• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.885-894
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• 2012

A numerical study of a microchannel steam methane reforming reactor has been performed to understand the characteristics of heat and mass transfer. The integration of Rh-catalyzed steam methane reforming and Pt-catalyzed methane combustion has been simulated. The reaction rates for chemical reactions have been incorporated into the simulation. This study investigated the effect of contact time, flow pattern (parallel or counter), and channel size on the reforming performance and temperature distribution. The parallel and counter flow have opposite temperature distribution, and they show a different type of reaction rate and species mole fraction. As the contact time decreases and channel size increases, mass transfer between the catalyst layer and the flow is limited, and the reforming performance is decreased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.75-85
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• 2016

A pyrotechnic system consisting of donor/acceptor pair separated by a gap relies on shock attenuation characteristics of the gap material and shock sensitivity of the donor and acceptor charges. Despite of its common use, numerical study of such pyrotechnic train configuration is seldom reported because proper modeling of the full process requires precise capturing of the shock wave attenuation in the gap prior to triggering a full detonation of high explosive and accurate description of the high strain rate dynamics of the explosively loaded inert confinements. We apply a Eulerian level-set based multimaterial hydrocode with reactive flow models for pentolite donor and heavily aluminized RDX as acceptor charge. The complex shock interaction, critical gap thickness, acoustic impedance, and go/no-go characteristics of the gap test are quantitatively investigated.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.416-424
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• 1997

Mass transfer mechanism and concentration profiles in the axial direction at each phase were analyzed and simulated by a theoretical modeling on a liquid-liquid static contactor using highly packed fiber bundle. The concentrations at the end of the fiber extractor calculated at several operational conditions were compared with experimental results. The fiber extractor could be completely predicted by a plug flow model without axial dispersion. A parameter used in the model equations, $k_a{\sigma}$ called the product of mass transfer coefficient and mass transfer area per unit length of the fiber extractor in the axial direction, which was determined by a curve-fitting, was confirmed to be a unique characteristic value of the fiber extractor, and was about 0.0327cm2/sec.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.379-383
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• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 3차원 수리 모델인 ELCOM(Estuary, Lake and Coastal Ocean Model)과 물질 전달모델인 CAEDYM(Computational Aquatic Ecosystem Dynamic Model)을 이용하여 성층화된 저수지로 밀도류 형태로 유입한 부유사의 이송과 확산 그리고 침강특성을 해석하는데 있다. ELCOM은 3차원 수리동력학 모델로써 시공간적인 유속과 수온변화를 예측하는데 사용되었으며, CAEDYM과 매 계산시간 마다 동적으로 연결(Dynamic coupling)되어 부유입자의 이송, 확산, 침강 과정을 모의하였다. 개발된 3차원 모델의 예측 성능은 2004년 홍수기 동안 대청호에서 실측한 자료를 사용하여 검증하였다. 모델의 모의변수는 입자크기별로 구분된 부유물질(SS) 그룹이며, 현장 실측자료인 탁도($C_T$)와 모델 변수인 SS간의 변환을 위해 저수지 지점 별로 측정한 SS-$C_T$ 상관관계를 사용함으로써 부유 입자의 크기분포의 공간적 변동 특성을 반영하였다. 모델은 탁수가 유입하는 환경에서 저수지 성층구조의 변화와 유입 탁수의 밀도류 거동특성, 유입한 부유사의 이송과 확산 그리고 침강특성을 비교적 잘 모의하였다. 저수지로 유입한 부유입자 중 입경이 $20{\mu}m$ 이상인 입자는 매우 빠른 속도로 저수지 바닥에 퇴적된 반면, $10{\mu}m$ 이하의 입자들은 중층에 오랜 시간 부유하며 장기탁수문제를 유발하는 원인이 되었다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.665-671
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• 2004

A mathematical model is presented to predict the frost properties and heat and mass transfer within the frost layer formed on a cold plate. The model consists of the laminar flow equations for air-side and the empirical correlation of local frost density. The correlation of local frost density used in this study is obtained from various experimental conditions by considering frosting parameters. The numerical results are compared with experimental data to validate the model, and agree well with experimental data within a maximum error of 9%.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.1546-1551
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• 2004

This paper presents a mathematical model to predict the frost properties and heal and mass transfer within the frost layer formed on a cold plate. The laminar flow equations for the air-side are analyzed. and the empirical correlations of local frost properties are employed in order to predict the frost layer growth. The correlations of local frost density and effective thermal conductivity of frost layer, obtained from various experimental conditions, are derived as functions of various frosting parameters (Reynolds number, frost surface temperature, absolute humidity and temperature of moist air, cooling plate temperature, and frost density). The numerical results are compared with experimental data and the results of various models to validate the present model, and agree well with experimental data within a maximum error of 10%. The heat and mass transfer coefficients obtained from the numerical analyses are presented, as the results, it is found that the model for frost growth using the correlation of heat transfer coefficient without solving air flow have a limitation in its application.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2021

To control hot spot in a plug flow reactor (PFR) is important for the yield and purity of products and safety. In this paper, coolant temperature is set as a state variable, and radial distributions of heat and mass are considered to model the PFR more realistic than without considering radial distributions. The model consists of three state variables, reactant concentration, reactant temperature, and the coolant temperature. The flow rate of the isothermal coolant is a manipulated variable. This paper shows that the controller considering the radial distributions of heat and mass is more effective than the controller without them. Assuming that u3,0 is 0.7, the suggested control equation was robust when St is bigger than 1.3, and Ac/A is smaller than 2.0. Under this condition, the hot spot temperature changed within the relative error of one percent when the temperature of input altered within the range of five percent.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.175-183
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• 2013

For the optimal design of the vehicle electric system, it is important to have a reliable modeling tool to predict the dynamic behavior of the automotive battery. In this work, a one-dimensional modeling was carried-out to predict the dynamic behaviors of a 12-V automotive lead-acid battery. The model accounted for electrochemical kinetics and ionic mass transfer in a battery cell. In order to validate the modeling, modeling results were compared with the experiment data of the dynamic behaviors of the lead-acid batteries of two different capacities that were mounted on the automobiles manufactured by Hyundai Motor Company. The discharge behaviors were measured with various discharge rates of C/3, C/5, C/10, C/20 and combination. And dynamic behaviors of charge and discharge were measured. The voltage curves from the experiment and simulation were in good agreement. Based on the modeling, the distributions of the electrical potentials of the solid and solution phases, and the current density within the electrodes could be predicted as a function of charge and discharge time.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.361-369
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• 2011

The effect of an increase in the temperature of inlet air on the performance of a membrane humidifier for a PEMFC (Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell) vehicle was investigated both experimentally and numerically. A shell-and-tube type gas-to-gas humidifier with Nafion membrane was tested. The experimental result showed that water transfer varies nonlinearly with the temperature elevation. Numerical analysis based on detailed modeling was also conducted in simplified geometry of a single tube to explain this nonlinear behavior. The simulation revealed that the local water flux varies nonlinearly and dramatically along the tube. The analysis was based on the inverse relationship between the increase in temperature and decrease in relative humidity, both of which seriously affect the water conductivity of the membrane.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.165-171
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• 2012

Here is implemented MATLAB program to analyze the characteristic curves of cyclic voltammetry which involves the multi-electron electrode reaction considered as key processes in electrochemical systems. For the electrochemical mass-transfer system, Fick's concentration equation subject to semi-infinite diffusion model for the boundary condition was discretized and solved by the explicit finite difference method. The resulting concentration values were converted into currents at each node by using Butler-Volmer equation. Based on the good agreement between the present numerical solution and the existing experimental results, effects of kinetic constants and CV scan rates on the reaction mechanism in multi-electron transfer processes were investigated effectively.