• 무역학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.119-132
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• 2020

In this paper we explore the two analyses to know the urbanization effect on trade. First, the granger causality test to examine the relationship between trade and urbanization. The Granger causality test is a statistical hypothesis test for determining whether one time series is useful for forecasting another. The results indicated that the existence of a bidirectional causality running from trade to urbanization when six lags were applied. When eight lags were applied, we found unidirectional causality running from urbanization to trade. Second, gravity models were used to investigate the urbanization effect on trade. The production cost and specification are affected by the economies of scale, and the economies of scale increased as the greater geographically agglomeration. However, the gravity model to explain the bilateral trade flows ignores the urbanization variables. Therefore we added the urbanization variable represented as the geographically agglomeration into gravity model. The results show that the degree of urbanization of both countries has statistically positive effect on trade (export and import) and the bigger coefficients of trade partner's urbanization. The reason is that the trade share of industrial supplies, intermediate goods and capital goods is much higher than finished consumer goods. The urbanization is more important the improved the efficiency of production than demand market.

• 무역학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.263-280
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• 2021

With the advent of the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution, various support policies and programs are being introduced as the promotion of startups related to the 4th industry is promoted as a core policy of the government. Based on major technologies such as Artificial Intelligence(AI), Big Data, Internet of Things(IoT), Blockchain, and Automation leading the 4th industrial revolution, logistics and distribution companies are expanding the range of markets and services provided. The purpose of this study is to examine the current status of startups in the logistics field based on major technologies of the 4th Industrial Revolution, which are rapidly growing at home and abroad, and suggest implications for revitalizing logistics startups through a policy demand survey. As a result of the study, in order to foster domestic logistics startups, we propose policy support for integration of logistics startups, integrated management of information, provision of physical space, network platform, and practical education and mentoring.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.77-96
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• 2019

본 연구는 한국의 주요 무역 상대국들을 대상으로 물류성과지표들이 한국의 수입과 수출에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대하여 계량 분석하였다. 중력모형에 기초하여 한국의 무역대상국을 소득수준으로 구분하여 분석한 결과, 물류성과지표의 탄력도는 중력모형의 거리변수의 탄력도보다 계수가 크게 나타나 양국의 교역량에 물류성과지표의 개선이 중요한 의미를 지니는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 소득수준이 낮은 국가의 경우 한국으로의 수출에 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 물류성과지표들을 세분화하여 분석한 결과, 저소득 국가의 한국으로의 수출에는 물류역량, 국제수송, 화물추적, 적시성이 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났으며, 중저소득의 국가의 경우는 물류시설과 화물추적이 유의하게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 중고소득의 경우는 모든 개별 지표, 즉, 통관, 물류시설, 물류역량, 국제수송, 화물추적, 적시성 변수가 통계적으로 유의하게 도출되어 물류성과지표가 미치는 무역에 미치는 영향이 가장 많은 것으로 분석되고 있다.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2021

디지털 무역의 확산으로 글로벌 통상환경 하에서 디지털 무역이 차지하는 비중이 높아지고 있다. 그러나 국제적인 디지털 통상규범이 부재한 상황이므로 새로운 무역규범 정립을 위한 논의는 중요한 의의를 가진다. 세계 각국은 자국의 이익을 고려한 디지털 무역정책을 시행하고 있으나 상이한 규제정책으로 통상갈등을 초래하고 있다. 국경 간 데이터의 자유로운 이동에 따른 개인정보 침해에 대한 안전장치를 마련하기 위해 세계 주요국들은 데이터 지역화 조치를 취하고, EU는 GDPR을 발효하였다. 개인정보가 포함된 데이터의 이전을 제한하는 규제들은 디지털 기업들의 경영활동에 장애요인이 될 수 있다. 그리고 주요국들이 도입한 디지털세에 관하여 미국은 디지털세 부과를 차별적인 조치인 무역장벽으로 간주하고 있으며, 일부 국가들은 자국에 미칠 부정적인 영향을 우려해 디지털세 도입을 반대하고 있다. 그러나 OECD와 G20을 중심으로 이루어진 글로벌 디지털세에 관한 논의가 진전을 보이면서 디지털세 합의안이 연내에 도출될 가능성이 높기 때문에 이에 대한 대응책도 마련해야 하는 상황이다. 그러므로 본 연구는 디지털 무역 규범의 최근 동향을 고찰하고, 디지털 무역의 핵심 쟁점들을 분석함으로써 향후 우리나라 통상정책 방향에 대한 시사점을 제시하였다.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.427-436
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• 2022

산업통상자원부에서 제공하는 KOTRA 무역 데이터는 해당 품목과 해당 국가에 대하여 GDP, 관세율, 비즈니스 점수, 과/차년도 수출금액 등을 제공한다. 그러나 무역 수출품목은 수없이 많을뿐더러 그에 따른 대량의 데이터를 매년 수작업 기반 분석을 통해 유의미한 결과를 이끌어내는 것은 상당히 큰 시간과 비용을 요구한다. 따라서 이번 연구에선 대량의 데이터를 학습하여 단기간에 저비용으로 결과 예측이 가능한 다층 퍼셉트론 모델을 구현하고 성능을 평가하였다. 먼저 딥러닝 기반 무역 수출 가격 예측 모델을 일반적 다변량 회귀 모델과 비교하였을 때, 예측 오류와 학습 시간 측면에서 통계적으로 우수한 성능을 보였다. 수출 가격 데이터는 시계열 속성이 있을 것으로 예상하는 바, 은닉 노드들이 모두 연결된 다층 퍼셉트론과 순환 신경망을 이용하여 수출 가격 데이터를 예측하였다. 그 결과 새로운 데이터에 대해 수출 가격 예측을 위한 일반화 능력은 순환 신경망이 우수한 성능을 보였으나, 다층 퍼셉트론이 무역 수출 가격 예측에서 더 뛰어난 성능을 보였다. 추후 장기간 데이터를 확보한다면, 순환 신경망 혹은 트랜스포머 기반 딥러닝 모델을 이용하여 더 뛰어난 수출 가격 예측이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 무역학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.23-45
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• 2018

본 연구는 물류성과가 개발도상국으로 유입되는 FDI에 미치는 영향에 대하여 분석하였다. 분석결과 물류 성과지표 중에서 운송 인프라와 화물의 적시성은 저소득 국가로의 FDI에 통계적으로 유의하게 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 중소득국가를 대상으로 분석한 경우에는 화물의 적시성만이 FDI에 유의하게 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 차이는 저소득국가와 중소득국가로 이루어지는 FDI의 성격이 다르기 때문이다. 저소득국가로 이루어지는 FDI는 저임금에 기초한 생산비절감을 위한 것이고, 중소득국가의 경우는 생산비절감을 위한 FDI와 소비시장 확대를 위한 FDI가 복합적으로 이루어지고 있기 때문이다. 무역비용(Trade Cost)의 일부로 볼 수 있는 물류성과지표는 무역뿐만 아니라 오프쇼어링을 목적으로 하는 FDI 유입에까지 영향을 미치고 있다고 할 수 있다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제69권
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• pp.721-740
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• 2016

Recently Korea has stepped into a stage of sluggish development, and the unemployment of young people has become a major issue. Especially in 1998 IMF economic shock was influential in formulating government policy and social economic structure on employment. Restructuring now becomes everyday words and further restructuring is already under way. Owing to the growing economic crisis and resultant unemployment and initial appointment shall be considered conditional. Young job seekers are grappling with mastering their native language and unnecessary experiences. These unnecessary experiences are needless waste of time and money. Educational system in university may be affected by environmental changes in population of students and business crisis. Sometimes the departments made a very low rate of employment may be abolished or merged in university. The government will demand us in the work of reform by doing NCS. The government is now ask to teach, train and employ students on the basis of NCS especially in high-school, job training center, and college and university. NCS has advantages and disadvantages. NCS may reduce waste of time and money to make unnecessary experiences, provide standard course to prepare educational system. It will be a big help to adapt properly and make better employment system. The most negative element of the program is application to humanities and social sciences by the same standard with technology and engineering department in the university. Standardization of each educational course will not react quickly to rapidly changing situations in the future.

• 무역학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.59-74
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• 2022

The exemption clause of recurring shipments refers to the insurer's exemption in Short-term Export Credit Insurance for the additional shipment which was shipped on board while any foregoing shipment was unpaid beyond its due date over 30 days. The recurring shipments are constituted with two factors: the due date of the foregoing shipment and the shipment date of the additional export. The exemption clause of recurring shipments has been eased by extending the grace period for payment up to 60 days from 30 days for the transactions between exporters and importers having the history of payments which were made customarily in delay. This research argues that the current grace period is for the buyers who customarily delay their payments, and that the insurer introduce a grace period for shipment in favor of exporters for the additional shipment which was delayed in on-boarding due to reasons beyond the control of exporters. In consideration of the waiting time and the on-boarding time at ports for container freight, shipments are frequently delayed, which entails those shipments to be indemnified by the exemption clause of recurring shipments. Roll-overs and Blank Sailings also cause the container freight to be delayed in on-boarding. This research is expected to contribute to further development of Short-term Export Credit Insurance in K-SURE.

• 무역학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.171-184
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of internationalized human capital on SME's export performance and to examine the moderating effects of export experience and export market diversification of SMEs that can affect the relationship between internationalized human capital and export performance of SMEs. The results of empirical analysis of 150 small and medium-sized enterprises located in Jeonnam province are as follows. First, the internationalized human capital of SMEs was found to have a positive (+) effect on export performance. Second, as a result of empirically analyzing the moderating effect of internationalized human capital on export performance, the export experience of SMEs was found to have a negative (-) moderating effect on the relationship between internationalized human capital and export performance of SMEs, and the export market diversification had a negative (-) moderating effect on the relationship between internationalized human capital and export performance of SMEs. This study provides meaningful theoretical implications in that this study identified the role of human capital by analyzing the relationship between internationalized human capital as an important source of competitive advantage of SMEs and export performance.

• 무역학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.87-102
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• 2020

While many previous studies have emphasized that technological and learning capabilities have an important impact on internationalization, however, there have been few attempts to directly identify the mediating role of innovative performance in the relationship between them. Therefore, we tested the relationships among two organizational capabilities such as technological capability and learning capability, innovative performance and internationalization. Specifically, we explored the impact of two organizational capabilities on innovative performance and the mediating role of innovative performance on internationalization. We tested hypotheses based on 206 survey data of Gwangju and Jeonnam provinces' small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The empirical results showed that both technological capability and learning capability had a significantly positive (+) effect on SMEs' innovation performance, and both technological capability and learning capability had a significantly positive (+) effect on internationalization performance. In addition, it was confirmed that the innovation performance is not only related to the relationship between technological capability and internationalization performance but also acts as a partial mediation role in the relationship between the learning capability and internationalization performance. Based on the results of this study, theoretical and practical implications were provided, and the limitations of this study and future research directions were also discussed.