• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.431-445
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• 2022

A quantitative phase analysis method of X-ray powder diffraction was studied to determine the mineral content of clay-rich rocks practically as well as effectively. For quantitative X-ray powder diffraction analysis of the clay-rich rocks, it is necessary to prepare whole-rock powder samples with a random orientation by side mounting method. In addition, for the identification of the clay minerals in the rock, it is required to prepare an oriented mount specimen with a clay particle size of 2 ㎛ or less, ethylene glycol treatment, and heat treatment. RIR (reference intensity ratio) and Rietveld method were used for the quantitative analysis of the clay-rich rocks. It was possible to obtain the total clay and the non-clay minerals contents from the whole-rock X-ray diffraction profiles using the RIR values. In addition, it was possible to calculate the relative content of each clay mineral from the oriented X-ray diffraction profiles of the clay particle size and assign it to the total clay. In the Rietveld method of whole-rock X-ray diffraction, effective quantitative values were obtained from the Rietveld diffraction patterns excluded the region of less than 10 degrees (2θ). Similar quantitative values were shown in not only the RIR but the Rietveld methods. Therefore, the analysis results indicate a possibility of a routine quantitative analysis of clay-rich rocks in the laboratory. However, quantitative analysis of clay minerals is still a challenge because there are numerous varieties of clay minerals with different chemical and structural characteristics.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.399-412
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• 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of smartphone addiction interventions among university students. Selection criteria included university students, smartphone addiction interventions, smartphone addiction, depression, anxiety, self-control and time of smartphone usage. A total of 915 articles were retrieved. From those, 15 studies from 13 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis showed that smartphone addiction interventions undergone by university students had statistical significance in alleviating smartphone addiction (d=-1.57, 95% CI:-2.84, -0.30), depression (d=-3.73, 95% CI:-4.97, -2.48), and self-control (d=7.28, 95% CI:2.76, 11.79); but were not significantly effective in improving anxiety and reducing time of smartphone usage. The systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that smartphone addiction interventions boost the alleviation of smartphone addiction. However, it remains necessary to conduct well-designed randomized controlled trials, including the consideration of various cultural characteristics.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.1244-1252
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• 2011

This study was to investigate the effect of intensive trunk-pelvic stabilizing training using sling exercise on trunk muscle activity and balance in patients with hemiplegia. Twenty hemiplegic patients(6 month ${\leq}$, 1 years >) participated were divided into two groups randomly. Control group(n=10) had only general rehabilitation training and experimental group(n=10) had both the general rehabilitation training and intensive trunk-pelvic stabilizing training using sling. They were treated for 30 min./5 times/4 week. I measured ability of trunk control, muscle activity, and balance which were done before and after the intensive training using sling. In significant difference after training, show a significant difference in TIS(p<.001), in particular static(p<.05), dynamic(p<.01), coordination(p<.05) and muscle activity of RA(p<.001), EO(p<.001), ES(p<.001), Multifidus(p<.05), FMA(Balance)(p<.01), and static(p<.001) & dynamic(p<.001) balance ability on MTD-Balance system. As this study proved effective therapeutic exercise of trunk muscle activity and balance ability on intensive trunk-pelvic stabilizing training using sling, it could identify importance of trunk-pelvic stabilizing and control on balance.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.88-93
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• 2003

Diets containing 3000 kcal/kg at the crude protein (CP) level of 40% (Diet 1) and 4000 kcal/kg at the CP level of 50% (Diet 2) were fed to the juvenile rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (35.6 g) at 3-4% body weight for a period of 28 days. Diet 2 promoted significantly higher growth and feed efficiency than Diet 1. Oxygen uptake increased with increasing body weight. The oxygen uptake-body weight relationship of diets 1 and 2 were best expressed by y=0.3218 $e^{0.0592x}$ (R=0.8494) and y=0.3612 $e^{0.0532x}$ ($R^2$=0.8805), respectively. Assimilation efficiency (AE), gross growth efficiency ( $K_1$) and net growth efficiency ( $K_2$) of the fish fed on Diet 2 were 73.8, 16.0 and 22.6%, respec- tively. Fish fed on Diet 2 showed significantly higher AE, $K_1$ and $K_2$ than those fed on Diet 1. Hence Diet 2 con- taining 4000 kcal/ kg with crude protein of 50% is recommended for the Korean rockfish.kfish.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.341-352
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was carried out to investigate the effect of electroacupuncture on reactive gliosis expressing GFAP in rat with transient global cerebral ischemia. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups, a control group and a electroacupuncture group on ST36, LI11 and SP9 with 2 Hz and 1 mA. The rats were sacrificed on 1, 3 and 7 days after transient cerebral ischemia using ligation of left common carotid artery. After making brain slide sections, they were immunostained with GFAP antisera(1:2,500). The results were as follows: The numbers of astrocytes of electroacupuncture group were decreased than those of control group at every 1, 2 and 7 days. Especially, the numbers of astrocytes at 3 days(p<0.01) and 8 days(p<0.05) were different statistically. And astrocytes had resting, hypertrophic and moving types on cerebral cortex. The decrease of numbers of astrocytes expressing GFAP showed that electroacupuncture could localise and minimize the brain damage by transient cerebral ischemia and cause brain cell plasticity.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.220-226
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of treadmill gradient training on lower limb muscle activity in chronic stroke patients. The subject were 32 stroke patients.. Subjects were randomly divided into three group which were control group($0^{\circ}$treadmill training(n=10)) and experimental group($5^{\circ}$treadmill training (n=10) and $10^{\circ}$treadmill training(n=12)). Three groups received treadmill gradient training for 30 minutes while 3 times per week for 6 weeks in addition to conventional physical therapy. Muscle strength was measured by EMG on rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior and gastrocnenius for muscle activities. In comparison of activity of rectus femoris and gastrocnemius between pre and post value, the activity of rectus femoris was significant in the experimental and control group(p<.05) and the activity of biceps femoris was significant in the $5^{\circ}$treadmill gait training group and $10^{\circ}$treadmill gait training group(p<.05). The activity of tibialis anterior was significant in the $5^{\circ}$treadmill gait training group and $10^{\circ}$treadmill gait training group(p<.05). In comparison of the difference of activity of rectus femoris among 3 groups, there was a significant difference between the $5^{\circ}$treadmill gait training group and control group(p<.05). and difference of activity of tibialis anterior was significant difference between the $10^{\circ}$treadmill gait training group and control group(p<.05). These findings suggest that $5^{\circ}$treadmill gait training group and $10^{\circ}$treadmill gait training group can be used to improve lower limb muscle activity in chronic stroke patient. In conclusion, these treadmill gradient training helped improving function of gait ability in chronic stroke patient.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.319-328
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess treatment effect of physical therapy on experimentally-induced masseter muscle fatigue by two parameters of muscle stiffness and elasticity. Three physical therapeutic modalities inducing electroacupunture stimulation therapy(EAST), Microwave diathermy and low-level laser therapy(LLLT) were compared. 10 healthy volunteers with normal occlusion (mean age of $26.3{\pm}1.16$ years, M:F=1:1) were participated in this study. All subjects were asked to chew gum on the right side until they felt pain(more and VAS 5 (0 to 10)) and their masseter muscles were examined with a tactile sensor in order to evaluate changes of stiffness and elasticity according to gum chewing and three physical therapeutic modalities. Subjective discomfort or pain was self-estimated by VAS as well. Unilateral gum chewing increased stiffness and decreased elasticity only on the chewing side but VAS increased on the both sides(p<0.05). EAST or Microwave diathermy greatly decreased stiffness and VAS and increased elasticity(p<0.05) but LLLT did not exhibit significant difference. From the results of this study, it is concluded that both EAST and Microwave diathermy have favorable effect on stiffness and elasticity of muscles and pain relief while effect of LLLT is not reliable. In addition, experimental unilateral gum chewing compromises stiffness and elasticity of masseter muscles only the chewing side while subjective discomfort or pain can be felt on the both sides.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.333-340
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• 2020

This study aims to examine the effects of squat exercise on the vitality and balanced capacity of female university students in their 20s with lower blood flow control. This study selected 40 volunteers from normal adult women in their twenties. Blood flow restriction used Blood Flow Restriction bands (BFR bands). The application method was to put on a blood flow restriction belt in the lower leg of the restricted blood flow area and put 120 mmHg of pressure to limit blood flow while the subject was standing comfortably. It was found that there were statistically significant differences in Height, Maximum concentric power and Take off speed between two groups(p<.05), There was statistically unimportant differences in foot scan between two groups(p>.05). This study found that to find out the changes in balance and alacrity, the experimental and control groups were divided into two groups. In conclusion, there were no significant differences in balance capability, but there were significant differences over time in net power.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.883-896
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• 2023

As human activities in Korea are spread throughout the mountains, forest fires often affect residential areas, infrastructure, and other facilities. Hence, it is necessary to detect fire-damaged areas quickly to enable support and recovery. Remote sensing is the most efficient tool for this purpose. Fire damage detection experiments were conducted on the east coast of Korea. Because this area comprises a mixture of forest and artificial land cover, data with low resolution are not suitable. We used Sentinel-2 multispectral instrument (MSI) data, which provide adequate temporal and spatial resolution, and the k-nearest neighbor (kNN) algorithm in this study. Six bands of Sentinel-2 MSI and two indices of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized burn ratio (NBR) were used as features for kNN classification. The kNN classifier was trained using 2,000 randomly selected samples in the fire-damaged and undamaged areas. Outliers were removed and a forest type map was used to improve classification performance. Numerous experiments for various neighbors for kNN and feature combinations have been conducted using bi-temporal and uni-temporal approaches. The bi-temporal classification performed better than the uni-temporal classification. However, the uni-temporal classification was able to detect severely damaged areas.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.47-58
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• 2017

Objective : The purpose of this study is to observe effects of Occupation-Based bilateral UE training for chronic stroke. Methods : 4 patients with hemiplegic stroke were divided into two groups: experimental group and control group. From May to August 2016, we conducted a occupation - based bilateral UE training and a traditional bilateral UE training for 5 weeks, 3 times a week, and 60 minutes per session for each subject. EMG, accelerometer, ARAT, Y-BAT, SIS, and COPM were performed before and after the intervention. Results : The experimental group showed a large changes before and after intervention in ECR, DA and all items except for hand function and memory of SIS, compared with the control group. Also, the experimental group showed a large change before and after the intervention compared to the control group in the accelerometer measuring the amount used of bilateral hand and grasp, pinch, and gross movement items of ARAT and COPM, Y-BIT. Conclusions : Occupation-based bilateral upper extremity training was effective in the recovery of upper limb function and social participation through neurological changes. Future research will be required development studies to ensure a high content validity of the Occupation-based bilateral upper extremity training protocol.