• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.167-174
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• 2022

Since the Promotion Committee was established on March 25, 2021, urging the enactment of the Detective Business Act, many opinions and attention from all walks of life have been gathered. The Detective Business system, which is also one of the presidential pledges of the current 19th President Moon Jae In, is expected to be significant in that it can promote the development of a welfare state as well as efficient parts such as meeting the demand for security reinforcement services, improving the judicial system, and enhancing internationalization. In accordance with the consensus of the nine judges of the Constitutional Court that the lower part of Article 40 of the "Act on the Use and Protection of Credit Information" which prohibits the use of similar names such as investigating the general life of certain people does not violate the Constitution, detective work became possible regardless of the general life investigation. In particular, the detective job officially appeared on August 5, 2020, and it will be able to provide effective work services to the public by competing with prosecutors, police, and lawyers who have occupied exclusive positions in the field of a criminal investigations. However, although the role of detectives is gradually expanding and society is rapidly changing, illegal activities are prevalent throughout society, and more than 1,600 companies are currently operating suspiciously using the only name of "detectives", but the police are virtually letting go of the situation saying that they are "unauthorized.", and the damage is only going to the people, so at this point, the most worrisome thing is the absence of the law. Meanwhile, amid concerns over institutions overseeing illegal activities caused by the emergence of the detective industry, private security and detectives are similar to each other as in the United States, and it is expected to be able to gain public trust by entrusting the police in charge of managing and supervising private security companies. Therefore, at this time when most OECD countries except Korea legislate the Detective Business Act, prematurely allowing only the detective industry without enacting industry-related laws and systems can further fuel social confusion and hinder the detective industry along with the new fourth industry.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.111-132
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• 2022

The comprehensive examination on tendering system has been introduced to the Cultural Heritage repair and restoration field since 2016 to remedy the repair issues of South Gate in 2014. The Cultural Heritage Administration tried to attain the high performance of the cultural heritage repair and restoration works securing the proper payment for the repair and restoration works. It is high time to review the operating performance of the comprehensive examination on tendering system (hereinafter referred to as the "CEOTS"), as the system has been run for over 5 years to correspond with its original goal, i.e., "The Proper Payment in return for the High Performance of Repair and Restoration works." This study intends to analyze 114 tenders of CEOTS from 2016 to 2020. As a result of the analysis of 114 tenders, firstly, more than half of bid winners were in the top 20% of repair & restoration capacity disclosure amount list, which mostly fulfilled the goal of 'attaining high performance.' Secondly, as the winning bid rate is decreasing from 86.847% in 2017 to 85.488% in 2020, the goal of 'guarantee of a proper payment' is not achieved yet. Thirdly, the influence of Economic Evaluation section in CEOTS has been grown since the change of scoring system in CEOTS in 2019. This study identifies two reasons why the winning bid rate of CEOTS has decreased. Firstly, it is caused by the fact that 'the group that got more than 1st place' and 'the first place group' that are more than half of the total bidders have the decreasing bidding rate trend as the years go by. Secondly, the exclusion rate of 'the group that got more than 1st place' is higher than the exclusion rate of 'the group that got less than 1st place', which means the expected winning rate would be lowered. It is proposed that the revision of CEOTS code is needed, i.e. easing the strict rule concerning the exclusion rate as well as setting up the lower bidding limit to prevent the excessive decreasing winning bid rate.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.33
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• pp.89-97
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare and evaluate the dose change according to the gas volume variations in the rectum, which was not included in the treatment plan during radiation therapy for cervical cancer. Materials and methods: Static Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (S-IMRT) using a 9-field and Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) using 2 full-arcs were established with treatment planning system on Computed Tomography images of a human phantom. Random gas parameters were included in the Planning Target Volume(PTV) with a maximum change of 2.0 cm in increments of 0.5 cm. Then, the Conformity Index (CI), Homogeneity Index (HI) and PTV D_max for the target volume were calculated, and the minimum dose (D_min), mean dose (D_mean) and Maximum Dose (D_max) were calculated and compared for OAR(organs at risk). For statistical analysis, T-test was performed to obtain a p-value, where the significance level was set to 0.05. Result: The HI coefficients of determination(R²) of S-IMRT and VMAT were 0.9423 and 0.8223, respectively, indicating a relatively clear correlation, and PTV D_max was found to increase up to 2.8% as the volume of a given gas parameter increased. In case of OAR evaluation, the dose in the bladder did not change with gas volume while a significant dose difference of more than D_mean 700 cGy was confirmed in rectum using both treatment plans at gas volumes of 1.0 cm or more. In all values except for D_mean of bladder, p-value was less than 0.05, confirming a statistically significant difference. Conclusion: In the case of gas generation not considered in the reference treatment plan, as the amount of gas increased, the dose difference at PTV and the dose delivered to the rectum increased. Therefore, during radiation therapy, it is necessary to make efforts to minimize the dose transmission error caused by a large amount of gas volumes in the rectum. Further studies will be necessary to evaluate dose transmission by not only varying the gas volume but also where the gas was located in the treatment field.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.33
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• pp.9-14
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• 2021

This study examined dose change depending on the reposition error of the junction at the time of treatment with multi-isocenter volumetric modulated arc therapy. This study selected a random treatment region in the Arccheck Phantom and established the treatment plan for multi-isocenter volumetric modulated arc therapy. Then, after setting the error of the junction at 0 ~ 4 mm in the X (left), Y (upper), and Z (inner and outer) directions, the area was irradiated using a linear accelerator; the point doses and gamma indexes obtained through the Phantom were subsequently analyzed. It was found that when errors of 2 and 4 mm took place in the X and Y directions, the gamma pass rates (point doses) were 99.3% (2.085) and 98% (2.079 Gy) in the former direction and 98.5% (2.088) and 95.5% (2.093 Gy) in the latter direction, respectively. In addition, when errors of 1, 2, and 4 mm occurred in the inner and outer parts of the Z direction, the gamma pass rates (point doses) were found to be 94.8% (2.131), 82.6% (2.164), and 72.8% (2.22 Gy) in the former part and 93.4% (2.069), 90.6% (2.047), and 79.7% (1.962 Gy) in the latter part, respectively. In the X and Y directions, errors up to 4 mm were tolerable; however, in the Z direction, error values exceeding 1 mm were beyond the tolerance level. This suggests that for high and low dose areas, errors in the direction same as the progress direction in the treatment region have a more sensitive dose distribution. If the guidelines for set-up errors are established at the institutional level through continuous research in the future, it will be possible to provide good quality treatment using junctions.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.33
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• pp.47-54
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• 2021

Purpose : In order to evaluate the usefulness of clinical application of the Pause & Resume methods by comparing and analyzing the data stability and dose reduction effect when repeat scan assuming irregular breathing and using the Pause & Resume method during chest 4D CT using Quasar^TM Phantom. Materials and Methods : Using the Quasar^TM Phantom, set the breathing rate per minute to 15 BPM and 7.5 BPM, and set the S15 point as an irregular breathing section, and then placed OSLD to this point and use the Pause & Resume method to measure the dose of S15. CTDIvol, DLP, and ALARA-CT were used for comparative analysis of radiation dose between Pause & Resume method and Repeat-scan. In order to evaluate the stability and usability of the data applying the Pause & Resume method, the captured images were sorted by Advanced Workstation Volume Share7 and then sent to Eclipse^TM, the diameter and volume were analyzed by forming a contour on the iron ball in the Quasar^TM Phantom Results : When using Pause & Resume, the dose of OSLD measurement increased by 1.97 times in the section of S15. As a result of image evaluation, the average value of all volumes measured with and without the Pause & Resume method at 15 BPM and 7.5 BPM was 15.2 cm3±0.5%.Allthemeasuredvaluesfor the radius of iron ball were 3.1 cm regardless of whether Pause & Resume method was used or not. In the case of using Pause & Resume, 33% decreased from the lowest DLP value and 38% decreased from the highest DLP value of repeat scan, and the effective dose also decreased 32.1% from the minimum value and 37.6% from the maximum value. Conclusion: Irradiation dose was increased by Pause & Resume method because of the repeat scan on the S15 site where assuming irregular breathing occurred, However Pause & Resume method led to a significant reduction in dose on overall scan range. It also proved the usefulness of clinical application of the Pause & Resume method as a result of similar diameters and volumes of iron ball measurement.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.201-210
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• 2020

The aim of this thesis is to investigate exhibition spaces which are being expanded and transformed concurrently with social phenomena that are also the result of rapid changes, all of which are reflective of a modern society in transition. Such investigation would also include an analysis of changes in the viewing public and artworks themselves, and also an assessment of the public nature of art and its effective aspects. Expansion of exhibition spaces and the increasing connection between art and the public have very important ramifications, in many respects. They present opportunities for the viewing public to immerse themselves in artistic spaces, with some reaching further into other activities - activities that they often share with other individuals. This also leads them to expand their range of activities, turning them into more mobile, proactive audiences. In connection, many corporations have turned their attention to this public aspect of art, which has resulted in a display of art in different types of spaces. The government also began to adopt 'public art' as a matter of policy, using it as a medium of communication between the state and its populace. The public aspect of art, being highlighted as a result of expansion and diversification of exhibition spaces, will have a significant impact not only on the viewing public, but also on the art market. This represents a momentous change for creators of art, which naturally warrants close scrutiny and research.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.6_1
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• pp.1371-1383
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• 2022

In this study, the amount of coal waste dump was calculated using six Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) produced between 2006 and 2018 in Jangseong-dong, Taebaek-si, Gangwon-do, and the subsidence was observed by applying the Persistent Scatterer Interferometric SAR (PSInSAR) technique on the Sentinel-1 SAR images. As a result of depositing activities using DEMs, a total of 1,668,980 m³ of coal waste was deposited over a period of about 12 years from 2006 to 2018. The observed subsidence rate from PSInSAR was -32.3 mm/yr and -40.2 mm/yr from the ascending and descending orbits, respectively. As the thickness of the waste pile increased, the rate of subsidence increased, and the more recent the completion of the deposit, the faster the subsidence tended to occur. The subsidence rates from the ascending and descending orbits were converted to vertical and horizontal east-west components, and 22 random reference points were set to compare the subsidence rate, the waste rock thickness, and the time of depositing completion. As a result, the subsidence rate of the reference point tended to increase as the thickness of the waste became thicker, similar to the PSInSAR results in relation to the waste thickness. On the other hand, there was no clear correlation between the completion time of the deposits and the rate Of subsidence at the reference points. This is because the time of completion of the deposits at all but 5 of the 22 reference points was too biased in 2010 and the correlation analysis was meaningless. As in this study, the use of DEM and PSInSAR is expected to be an effective alternative to compensate for the lack of field data in the safety management of coal waste deposits.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.498-503
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• 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study were to find ideal entry point of straight antegrade humeral intramedullary nail (SAHN) for the treatment of proximal humerus fracture in Korean and to analyze anatomical conformity using computed tomography. Materials and Methods: From May 2014 to October 2016, the study was conducted retrospectively on 74 Korean patients who had taken computed tomography on both normal and affected shoulder joint as result of shoulder injury. The mean age of the patients was 64.5 years (range, 22-95 years). Radiologic evaluation was done using multiplanar reconstruction technique of the computer tomography on normal proximal humerus. We located ideal entry point of SAHN as the point where humerus intramedullary center axis and humeral head meet. Distance between the entry point and local anatomical landmark was measured. We defined the critical distance as the distance between entry point and the most medial point of the supraspinatus attachment site. For adequate fixation and avoidance of injury to rotator cuff, critical distance should be over 8 mm according to Euler, and we defined the critical type when it is less than 8 mm. Critical distance, sex, age, height, body weight, body mass index was evaluated for the statistical significance. Results: The ideal entry point was as follows: the mean anteroposterior distance, the sagittal distance to the lateral margin of bicipital groove, was 11.5 mm and the mean mediolateral distance, the coronal distance to the lateral margin of grater tuberosity, was 20.5 mm. The mean critical distance, distance from the entry point to the just medial to insertion of the supraspinatus tendon, was 8.0 mm. Critical type with critical distance less than 8 mm was found in 41 in 74 patients (55.4%). Conclusion: The ideal entry point of SAHN in Korean was located on 11.5 mm posteriorly from the lateral margin of bicipital groove and 20.5 mm medially from lateral margin of greater tuberosity. More than half of the cases were critical type. Since critical type can possibly cause rotate cuff injury during nail insertion on entry point, surgeon should consider anatomical variance before choosing surgical option.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.234-244
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• 2021

Purpose: To date, studies of firearm and explosive injuries in the Korean military have been limited compared to its importance. To overcome this, this study examined the characteristics of musculoskeletal damages in soldiers who have suffered firearm and explosive injuries over the past four years. Materials and Methods: From January 2015 to July 2019, military forces who had suffered musculoskeletal injuries from firearms or explosive substances were included. The medical records and radiographs were reviewed retrospectively, and telephone surveys about Short Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment (SMFA) for this group were conducted. To compare the functional outcomes, statistical analysis was performed using a t-test for the types of weapons, and ANOVA for others. Results: Of the 61 patients treated for firearms and explosives injuries, 30 patients (49.2%) were included after undergoing orthopedic treatment due to musculoskeletal injury. The average age at injury was 26.4 years old (21-52 years old). The number of officers and soldiers was similar. Eleven were injured by gunshot and 19 by an explosive device. Sixteen were treated in the Armed Forces Capital Hospital and 10 at private hospitals. More than half of the 16 patients (53.3%) with a fracture had multiple fractures. The most common injury site was the hand (33.3%), followed by the lower leg (30.0%). There were 14 patients (46.7%) with Gustilo-Anderson classification 3B or higher who required a soft tissue reconstruction. Fifteen patients agreed to join the SMFA survey for the functional outcomes. Between officers and soldiers, officers had better scores in the Bother Index compared to soldiers (p=0.0045). Patients treated in the Armed Forces Capital Hospital had better scores in both the Dysfunction and Bother Index compared to private hospitals (p=0.0008, p=0.0149). Conclusion: This is the first study to analyze of weapons injuries in the Korean military. As a result of the study, the orthopedic burden was high in the treating patients with military weapon injuries. In addition, it is necessary to build a military trauma registry, including firearm and explosive injuries, for trauma treatment evaluation and development of military trauma system.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.57-95
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• 2021

Korea's period for preservation of embryos is up to five years (the Bioethics Act). However, the study reviewed domestic and foreign laws and drew issues due to the recent demand that the development of related science and technology and the period limitation limit the rights of consent holder for embryo production. the first issue is that preserved embryos are intended for pregnancy, and it is important to ensure that the autonomy of the consent holder is protected through careful consideration based on information such as scientific evidence. the second is that regulations regarding the obligation to manage embryonic preservation institutions are needed. the third is to create a social atmosphere in which embryo creation, preservation, and disposal take place in a minimum range, considering the special status of embryos. based on this issue, the first of the proposals for rational improvement of the regulation and system about embryo preservation is the introduction of an environment in which sufficient explanation and appropriate consent can be exercised and to extend the reasons for the extension of the period, rather than specifying the specific period in law. the second is that institutionalization is necessary considering not only the obligation to manage preservation institutions but also the overall site, such as concerns that may arise as a result. lastly, we propose the introduction of a management method considering the future use of embryos, such as transfer to provide research purposes and donation of pregnancy purposes by others. this process should be a method of sufficient social discussion and consensus, as well as a general consideration of the family relationship with the born child.