISG with those of the Draft PESL and to evaluate them in light of the discipline of comparative law. This is for the purpose of facilitating the systematic development and reform of one jurisdiction by any solution from the other jurisdiction found by the comparative study. In addition, this study provides legal and practical advice to the contracting parties when they intends to insert the CISG or the Draft PESL in their contract as a governing law. The comparative study particularly focuses on the following aspects; first, requirements for conformity with the contract which deals with the concept of conformity with the contract, contractual requirements agreed between contractual parties, and implied requirements otherwise not agreed between contractual parties, second, the time when the goods must be in conformity with the contract, third, exclusions of the seller's duty to deliver the goods in conformity with the contract.