• Proceedings of the Korean Association for Survey Research Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.273-285
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 패널조사와 같은 종단면 연구에서 시간의 흐름에 따라 패널의 노후화 등의 원인으로 각 조사주기별로 발생하는 무응답(결측)에 대해 특정한 패널집단을 대상으로 무응답 패턴을 통계모형을 이용하여 분석하였다. 이러한 무응답 패턴분석을 기반으로 결측자료가 존재하는 종단자료의 분석에서 적절한 방법을 선택하여 분석을 수행할수 있으며, 만일 무응답 대체가 필요한 경우 적절한 대체 방법을 결정할 수 있을 것이다. 횡단면 조사와는 달리 이용가능한 보조정보가 각 웨이브별로 다양하게 존재하며, 이와 같은 보조정보를 무응답 대체에 활용할수 있다면, 결측자료가 존재하는 패널 자료에 비해 전통적인 통계분석 방법을 적용하여 표준적인 결과를 산출할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.407-426
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• 2003

We consider the missing covariates problem in generalized estimating equations(GEE) model. If the covariate is partially missing, GEE can not be calculated. In this paper, we study the performance of 7 imputation methods to handle missing covariates in GEE models, and the properties of GEE estimators are investigated after missing covariates are imputed for ordinal data of repeated measurements. The 7 imputation methods include i) Naive Deletion ii) Sample Average Imputation iii) Row Average Imputation iv) Cross-wave Regression Imputation v) Carry-over Imputation vi) Bayesian Bootstrap vii) Approximate Bayesian Bootstrap. A Monte-Carlo simulation is used to compare the performance of these methods. For the missing mechanism generating the missing data, we assume ignorable nonresponse. Furthermore, we generate missing covariates with or without considering wave nonresp onse patterns.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.291-294
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• 2016

A new optical one-time pattern password(OTPT) mutual authentication method is proposed, which presents a two-factor authentication by 2-step phase-shifting digital holography and performs a two-way authentication by a challenge-response handshake of the optical OTPT in both directions. Because a client and a server use OTPT once as a random number and encrypt it for mutual authentication, it protects against a replay or a man-in-the middle attack and results in higher security level.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• autumn
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• pp.307-310
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• 2001

콘서트 홀 등의 음향 측정을 측정하는 데 있어 다채널 마이크로폰을 이용하여 그 공간의 반사음 패턴을 파악하는 기술이 널리 이용되고 있다. 이 기법은 그 공간 특유의 반사음의 입사 시간과 방향을 측정할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 충격응답(Impulse response)의 측정을 기반으로 하므로 기존에 사용되고 있는 모든 모노성의 음향 특성의 측정에도 이용할 수 있다. 그러나 LEF나 IACC등의 다차원의 음향 특성의 측정을 위해서는 양지향성 마이크로폰이나 더미헤드 등을 이용한 측정을 별도로 수행하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 다채널 마이크로폰으로 구한 방향성 충격응답으로부터 각각의 반사음들의 특성을 구하고 그 결과에 양지향성 마이크로폰의 지향특성을 적용하여 LEF를 얻어내도록 하였다. 제안하는 기법의 유효성을 검증하기 위하여 기존의 무지향성 및 양지향성 마이크로폰을 이용하여 구한 결과와 비교, 분석하였다

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.77-84
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• 2020

In this paper, we developed a damage evaluation technique that can determine the damage location of a long-sized structure such as a cable-stayed bridge, and verified the performance of the developed technique through experiments. The damage assessment method aims to extract data that can evaluate the damage of the structure without the undamage data and can determine the damage location only by analyzing the response data of the structure. To complete this goal, we developed a damage assessment technique that considers variability based on the IMD theory, which is a statistical pattern recognition technique, to identify the damage location. To complete this goal, we developed a damage assessment technique that considers variability based on the IMD theory, which is a statistical pattern recognition technique, to identify the damage location. To evaluate the performance of the developed technique experimentally, cable damage experiments were conducted on model cable-stayed bridges. As a result, the damage assessment method considering variability automatically outputs the damageless data according to external force, and it is confirmed that the performance of extracting information that can determine the damage location of the cable through the analysis of the outputted damageless data and the measured damage data is shown.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.436-448
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• 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of e-cigarettes on oral health by investigating the association between the use of different tobacco products and oral health among Korean adults aged 19 years and older. Data from the 2017 Community Health Survey were used for the study. Respondents were divided into four groups: non-smokers, cigarette smokers, e-cigarette smokers, and users of both products. A sample of 228,357 respondents was selected for analysis. Twenty-four questionnaires with missing values (non-response or refusal) were excluded from the sample. A regression analysis was performed with oral as the dependent variable. A multivariate regression analysis showed a significant difference between cigarette smokers and users of both products when compared to the non-smokers. However, e-cigarette users showed a significant when the variables were correlated with age and gender. There was no significant difference in other dependent variables in a multivariate regression analysis. The results of the study indicated no association between e-cigarette use and oral health. More research is needed on factors such as amount and intensity of e-cigarette use.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.359-366
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• 2020

In this study, a simulation-based damage estimation method for helidecks is proposed using an artificial neural network. The structural members that share a connecting node in the helideck are regarded as a damage group, and a total of 37,400 damage scenarios are numerically generated by applying randomly assigned damage to up to three damage groups. Modal analysis is then performed for all the damage scenarios, which are selectively used as either training or validation or verification sets based on the purpose of use. An artificial neural network with three hidden layers is constructed using a PyTorch program to recognize the patterns of the modal responses of the helideck model under both damaged and undamaged states, and the network is successively trained to minimize the loss function. Finally, the estimated damage rate from the proposed artificial neural network is compared to the actual assigned damage rate using 400 verification scenarios to show that the neural network is able to estimate the location and amount of structural damage precisely.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.1805-1813
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• 2010

This paper presented regarding an parametric study to investigate seismic capacity evaluation of semi-rigid steel frame infilled with composit panel. In order to propose the optimum retrofit of the steel frame, we analysed the various pattern of retrofitted steel frame subjected to weak/medium earthquake. Steel frame with composit panel was analysed by Time history analyses analysis. The model were analysed using the suites of ground motion developed by NEHRP project on steel moment resisting frame. These earthquakes consist of 20 horizontal ground acceleration record each, i.e., a 10%, 50% probability of accidence in a 50 year period. We considered the semi-rigid connection which are commonly used in field, and modeled the nonlinear connection element (GAP) between panel and frame. It was shown that how is the steel frame with composit panel effected. We also examined the response of retrofitted frame.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.270-283
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine coffee consumption behaviors, dietary habits, and nutrient intakes by coffee intake amount among university students. Methods: Questionnaires were distributed to 300 university students randomly selected in Gongju. Dietary survey was administered during two weekdays by the food record method. Results: Subjects were divided into three groups: NCG (non-coffee group), LCG (low coffee group, 1~2 cups/d), and HCG (high coffee group, 3 cups/d) by coffee intake amount and subjects' distribution. Coffee intake frequency was significantly greater in the HCG compared to the LCG (p < 0.001). The HCG was more likely to intake dripped coffee with or without milk and/or sugar than the LCG (p < 0.05). More than 80% of coffee drinkers chose their favorite coffee or accompanying snacks regardless of energy content. More than 75% of coffee takers did not eat accompanying snacks instead of meals, and the HCG ate them more frequently than LCG (p < 0.05). Breakfast skipping rate was high while vegetable and fruit intakes were very low in most subjects. Subjects who drank carbonated drinks, sweet beverages, or alcohol were significantly greater in number in the LCG and HCG than in the NCG (p < 0.01). Energy intakes from coffee were $0.88{\pm}5.62kcal/d$ and $7.07{\pm}16.93kcal/d$ for the LCG and HCG. For total subjects, daily mean dietary energy intake was low at less than 72% of estimated energy requirement. Levels of vitamin C and calcium were lower than the estimated average requirements while that of vitamin D was low (24~34% of adequate intake). There was no difference in nutrient intakes by coffee intake amount, except protein, vitamin A, and niacin. Conclusion: Coffee intake amount did not affect dietary nutrient intakes. Dietary habits were poor,and most nutrient intakes were lower than recommend levels. High intakes of coffee seemed to be related with high consumption of sweet beverages and alcohol. Therefore, it is necessary to improve nutritional intakes and encourage proper water intake habits, including coffee intake, for improved nutritional status of subjects.