• Journal of Science Education
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.121-145
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• 2008

The purposes of this study were to identify the misconceptions that students have on the magma and plate tectonics and to present the implications in developing textbooks as well as related curriculum of high school textbooks. Data were collected through questionnaire, consisting of some questions, short essays, and descriptive drawings, developed by the research team. A total of 140 high school students(9th graders) responded to those questionnaires and were interviewed for further information. It was reported that participants displayed various misconceptions related to magma and plate tectonics. The identified misconceptions are as follows: For the definition of magma, the 31% of participants misunderstood magma as lava. In respect to the generative mechanism of magma at subduction zone, over 90% of students responded that it is generated by frictional heat. The source of misconceptions were identified as a result from textbooks and related reference-books. For the concept of plates, 87% of students conceived 'crust or a lower part of the plates' as 'plates'. Most participants hold the right concept of oceanic ridge, whereas, 66% of them considered 'rift valley' as either 'divergence of continental plates' or 'converging boundary'. 63% of them defined 'collision boundary of continental plate' as either 'subduction zone' or 'diverging boundary'. For the definitions of the trench and Benioff zone, 86% of students responded them as the place of subduction or differing density between two converging plates. The students' misconceptions were resulted from the errors and insufficient explanation, inappropriate figures, and data presented in textbooks, reference-books, lecture, and web sites. The results of this study are implied to contribute the improvement of students' misconceptions.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.622-634
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• 1999

We have investigated the 6th middle school science curriculum and its implementation based upon the results of middle school science teachers' and professors' ratings and self-reportings. The national-wide survey was administrated to obtain the data from 213 teachers of 112 middle schools and 43 professors of colleges of education. The survey items correspond to four stages of science curriculum. In the stage of the planned science curriculum, 'goals', 'framework of contents' and 'contents' are relevant to the basic guideline for curriculum revision, 'the more emphasis on inquiry activities'. However, the amount of contents is not appropriate, and 'methods' are difficult to attain. In the stage of the written science curriculum, 'goals', 'framework of contents', 'contents', 'methods' and 'evaluations' are not useful for teachers to teach science. In the stage of the implemented science curriculum, a small number of teachers use the issues of local community, organize the different group activities, develop assessment tools cooperatively, and conduct a lesson and a program considering students' diversities. This is partially because of the large amount of learning contents, the lack of materials and the weakness of supporting system. Finally, in the stage of the attained science curriculum, the students' achievements under the 6th curriculum is not higher than those under the other curricula.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.671-683
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• 2003

The purpose of study was to investigate practicing elementary teachers' pedagogical content knowledge and the significant predictors of their pedagogical content knowledge in science teaching. The PCK instrument was used to measure elementary teachers' pedagogical content knowledge. It consists of 6 factors to measure teachers' pedagogical content knowledge of 1)instructional methods, 2)representations, 3)contents, 4)evaluations, 5)students, and 6)curriculum. A questionnaire that consists of 7 questions regarding the teachers' degree, their number of years of teaching their choice of teaching science, their personal science teaching efficacy, their science teaching outcome expectation, their science instructional methods, and their attitudes toward teaching science, was also used to identify the information as to significant predictors of teachers' pedagogical content knowledge. A sample of 332 practicing elementary teachers participated in this study. To determine statistically significant predictors, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression methods were used to analyze the results. The results showed that the significant predictors of practicing elementary teachers' pedagogical content knowledge were their number of years of teaching, their science instructional methods, their personal science teaching efficacy and their attitudes toward teaching science. Further research of how teachers develop and construct their pedagogical content knowledge is recommended especially through the use of varied research methodologies that include qualitative methods.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.600-608
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• 2011

The ultimate goal of instruction is for learners to understand contents they have to learn in class. Therefore, shedding light is needed on the characteristics of understanding required by teachers and perceived by students when class is conducted for the purpose of understanding. To do this, 87 middle school teachers were requested to write down questions they asked to improve the understanding of learners in 'reproduction and genesis' unit. They were categorized according to Wiggins & McTighe's six aspects of understanding and a questionnaire was developed based on the data. A survey was conducted on 90 teachers and 370 ninth-grade students. The findings of this study were as follows: First, the teachers demanded explaining, interpreting and perspective a lot, but applying, empathy and self-knowledge were scarcely required. Second, the teachers demanded explaining the most, and the students as well. The next aspect of understanding in both groups was interpreting, followed by perspective, applying, empathy and self-knowledge. There were significant differences among the opinions of the students according to gender (p<0.05). Third, the students persevered explaining, applying and self-knowledge the same way as the teachers demanded, but not for interpreting, perspective and empathy. This study is expected to provide some information to achieve the instruction objectives of understanding successfully.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.252-273
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• 2009

Due to the importance of biotechnological literacy, the educational community in fields such as technology education, science education, and agricultural education has acknowledged the importance of biotechnology instruction for secondary school. Although recognized as a content organizer in the field of technology education, the actual teaching of biotechnology has not been broadly implemented in technology education classes. In the perspective of expectancy-value theory, technology teachers' motivation is the key factor for affecting the biotechnology instruction. This study investigates Korean technology teachers' motivational beliefs toward biotechnology and its instruction and their perceived ability and value toward biotechnology learning contents. To measure their motivational beliefs and attitudes, a composite on-line survey (fifteen motivational beliefs items, eight biotechnology content items, and related demographic items) was developed. Based on 114 Korean technology teachers' responses the researcher performed a descriptive analysis, independent t-test, and factor analyses (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis using M-plus 5.0 and SPSS 16.0). Korean technology teachers' abilities toward eight biotechnology contents indicated lowscores while their values were relatively high. Through the independent sample t-test by two demographic variables (gender and professional development), this study found several significant differences in the perceived value. As a preliminary finding of exploratory factor analysis, fifteen items was separated into two motivational constructs of expectancy (6 items) and value (8 items). One item (item #6) was eliminated due to the cross loading. The final findings of this study may have significant implications for professional development regarding biotechnology and its instruction (both in-service and pre-service training) of technology teachers. Also, the confirmatory facctor analysis supported the preliminary finding. Finally, this study recommends that a validity test for other population, investigation for motivational sub-constructs, and in-depth investigation toward biotechnology instruction.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.136-155
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analysis the recognition of engineering professionals in Primary and middle school education. For the study, survey was proceeded through experts in engineering. The result of research follows. First, experts in engineering recognized that engineering has a significant impact in the national economic development and competitiveness. Experts in engineering, had a recognition consistent to some extent for engineering. and we have found engineering's own characteristics that emphasize "problem solving and design, innovation and creativity, economy optimization". Second, experts in engineering recognized that engineering education in Primary and middle school rarely take place, and also does not provide enough information for students. Third, experts in engineering recognized that engineering education is very needed in Primary and middle school. Through this, students can understand creative design problem-solving process. In addition, Experts of engineering, have a variety of educational demands for School level to the level of engineering education should start, level educational purposes, how to apply effective and so on.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.84 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1995

This study investigates the collective aspects of hunting motivation and hunters' attitude toward natural environment. Data were collected from three different types of respondents : 148 hunters who purchased hunting license between November 1992 and March 1993 in Cholla Province. 120 university students and 260 Suwon residents. The 26 items out of 90 items were selected to develop an attitude scale toward natural environment. Results of ANOVA revealed that there were significant differences among five groups(hunters, urban residents and students from 3 major fields) in terms of their attitude values. Hunters' attitude value toward natural environment was the highest among five different types of respondents. Two major motives for hunting participation are 'exercise' and 'like out-of-doors'. Factor analysis presents eight motivational dimensions underlying hunter's involvement in the activities: 1)stewardship, 2)social contact, 3)show-off, 4)sportsmanship, 5)like to kill, 6)recreation/relax, 7)economic gain, and 8)being alone. The correlation between the motivational factor of 'economic gain' and the attitudinal item of 'relationship between man and nature' was negative(r=-0.28). There is a positive correlation(r=0.24) between the motivation of 'being alone' and the attitude of 'needs for natural environment'. These relationships indicate that individual's attitude value decreases when one perceives nature as economic goods, while it increases when one visits nature to relieve stress and to develop self-esteem.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.6
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• pp.617-626
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• 2008

Recently, it has been issued whether the current permission standards for forest land-use conversion is adequate or not. This study was aimed at evaluating the propriety of the current permission standards using the Delphi technique, which is one of survey techniques regarding experts's opinions. The results of the survey indicated that the standards related to the connection development restriction and the height of the first berm were underrated in most of the evaluation factors. The size limit and the altitude restriction of the land-use conversion also have a low propriety or applicability due to their vagueness. In case of average slope, its applicability was rated as significantly low because there is no standardized method for estimating or verifying the average slope. A statistical analysis based on coefficient of variation and one-way ANOVA were conducted to examine whether each group of experts agree with these survey results. It is appeared that the survey using Delphi technique could successfully achieved an agreement from each group of experts. Overall, evaluation factors considered in this study seems to be effective to verify the problems of each standards and to guide to improvement of the standards.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.141-160
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• 2020

This study provides a new perspective on the effect of social media marketing activities (SMMA) on purchase intention in Korean cosmetic firms. The increasing use of social media has changed how firms engage their brand with consumers. This phenomenon triggered a need for this research to examine further the influence of SMMA on social brand engagement (SBE), brand equity (BE), and purchase intention (PI). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of SMMA on purchase intention in Korean cosmetic firms with brand equity and social brand engagement. The factors of SMMA were identified based on previous literature reviews that have an impact on social media marketing activity. To empirically test the effects of SMMA, this study conducted a questionnaire survey on 219 social media users for data analysis out of the initial 332 survey data. The results reveal that all five SMMA elements are positively related to BE, SBE, and PI. The study enables cosmetic brands to forecast the future purchasing behavior of their customers more accurately and brings clarity to manage their assets and marketing activities as well.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

The pneumatic control circuit is an important basic element that constitutes factory automation in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution, and the ability to design and fabricate pneumatic control circuit at the university level is one of the most important educational courses. In this study, it introduced collaborative learning by group, and capstone design technique applied to the subject of design and fabricate of pneumatic control circuit. In addition, it intends to contribute to the innovation of practical engineering education by examining the learning achievement of students. It was investigated analytical skill differences by applying cooperative learning to the experimental group and by applying traditional lecture methods to the comparison group. The experimental group that conducted cooperative learning showed higher academic ability than the comparison group that conducted only traditional lectures, and the t-test results of the significant level p<0.05 also confirmed that there were significant differences between the two groups. It was also responded 13 survey questions in four experimental groups and analyzed the results, showing a high satisfaction level of 4.731 on average. Through this study the design and fabrication of the pneumatic control circuit is more effective in improving students' learning achievement when applying the capstone design technique than when operating as a normal subject and expected to use as a basic material for the development of the curriculum of Capstone design in the future.