• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.105-114
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of obesity at diagnosis on the prognosis of Korean breast cancer patients after classifying them according to their reproductive history and age by comparing the overall survival rate (OS) and disease-free survival rate (DFS). This study is a retrospective cohort study using 4181 breast cancer cases at one of the medical centers in Korea during the 3 year period from 2006 to 2008. We confirmed the levels of death and recurrence through a follow-up study completed in May 30. 2015. In conclusion, the parous patients had a lower OS than the non-parous patients (p=.000), and the younger patients below 40 years old had a lower OS and DFS than those who were 40 years old or older (p=.003, p=.000), while obesity did not affect the OS and DFS significantly. However, several subgroups in which obesity affected the OS and DFS were found after classifying the patients according to their reproductive history and age. For the subgroups classified by reproductive history, the obese patients had a lower OS and DFS than the non-obese patients in the subgroup in which the patients have a reproductive history (p=.001, p=.005). For the subgroups classified according to age, the obese patients had a lower OS and DFS than the non-obese patients in the subgroup in which the patients were 40 years old or older (p=.005, p=.014). Obesity affected the OS and DFS in the subgroup in which the patients were 40 years old or older and had a reproductive history (p=.000, p=.003). The results of this study show that obesity has an effect on the prognosis of breast cancer patients in the subgroups classified by reproductive history and age, whereas it has no effect on the OS and DFS of the patients when they are examined in their entirety. It also suggests that appropriate nursing intervention is needed for the subgroups in which obesity has effects on prognosis.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.5 no.3 s.19
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• pp.174-179
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• 2005

Purpose: The 5-year survival rate is the most useful parameter for evaluating the effect of management on most malignant tumors. Recurrence after a curative resection for gastric cancer occurs mostly within 3 years of the operation, which caused us to evaluate whether a 3-year disease-free survival (3DFS) can be substituted for a 5-year overall survival (5OS). Materials and Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 656 consecutive patients who had undergone a curative resection for gastric cancer To assess whether 3DFS represents 5OS, we used a simple linear regression with survival probability calculated by using the survival function. Results: Recurrence was found in 175 cases during the follow-up periods. The accumulative frequencies of recurrence at postoperative 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years were 46% (81 cases), 89% (156 cases), and 97% (170 cases), respectively. The correlation coefficient (r) and the coefficient of determination $(r^2)$ between 3DFS and 5OS were 0.87 and 0.76, respectively, and the regression equation was $5OS=0.18+(0.80{\times}3DFS)$. The r and $R^2$ according to the type of recurrence were 0.89 and 0.80 in peritoneal seeding, 0.88 and 0.78 in hematogeneous metastasis, and 0.86 and 0.73 in local recurrence, respectively. The r (0.77) and $r^2$ (0.60) were relatively lower in low stages (stage I and II) compared to r (0.88) and $r^2(0.77)$ in high stages (stage III and IV). Conclusion: The 3DFS is an excellent predictor of 5OS. Therefore, if we use the former as the treatment evaluating method, 2-year time reduction in assessing and reporting treatment results is expected.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.62-68
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• 2010

Purpose: We analyzed disease free survival and the prognostic factors of liposarcoma in the extremity. Materials and Methods: Between 1994 and 2005, of 44 patients who were diagnosed and treated for liposarcoma of the extremity, 40 patients were restrospectively analysed. 13 out of 40 patients got postoperative radiotherapy. We examined local recurrence, distant metastasis and disease free 5-year survival rate. We also analyzed clinical prognostic factors, such as age, gender, size of tumor, prior unplanned excision, histologic type, surgical excision margin and postoperative radiotherapy respectively. Results: There were 3 cases of local recurrence and 4 cases of distant metastasis. The disease free 5-year survival rate was 85.0%. 26 patients presented with myxoid, 8 well differentiated, 4 round cell, 1 pleomorphic and 1 dedifferentiated histology. The disease free 5-year survival rate of mixoid, well differentiated and round cell liposarcoma were 100.0%, 84.6% and 75.0% (p=0.419). The 5-year disease free survival rate was 90.6% in negative surgical margin (n=25) and 62.5% in positive surgical margin (n=15) (p=0.003). Conclusion: Our study suggests that surgical excision margin is significant prognostic factor for 5-year disease free survival rate.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.12
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• pp.1260-1265
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• 2003

Purpose : In 1970, the Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster(BFM) group introduced an intensification therapy after remission induction to reduce relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) in childhood. Delayed intensification(DI) phase has been included for treatment of ALL in our hospital since the mid-1990s. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcome with vs. without DI phase and the outcome with two vs. one DI phase for intermediate risk patients. Methods : One hundred and thirty nine children with ALL who were treated at the Department of Pediatrics of Wonju Christian Hospital and Yonsei University Medical Center between March, 1990 and July, 2002 were analysed retrospectively. Results : Thirty-eight patients were treated with a DI phase, and 101 patients were treated without a DI phase. Among the DI patients, seven patients were treated with a double DI phase. Five-year overall survival(OS) in the low, intermediate, and high risk groups were 68%, 66% and 58%, respectively. 5-year OS in DDI, DI, and control were 95%, 86% and 40%, respectively. In the low risk group, 5-year event free survival(EFS) in DI, and control were 94% and 58%, respectively. Conclusion : Delayed intensification improved EFS on childhood ALL in all risk groups.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2013

Purpose: We evaluated oncologic outcomes of chondrosarcomas and analyzed the disease-free survival rate of chondrosarcomas according to the various factors. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective study for the disease-free survival rate of 48 chondrosarcomas, 44 of which underwent surgical treatment and followed up more than 18 months since 1993, and in the remaining 4 cases, the patients died before 18 months after surgery. The vsariables were location, tumor volume, histologic grade, stage, age at presentation and treatment performed. The mean follow up period was 43.8 months (1-196 months). Results: The overall disease-free survival rate was 77.1% at mean 43.8 month follow up. The 5 year- and 10 year disease-free survival rates were 64% and 58% respectively. The histologic grade, stage, age at presentation revealed statistical significance on disease-free survival. All 9 patients treated with extended curettage for grade 1 central chondrosarcomas revealed disease-free survival with excellent functional outcome. Conclusion: The disease-free survival rate of chondrosarcomas mainly depended on histologic grade, stage and age at presentation. Local recurrence and distant metastasis also revealed statistically significant differences of disease-free survival rate. Comparing to wide resection, extended curettage for low-grade central chondrosarcomas in extremities were efficient methods with similar survival rate and less functional losses and complications.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.531-543
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• 2007

Backgrounds : Gastric cancer is one of the most frequent causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Gastric cancer patients frequently exhibit distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis and at present, there is no standard regimen after operation or chemotherapy to prevent metastasis and recurrences. Aims : The objective of the study was to compare the overall survival and disease free survival in patients treated with wheel balance therapy (WBT) with patients treated with WBT alone or the combination of WBT and conventional therapy and see if there were any significant improvements in survival between the two groups. Setting & Design : East-West Cancer Center at Daejeon University: retrospective study. Materials & Methods : We retrospectively analyzed 62 patients with stage III (40 patients) and stage IV (22 patients) gastric cancer who have received operation or chemotherapy 2 months prior to beginning WBT. The patients followed the WBT protocol which includes herbal medicine such as PSM capsules, OnePlus syrup, or HAD capsules which prevent metastasis and recurrences. Overall survival and disease free survival were analyzed and the patients were treated for 89.55 weeks and 49.27 weeks (median value) for stages III and IV, respectively. Statistical analysis used : Overall survival and disease free survival were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the WBT and combination treatment arms were compared using the log rank test. Results : For stage III, the 3 year overall survival was 78.5% and disease free survival was 78.3%. Metastasis and recurrence occurred in 13 of 40 patients (32.5%). For stage IV, the 2 year overall survival was 18.2% and disease free survival was also 18.2%. Metastasis and recurrence occurred in 19 of 22 patients (86.4%). No significant difference was found statistically between the WBT alone and combination treatment arms though the combination regimen showed superiority (overall survival p=0.5093, disease free survival p=0.5175). Conclusions : WBT yielded satisfactory results in prolonging survival and preventing metastasis and recurrence in gastric cancer patients. The major treatment unit of WBT is composed of herbal medications (HAD, PSM capsules, OnePlus syrup) and a randomized, prospective study should be carried out using only this treatment unit in the future.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

Purpose: To analyze the clinical outcome of stage IIB osteosarcomas arisen in the long bones. Materials and Methods: Since February 1993, 58 Enneking stage IIB osteosarcomas arisen in long bones were managed and followed at least one year at our four university hospitals. There were 48 wide resections, 2 marginal resections and 8 amputations. The mean follow up period was 4.1years (up to 12.2years). Local recurrence, distant metastasis, complication, survival rate, and oncologic and functional results were evaluated. Results: At the last follow up, 35 patients were CDF, 9 were NED, 5 were AWD, 7 were DOD and the remained 2 died with unrelated disease. Eight local recurrences (13.8%) and 18 distant metastases (31.0%) were occurred. Nine infections were developed after 48 reconstructions (18.8%). Overall functional outcome was 24.3 (81.%). The 5 year overall survival rate was 84.6% and the continuous disease-free survival rate was 68.7% at 5 years and 42.3% at 10 years. Conclusion: Forty-six of 58 stage IIB osteosarcomas arisen in long bones (79.3%) showed CDF or NED at an average 4.1 year follow up. Overall 5-year survival rate was 84.6% and overall functional outcome score was 24.3, which were comparable to those of other studies.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 1992

From March 1979 through December 1986, 124 patients with early stage carcinoma of the uterine cervix received curative radiation therapy. According to FIGO classification, 35 patients were stage IB and 89 were stge II A. In stage IB, five year locoregional control, five year disease free survival, and five year overall survival was $79.0\%$, $76.4\%$ and $81.8\%$, respectively. In stage II A, five year locoregional control, five year disease free survival, and five year overall survival were $78.0\%$, $66.8\%$, and $72.1\%$, respectively. To identify prognostic factors, pretreatment parameters including age, ECOG performance status, number of pregnancies, history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, histology, size and shape of primary tumor, CT findings and blood parameters were retrospectively analyzed in terms of locoregional control, disease free survival and overall survival using univariate analysis and multivariate analysis. In univariate analysis, tumor size on physicai examination and rectal invasion on CT significantly affected locoregional control, disease free survival and overall survival. Parametrial involvement on CT was a significant prognostic factor on locoregional control and disease free survival. Hemoglobin level affected disease free survival and overall survival. Histology and age were significant prognostic factors on locoregional control. In multivariate analysis excluding CT finding, tumor size on physical examination was a significant factor in terms of locoregioal control and overall survival. Hemoglobin level was significant in terms of disease free survival. In multivariate analysis including CT, histology was a prognostic factor on locoregional control and disease free survival. Hemoglobin level and rectal invasion on CT were significant factors on locoregional control.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 1996

Purpose : This report is the result f retrospective analysis for children who received prophylactic cranial irradiation combined with intrathecal chemotherapy. Materials and Methods : Ninety children with ALL who had got bone marrow remission after induction chemotherapy received PCI. All but 3 children were treated with a dose of 1800 cGy as a standard regimen. While the PCI was given, all patients received intrathecal chemotherapy. Results : Nine of 90 patients experienced CNS relapse during the duration of follow-up ranged from 36 to 96 months (median 60 months). Three children experienced BM relapse prior to CNS relapse. Therefore, CNS relapse rate as the first adverse event was $6.7\%$. Median time interval of CNS relapse was 16 months from the first day of hematologic complete remission. Eighty-nine percent of patients who had CNS relapse were associated with hematologic relapse. and $78\%$ of CNS relpase occurred during maintenance chemotherapy (on-therapy relapse). The CNS RFS at 2 and 5 years are $68\%$ and $42\%$, respectively with median of 43 months. The Prognostic factors affecting CNS RFS are initial WBC count (cut-off point of 50,000/ul), FAB subtype and CALGB risk criteria. The DFS at 2 and 5 years are 61 and $39\%$, respectively with median of 34 months. The prognostic factors affecting DFS are initial WBC count (cut-off point of 50,000/ul), FAB subtype, POG and CALGB risk criteria. Conclusions : In our study, $6.7\%$ of CNS relapse rate as a first adverse event was comparable with other studies. Various risk criteria was based on age at diagnosis and initial WBC count such as POG and CALGB criteria, had prognostic significance for CNS RFS and DFS. Prospective randomized trial according to prognostic subgroup based on risk criteria and systematic study about neuropsychologic function for long term survivors, are essential to determine the most effective and least toxic form of CNS prophylaxis.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.217-222
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• 2006

$\underline{Purpose}$: This study evaluated the results of definitive radiation therapy and the prognostic factors that affect survival rates for T2N0 glottic cancer patients. $\underline{Materials\;and\;Methods}$: Thirty patients with T2N0 glottic cancer who were treated with definitive radiation therapy at our institution between September 1986 and June 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were pathologically confirmed as having squamous cell carcinoma and were staged as AJCC T2N0. The age of the patients ranged from 39 to 79 (median 62) years and all were male. A total dose of $66{\sim}70\;Gy$ (median 66 Gy) was delivered with a 6-MV linear accelerator in $6.5{\sim}7$ weeks. The median follow-up period was 63 months. $\underline{Results}$: The actuarial disease-free survival rate for the entire group of the patients was 79% at 5 years. The five-year disease-free survival rates for patients without and with subglottic extension were 90% and 56%, respectively (p=0.03). However, anterior commissure involvement, supraglottic extension, and impaired cord mobility were not statistically significant prognostic factors. The five-year disease-free survival rates for patients with and without concurrent chemotherapy were 86% and 69%, respectively (p=0.47). $\underline{Conclusion}$: Subglottic extension can be considered a poor prognostic factor for T2N0 glottic cancer.