• Title/Summary/Keyword: 문법(관)

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Completion of Incomplete XML Document Using Parse Tree (파스 트리를 이용한 불완전 XML 문서의 완성)

  • 조용윤;박용관;유재우
    • Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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    • 2004.04b
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    • pp.868-870
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    • 2004
  • 프로그래머는 프로그램 작성 중 문법적으로 올바르지 않은 문장을 입력할 수 있다. 문법적으로 불완전한 문장 입력은 사용자의 계속적인 편집 상태를 종료하고, 정상적인 파싱을 보장하지 않는 원인이 된다. 따라서, 사용자는 편집기가 제공하는 적절한 오류 처리 루틴을 통해 문법적으로 잘못된 문장에 대해 수정 작업을 실행해야 한다. 에디터 환경에서의 사용자 입력은 입력 부분의 왼쪽, 오른쪽에서 완전하지 못한 형태로 입력될 수 있다. 따라서, 에디터가 문법적으로 빠져있는 부분의 심볼이 무엇인지 정확히 인식 가능하고, 주어진 문법에 따라 부분적인 파스트리를 완성한다면, 사용자의 프로그래밍 편집 상태를 종료하지 않고 계속적인 편집과 성공적인 파싱을 보장할 수 있을 것이다. 본 논문은 파서가 문법적으로 올바르지 않은 문장의 입력에 대해 해당 문법에 따라 빠진 부분을 올바로 인식하고, 누락된 문법 심벌을 찾아 부족한 부분 파스 트리를 완성함으로써 성공적인 편집을 보장할 수 있는 파싱 방법을 제안하고 실험한다. 제안된 파싱 방법을 통해 사용자는 프로그래밍 편집 중 문법 오류에 대한 부담을 줄일 수 있으며, 불완전 입력에 대해 계속적인 파싱을 보장받아 편집 효율을 높일 수 있다.

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Logic as grammar: Wittgenstein’s view of logic (문법으로서의 논리 ― 비트겐슈타인의 논리관 ―)

  • Lee, Young-Chul
    • Korean Journal of Logic
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.57-91
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    • 2008
  • In accordance with his belief that philosophical problems arise from misunderstandings of the logic of our language, Wittgenstein's philosophical investigations were always focused on the problems of logic of language. Indeed, it can be said that his investigations were logical investigations. But what was the logic as conceived by him? He regarded logic as grammar from the beginning, but between his two different philosophical periods, there were important changes in his conceptions of grammar. In his earlier period, he understood the logic of language as the truth-functional syntax realizable in an ideal notation, while in his later period he regarded logic as the rules of language-use in various language games. It was a change from viewing logic as an ideally strict and universal system in which every logical possibilities are determined to viewing logic as an open system of non-strict grammatical rules specific to each language game. This paper deals with the gists of his earlier and later views on logic and the reasons for the change of his views, including specifically the reasons for the change of his views concerning the autonomy and necessity of logic as grammar.

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Recognition and Completion of Incomplete Inputs (불완전 입력문장의 인식과 완성)

  • Cho, Yong-Yoon;Park, Yong-Kwan;Park, Ho-Byung;Kim, Sang-Heon;Yoo, Chae-Woo
    • Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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    • 2003.05b
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    • pp.963-966
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    • 2003
  • 에디터 환경에서 사용자가 문법적으로 불완전한 문장을 입력하면, 에디터는 오류를 발견하고 적절한 오류 처리 루틴을 실행하게 된다. 대부분의 에디터는 에러를 발견하면 에러 발생 여부를 사용자에게 알리고, 에러 위치를 하이라이트 시켜 사용자가 오류를 수정할 수 있도록 해준다. 에디터 환경에서의 사용자 입력은 입력 부분의 왼쪽, 오른쪽에서 완전하지 못한 형태로 입력될 수 있다. 그러나, 기존 오류 처리 방법은 불완전한 문장에 대해 에러 처리만을 통보할 뿐 계속적인 파싱을 보장하지 못한다. 본 논문은 파서가 문법적으로 불완전한 입력 문장을 해당 문법에 따라 올바로 인식하고, 누락된 문법 심벌을 찾아 파스 트리의 부족한 부분을 완성함으로써 계속적인 파싱을 보장할 수 있는 파싱 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법을 통해 사용자는 입력의 문법 오류에 대한 부담을 줄일 수 있고, 불완전한 입력에 대한 계속적인 파싱을 보증 받을 수 있어 파싱 효율을 높일 수 있다.

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Korean Dependency Parser Based on New Interpretation of Eojeol (새로운 어절 해석에 기반한 한국어 의존관계 파서)

  • Kang, Ho-Gwan;Lee, Jong-Hyeok;Lee, Geun-Bae
    • Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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    • 1997.10a
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    • pp.327-331
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    • 1997
  • 본 논문에서는 기계번역과 의미분석의 전단계로서의 구문분석에 대하여 논한다. 의존 문법에 기반을 둔 구문분석의 효율성을 위하여 한국어 어절에 대한 새로운 해석을 시도하며, 이를 기반으로 한국어 의존관계 파서의 새로운 기본 단위(SynN: Syntactic Node)를 제시한다. 또한 새로운 기본 단위를 구문분석 과정에 적용하는 방법과 그 결과를 보인다. 마지막으로, 구현된 구문분석기를 중간언어 방식 시스템인 한-중 기계번역 시스템에 채용하여 그 성능을 검증한다.

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W. v. Humboldt′s Thought (빌헬름 폰 훔볼트의 언어사상)

  • 안정오
    • Lingua Humanitatis
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    • v.6
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    • pp.77-108
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    • 2004
  • This research focuses on the humboldt's thought for language. In Korea, only two themes, 'worldview' and 'nation' , problem of 'energeia' and 'ergon', was mostly researched. But we must research all together his thoughts, in order to understand his complete thoughts. His thoughts consist six themes : 1 . relation between thought and language. 2. problem of language-generation. 3. problem of translation. 4. substance of language. 5. worldview and nation. 6. energeia and ergon. From this five themes, we can understand, what his origin thought is. Therefore, we explained sequentially five themes in our paper. The theme 1, 5 and 6 are often interpretated between the scholars in Korea. But the theme 2 and 3 are not yet known. Therefore, we tried to explain it in this paper, what the problem of language-generation and the problem of translation are.tion and the problem of translation are.

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How are they layerwisely 'surprised', KoBERT and KR-BERT? (KoBERT와 KR-BERT의 은닉층별 통사 및 의미 처리 성능 평가)

  • Choi, Sunjoo;Park, Myung-Kwan;Kim, Euhee
    • Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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    • 2021.10a
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    • pp.340-345
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    • 2021
  • 최근 많은 연구들이 BERT를 활용하여, 주어진 문맥에서 언어학/문법적으로 적절하지 않은 단어를 인지하고 찾아내는 성과를 보고하였다. 하지만 일반적으로 딥러닝 관점에서 NLL기법(Negative log-likelihood)은 주어진 문맥에서 언어 변칙에 대한 정확한 성격을 규명하기에는 어려움이 있다고 지적되고 있다. 이러한 한계를 해결하기 위하여, Li et al.(2021)은 트랜스포머 언어모델의 은닉층별 밀도 추정(density estimation)을 통한 가우시안 확률 분포를 활용하는 가우시안 혼합 모델(Gaussian Mixture Model)을 적용하였다. 그들은 트랜스포머 언어모델이 언어 변칙 예문들의 종류에 따라 상이한 메커니즘을 사용하여 처리한다는 점을 보고하였다. 이 선행 연구를 받아들여 본 연구에서는 한국어 기반 언어모델인 KoBERT나 KR-BERT도 과연 한국어의 상이한 유형의 언어 변칙 예문들을 다른 방식으로 처리할 수 있는지를 규명하고자 한다. 이를 위해, 본 연구에서는 한국어 형태통사적 그리고 의미적 변칙 예문들을 구성하였고, 이 예문들을 바탕으로 한국어 기반 모델들의 성능을 놀라움-갭(surprisal gap) 점수를 계산하여 평가하였다. 본 논문에서는 한국어 기반 모델들도 의미적 변칙 예문을 처리할 때보다 형태통사적 변칙 예문을 처리할 때 상대적으로 보다 더 높은 놀라움-갭 점수를 보여주고 있음을 발견하였다. 즉, 상이한 종류의 언어 변칙 예문들을 처리하기 위하여 다른 메커니즘을 활용하고 있음을 보였다.

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A Study on Bernard Lamy's La Rhétorique ou L'Art de Parler (베르나르 라미의 『수사학 또는 말하는 기법(1675)』에 관한 연구)

  • LEE, Jong Oh
    • Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.345-368
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    • 2009
  • Our research task have goal to describe a treaty rhetoric known as 『La Rhétorique ou L'Art de Parler』(1688) which corresponds to a very wide field of which the step is not yet dubious in our country. Thus to study the rhetoric of Lamy borrowed from the thought of Descartes, we left the concept d' origin of language in traditional rhetoric in connection with logic and grammar (in first part). Also the second part is devoted to the tropes and the figures that are modified and deteriorated by the language of passion called 'rhetoric of passion or psychological of figure', etc. And the third part interests in the body of the speech being the character of l' heart. Under the influence of the rhetoric of Lamy, French rhetoric at the 17th century is held for an essential text when one interests in the history of the ideas and rhetoric, marked in its specificity (passion). The project of Lamy registered in the concept of passion like 'manners of speaking'. To close this study, which does one have to retain? The first remark to note is that Lamy founds his rhetoric in opposition to traditional designs dating from the beginning of Aristote. Second remark is the idea that one finds based in famous the books of Dumarsais at the 18th century and Fontanier at the 19th century. Admittedly, Lamy is a true rhetorician, grammairien which interests in the question of passions in the speech forces to reconsider the idea spread since Mr. Foucault, and makes it possible to understand the passage of the Great century at the Century of Lumuères. Even if this opinion is not shared, it will be agreed that the work of Lamy on passions or the phenomena sensory and psychological in the center of the language deserves reflexion.

A Study on the Meaning and Coherence of Sosangpalkyung as a Text of Traditional Scenery (소상팔경(瀟湘八景), 전통경관 텍스트로서의 의미와 결속구조)

  • Rho, Jae-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.110-119
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    • 2009
  • Sosang Pal-Kyung(瀟湘八景), which originated in China and means eight scenes of So River and Sang River, greatly influenced the poems and the pictures in East Asia for a long time and became a cultural phenomenon leading the stereotype of the traditional landscapes in Korea and Japan. Studies on 'Kyung(a scene)' such as 'Pal-Kyung(八景)', have been made continuously until now, but there are no results of a study intensively focusing on the meaning and the form of Sosang Pal-Kyung, which is the origin of the domestic Pal-Kyung culture. The goal of this study is to investigate the typical form observed in Sosang Pal-Kyung-Ga(瀟湘八景歌) and Sosang Pal-Kyung-Do(瀟湘八景圖), as a text of a cultural landscape, and to clear up the coherence structure between a recognition system and a way of thinking that existed in the cultural phenomenon of Sosang Pal-Kyung. In this study, the symbolism of Pal(八) was summarized and the surface structure and the correlation of each Kyung of Sosang Pal-Kyung was explained in light of semiotics through segmenting and disjointing the lexeme of a landscape while the coherence structure and the meaning of Sosang Pal-Kyung-Ga and Sosang Pal-Kyung-Do as a text were investigated. Sosang Pal-Kyung is based on the view of the Sun and the Moon(or Positive and Negative) and the Eight Trigrams(八卦) for divination and is a linguistic symbol in which human life and the principle of circulation and conversion of nature are expressed as characters and picture texts. Its structure has strong coherence and cohesion, which attempt to move the abstruse truth of nature into human consciousness by developing and corresponding the grammatical structure and form of the sentences and the implicative languages emphasizing the symbolism of the words to the characteristics of similarities and contrast. In addition, Sosang Pal-Kyung expresses human life, the processes of birth and death of nature and the mutual response dialectically by putting various factors of the landscape in the frame of regular formality and structure. It is considered that the image signs in Sosang Pal-Kyung emphasize the theory of circulation of human life and nature are narrative scenery, which one looks at with a contemplative view in the circulation system of the time and the season. The cultural phenomena of Sosang Pal-Kyung in the Joseon Dynasty, which had been handed down from the Goryeo Dynasty, had become the driving force of leading aesthetics of Joseon's art and literature by adding the scenery of the point of view of Sung Confucianism. Its coherence structure was changed, but its cohesion was handed down continuously so that it became not only the basic text of the traditional and cultural landscape but also, the typical Korean-style stereotype of a landscape.

Quest of Wang Yak-heo(王若虚)'s Theories of Poetry - With a focus on Three Volumes of 「Talks on Chinses Poetry」 among "the Collected Writings of Wang Yak-heo"(滹南遺老集) (王若虚的詩論探究(왕약허의 시론 탐구) - 以《滹南遺老集》中的《詩話》三卷爲主(『호남유로집』 중 「시화」 3권을 중심으로) -)

  • Jang, Yung-Ki
    • (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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    • no.34
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    • pp.207-224
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    • 2009
  • This research is a quest of theories of poetry of Wang Yak-heo who was a literary critic during Chin(金) dynasty in ancient China. Wang Yak-heo left a fine piece of work, dubbed ${\ll}$Honam Yuro Jib${\gg}$ and, in this paper, the author closely reviewed the theories of poetry that is appeared, especially, in the three volumes of ${\ll}$Talks on Chinese Poetry${\gg}$ among the collections of Wang's poetry criticism. In particular, the author investigated the positive and negative aspects of Honam's commentaries on the works by Chinese poets, including his principles of poetics, creative skills, and practical criticism, etc. Wang Yak-heo has not been known much in the history of Chinese literary thoughts, however, his theory of criticism, especially, among the talks on Chinese the works by Chinese poets, his literature criticisms establish unique and distinctive point of views. Wang Yak-heo's poetics, more than anything else, valued nature, meanings, truth, and contents therein. He exhibited realistic view of literature. Meanwhile, he analyzed the methods of expression by Du Bo(杜甫, pronounced, "Du Fu" in Chinese), So Sik, also known as So Dong Pa (蘇軾, Su Shi or 蘇東坡, Su Dong Po in Chinese), and Hwang Jeong-gyeon(黃庭堅, Huang T'ing-chien), and highly evaluated the realistic poems written by Du Bo, Baek Geo-I (白居易, pronounced, "Bai Juyi" in Chinese), and So Sik. Also, he opposed to formalism or externality, however, he never made light of formality of poetry. In his comments on the works by Chinese poets, he highly evaluated the poems sung by So Sik and Beek Geo-I, in the mean time, however, he criticized their works without hesitation. Having set up his own unique criteria for critique, Wang didn't accept other opinions in a seemingly illogical manner, and he presented what he thoughts and other different points of view from others. Specifically, he attached great importance to whether or not modification of words and phrases, grammar, and whole context were congruent to one another and had been well harmonized. However, in his poetics, Wang was so wrapped himself in reasonableness or rationality, he analyzed each and every word in great detailed manner, as the result, he sometimes didn't read the sentiment or mood that the writers intended to express through poems. He excessively restricted himself to the words and phrases, so that he was not able to realize natural emotions and joy of imagination that were presented in the poems, and, in the end, this brought about adverse effects to the poet's thought.