• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.193-214
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• 2015

The green pigments of shamanic paintings (83 items) in the 19~20th century were analyzed with X-ray fluorescent spectrometer(XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). In 60 items, copper and arsenic were detected in green pigments of the paintings by XRF spectra. Cu $K{\alpha}$/As $K{\beta}$ (peak intensity ratio of copper and arsenic) of shamanic paintings of Bokgaedang (shrine), solemn paintings (romance of three kingdoms) of Donggwanwangmyo and unknown enshrined place were 5.93~12.04 and higher compared to 5.67-6.26 of standard emerald greens and 4.01~7.89 of remaining shamanic paintings. The SEM images of crystal forms of copper-arsenic green pigments were various. Crystal forms were divided into oval and round spherulite with intersecting plate crystals and spherulite with agglomerate plate crystals. The crystals of the latter were found in shamanic paintings of Bokgaedang (shrine), solemn paintings (romance of three kingdoms) of Donggwanwangmyo and unknown enshrined place and the former were found in the rest of shamanic paintings. Copper-arsenic green pigments of shamanic paintings were identified as Scheele's green from shamanic paintings of Bokgaedang (shrine) and romance of three kingdoms. Emerald green from the rest of shamanic paintings by ATR-FTIR. From analytical results, it is confirmed that Scheele's green of shamanic paintings of Bokgaedang and romance of three kingdoms was used in the 1850s~1870s and emerald green had been widely used from late 19th century to 1970 in the rest of shamanic paintings.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.61-71
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• 2015

Developing cultural contents in cultural creativity industry is very practical process recently. Research about Jeju's legend and myth should be the basic theory for cultural contents development based on local cultures. Jeju Naewotdang Musindo 10 gods paintings are unique colored pictures, appointed as Jeju folklore material No.7 and national important folklore material No. 240. Jeju-Do is remained the springhead of absorbed into unique culture for a long time because of Jeju's geographical environment condition. Jeju Musindo could be related with the symbol of Jeju's myth images and the springhead of emotions of our typical country people. It would be analysed by Wucius Wong's design style theory for approaching visual image and symbolic meaning. This research about Jeju Naewotdang Musindo 10 gods paintings could provide design analysis methodology for further theoretical studies about Jeju's legend and myth for Jeju's unique cultural contents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.209-211
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• 2017

항로표지 음파표지로 사용되는 무신호기 주요 장비를 안정적인 성능이 담보되고 범용적으로 판매되는 제품을 선정함으로써 무신호기 고장발생 시 신속한 대처가 가능하도록 하고, 안개발생 방향을 고려하여 선택적으로 무신호기를 운영 할 수 있도록 설계하였다. 그리고 무신호기 음달거리를 공칭(명목적) 음달거리와 통상 음달거리에 대한 정확한 기준 없이 사용(표기)하는 등 통일성이 결여되어 공칭(명목적) 음달거리로 통일 할 필요성이 있다.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.712-722
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• 2021

This study presents a method for conserving shamanistic spirits in Chiseonggwang Buddha. Scientific investigation has revealed that these spirits have been subject to degeneration as a result of severe exfoliation and pollution. The materials and preservation treatment techniques used in create these shamanistic spirits were identified through visual inspection and using appropriate scientific equipment. The different types of background paper, background material, and color pigments used in create the shamanistic spirits were analyzed using a colorimeter, stereoscopic microscope, and SEM-EDS techniques. The analysis revealed that the pulp paper was used as the background and synthetic fiber polyester as the background material. In addition, the study of the pigment revealed that the color components were all synthetic, except for red lead [Pb₃O₄] and oyster shell white [CaCO₃]. Moreover, it was confirmed that the green pigment, identified as emerald green [Cu(C₂H₃O₂)₂.3Cu(AsO₂)₂], was a major component of shamanistic spirits in the late 19^th century. The shamanistic spirits in Chiseonggwang Buddha were conserved by identifying raw materials and pigments through this detailed analysis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.191-222
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• 1996

현재 쓰이고 있는 무신호 교차로의 서비스수준 측정방법은 지체도에 의해서 판정 되어지고 있으며, 안전도를 기준으로 서비스수준을 측정하는 방법은 존재하지 않는다. 교차 로의 안전은 사고의 횟수를 기준으로 하거나, TCT(Traffic Conflict Technique)를 이용하여 측정되어지고 있다. 두 방법 모두 많은 시간과 인력이 요구되는 방법이다. 이에 많은 시간 과 인력투자 없이 교차로의 안전을 진단하는 방법을 개발하는데 이 연구의 목적이 있다. 무 신호 교차로의 안전에 영향을 미치는 요소로는 교차로의 시거, 운전자의 인지반응시간, 차 두간격, 차량속도, 차중, 노면상태, 날씨 등이 있다. 이 모든 요소들이 복합적으로 작용하여 사고를 유발한다. 이 연구에서는 위의 요소들을 모두 고려하여 무신호 교차로의 안전을 분 석하는 방법을 개발하고저 한다. 위의 요소들 중에서 교차로의 시거를 제일 주요한 요소로 보고 나머지 요소들을 첨가시켜서 분석하는 방법을 썼다. 위에 열거한 많은 요소들을 고려 하기 위해서는 Simulation 방법이 채택되었으며, 그 중에서도 Monte carlo Simulationah형 을 썼다. 이 연구에서는 무신호 4지교차로의 횡단차량에 대해서만 고려하였으며 이 연구에 서 개발된 Simulation 모델을 Conflict의 개수와 그때의 소모된 평균 운동에너지를 산출하여 위험도를 측정하는 기준으로 삼았다. 모델의 결과에 의하면 교차로 시거가 길수록 안전하 고, 상대적으로 시거가 짧을수록 위험하다고 나왔다. 또한 AASHTO의 교차로 시거 값은 약 간 하향 조정하여도 안전도에 있어서는 큰 변화가 없는 것으로 분석되었으며, 아울러 안전 에 의한 서비스수준(LOS. A~F)의 기준이 설정되었다. 모델의 결과에 의하여 교통 공학자들 은 어떤 무신호 교차로의 안전수준을 상대적으로 평가할 수 있으며, 교차로 시거의 개선 후 얻어질 편익을 미리 예상할 수 있다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.123-134
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• 2016

Traffic accident at intersections takes 44.3% of total number of accidents on entire road network of Korea in 2014. Although several studies addressed contributory factors of accidents at signalized intersection, very few is known about the factors at rural unsignalized intersections. The objective of this study is therefore to investigate specific characteristics of crashes at rural unsignalized intersection and to identify contributory factors in causing crashes by statistical approach using the Ordered Logistic Regression Model. The results show that main type of car crashes at unsignalized intersection during the daytime is T-bone crashes and the number of crashes at 4-legged intersections are 1.53 times more than that at 3-legged intersections. Most collisions are caused by negligence of drivers and violation of Right of Way. Based upon the analysis, accident severity is modeled as classified by two types such as 3-legged intersection and 4-legged intersection. It shows that contributory factors in causing crashes at rural unsignalized intersections are poor sight distance problem, average daily traffic, time of day(night, or day), angle of intersection, ratio of heavy vehicles, number of traffic violations at intersection, and number of lanes on minor street.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.199-208
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• 2004

From the aspect that design should respond to the necessity of various cultural bases, design is important to be grafted to Korean traditional culture. This circumstance leads this study to clarify the plan of multimedia contents development of 'paintings and original forms of shaman spirit' in Korean shamanism as one of realistic re-illumination works for Korean cultural original forms. The main study results are conduded as followings through literature reviews, internet searches and case studies. First, 'the planning process' necessary for the development of scenarios, characters and multimedia contents are suggested based on the establishment of hierarchy structure among shaman spirits which are classified into necromancer, human being, nature and life after death. Second, relating to execution of process above, it is suggested that 'the strategic. plan by business items and its genres' such as blessing fancy goods, characters for mobile or game, scenarios for game or animation, online digital exorcisms, e-cards, e-talismans and so on. Finally, as future industrialization concerns, 'the industrial development plan' is suggested which can be extended to scenario-based original businesses such as game scenarios for online or mobile and heroism fictions. The study results highlight the fact that multimedia design approach are considered for expanding the target and scope of creative material for Korean cultural original forms. Future researches, based on the results of the study, are expected to be expanded to the various designerly-thinking approaches into 'Shaman' themes and rather to be re-illuminated to the development of Korean cultural original forms as a nation's strategic standpoint.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.34
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• pp.233-258
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• 2013

In the early days of the Goryeo Dynasty, the royal guard was comprised of the central regular army in the 2-gun-6-wi system, and Nasungeomgun was in charge of the security inside the palace. However, the military system became disorganized during the period of military rule and the royal guard had to rely on military subjects. The military officials suppressed the civil ministers centering on Jungbang, the guarding organization close to the King to incapacitate the royal authority and control the state affairs. When the rule of the three leaders of the military rule became short-lived and Dae-seung Gyeong is raised to the ruler, he organized a do-or-die squad comprised of a hundred and more people for his personal safety, and this became the first dobang. Dobang was disassembled after Dae-seung Gyeong died of disease, but under the rule of Chung-heon Choe, Dae-seung Gyeong's dobang was revived and reinforced into 'Yukbeon Dobang' to provide the ruler with personal protection and intensify the ruling system, and it was quite a large organization with more refined system. Yukbeon Dobang was expanded and reinforced into Naeoedobang under the rule of Woo Choe, the son of Chung-heon Choe, and it was enhanced even more into Dobang Samsipyukbeon System under the rule of the grandson, Hang Choe. Dobang can be considered as the guard organization in modern sense, and it collected information and surveyed the area where guarding is required and house troops that belonged to Naedobang eliminated the risks that may follow afterwards to make assurance doubly sure for guarding. The Choe's regime established Mabyeolcho as a private guard organization in addition to dobang, and this formed the cavalry and infantry units with dobang. Yabyeolcho organized by Woo Choe in the reign of King Gojong was divided into Joabyeolcho and Ubyeolcho, and later Sineuigun was integrated with them to form Sambyeolcho. Originally, Yabyeolcho was established under the rule of Woo Choe to prevent crime in the evening, but after Sineuigun was organized with the ones who were captured by Mongolian army but escaped, in other words when Sambyeolcho was organized, the organization displayed much broader influence by covering military and police affairs as well as punishment and imprisonment. The guarding organization during the Period of Military Rule in the Goryeo Dynasty did not have strict distinction between official guard and personal guard. The private guard in modern days which is the equivalent of personal guard is characterized by its commerciality, however, house troops and the members of dobang did not seem to pursued profit. The guard organization during the period of military rule started from dobang which was organized for personal safety but gradually developed publicness through the participation of civil ministers and expansion, and later it played the pivotal role for social security serving official purpose up to the level where the distinction between official and private activities was blurred during the period of Sambyeolcho.

• 대학교육
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• s.31
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• pp.107-110
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• 1988

• 베이커리
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• no.10 s.399
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• pp.154-156
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• 2001