• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.149-158
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• 2007

To investigate the characteristics of the nitrogen mineralization of oil cakes according to changes in temperature(10, 20, $30^{\circ}C$) moisture(40, 50, 60, 70% of field capacity in loam and 50, 60, 70, 80% of field capacity in sandy loam), mineral nitrogen was measured in soil after incubation for 30 days. In addition, the mineralization in sandy loam and loam which had different soil texture were compared. According to incubating the castor seed, soybean, and rice bran cakes with soil, the higher the temperature and moisture content were, the higher the content of mineral nitrogen was observed. The content of mineral nitrogen was higher in sandy loam than loam. The content of mineral nitrogen was decreased with soil depth increasing and was also higher in sandy loam than loam.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 2001.04b
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• pp.67-68
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• 2001

돈분발효퇴와 포도주 부산물의 질소 무기화 및 질산화 과정을 구명하기 위해 시설 내 고추생육시기에 토층별 암모늄태 및 질산태 질소함량을 조사하였다. 질소무기화 및 질산화는 심토층보다 표토층에서 높게 나타났다. 생육전반에 걸쳐 총 질소 무기화 및 질산화율은 처리간에 다양하였지만, 전반적으로 총 질소 무기화는 정식후 90일 까지 증가하였지만 그 이후로는 감소하였다. 표토층에 있어 최고 질소 무기화 및 질산화는 정식후 90일에 T4(포도주부산물 400kg/10a＋돈분발효퇴비 1,000kg/10a)에서 관측되었다. 가장 높은 질소 무기화는 정식후 30일에 대조구에서 272.5mg/kg과 정식 후 90일에 T4(포도주부산물 400kg/10a＋돈분발효퇴비 1,000kg/10a)에서 843.4mg/kg으로 나타났다. 또한 질산화는 T4(포도주부산물 400kg/10a＋돈분발효퇴비 1,000kg/10a)에서 정식 후 90일에 872.2mg/kg으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 15-30cm 토층의 질산화 현상은 질소 무기화와는 다르게 나타났는데 질소 무기화는 대체로 90일에 증가한 반면 질산화는 90일에 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 마지막 조사시기인 정식 후 180일에는 급격히 감소하는 현상을 보였는데 고추 생육에 따라 양분 흡수로 암모늄태질소 및 질산태질소가 감소되었다. 0-15cm 토층, 15-30cm 토층의 질소무기화 및 질산화에서 T4(포도주부산물 400kg/10a＋돈분발효퇴비 1,000kg/10a)의 15-30cm 토층 질산화가 낮게 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.81-93
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• 1998

In order to estimate the an adequate application level for dry matter production of orchardgrass(Dactylis glomerata L.) were investigated in different application levels of food waste compost and mineral nitrogen in 3 cuttings per annum, and to evaluated the soil improving effect of food waste compost. Annual food waste compost and mineral nitrogen were applied at levels of 0, 10, 20, 40 and $60ton\;ha^{-1}$, and 0, 90, 180 and $270kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. Significantly higher dry matter yield of orchardgrass obtained were ranges of $8.92{\sim}9.70ton\;ha-1$ at levels of $180{\sim}270kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ than that of other levels of mineral nitrogen. Relative yield of each cut to annual dry matter yield were 32.0% 49.2% and 18.8% for 1st cut, 2nd cut and 3rd cut in mineral nitrogen treatment. Significantly higher dry matter yield of orchardgrass obtained were ranges of $8.04{\sim}8.90ton\;ha^{-1}$ at levels of $20{\sim}60ton\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ than that of other levels of food waste compost. The efficiency of dry matter production to application of mineral nitrogen(kg DM $kg^{-1}$ N) were 21.2, 19.0 and 15.6kg at levels of 90, 180 and $270kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$, respectively. Higher efficiency of dry matter Production obtained were 27.6~20.2 kg at levels of $90{\sim}180kg\;ha^{-1}$ of mineral nitrogen applied to $20ton\;ha^{-1}$ of food waste compost, it may due to accelerated mineralization by mineral nitrogen application. Highest efficiency of dry matter production to application of food waste compost (kg DM $ton^{-1}$ FWC) obtained was 71.0 kg at level of $40ton\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$. Maximum dry matter yield of orchardgrass obtained were $9.98ton\;ha^{-1}$ at limiting level of mineral nitrogen of $358.5kg\;ha^{-1}$ and $9.12ton\;ha^{-1}$ at limiting level of food waste compost of $49.3ton\;ha^{-1}$ per annum, respectively. Ranges of $20{\sim}49.3ton\;ha^{-1}$ of food waste compost and $180{\sim}358.5kg\;ha^{-1}$ of mineral nitrogen were estimated an adequate levels for increase in dry matter production, and to maintenance for orchardgrass pastures. Application of food waste compost was affected to improve the soil characteristics.

• The Microorganisms and Industry
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.23-26
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• 1988

자연계에 있어서 질소는 대기중의 분자상질소를 비롯하여 초산, 암모니아와 같은 무기태질소, 단백질, 핵산 등의 유기태질소 등 다양한 형태로 존재하며 생물권내에서 흡수, 고정, 대사, 분해되는 등 다양한 순환을 거듭하고 있다. 대기중의 분자상질소는 Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Klebsielle, Clostridium, Blue-green algae 및 광합성세균 등에 의해 고장되어 암모니아의 형태로 환원된다. 한편 대부분의 식물들은 초산이나 암모니아 형태의 질소를 흡수 동화하여 핵산, 단백질을 만들고 이들 구성물은 사후 암모니아로 재분해 된다. 또한 동식물의 유체내지는 배설물들도 각기 분해되어 암모니아의 형태로 변화되는데 이와같은 일련의 질소순환(nitrogen cycle)은 초화세균, 탈질세균 내지는 질소고정균등 대부분의 미생물에 의해 크게 지배를 받고 있다.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate overwintering of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), biomass, and inorganic N concentration in soil to verify the adaptability of eight cultivars of hairy vetch into country. Winter survival rate was higher for the hairy vetch cultivars, such as Hungvillosa or Ostsaat, than those of Minnie, Oregon common, and TTF1, which affected amount of biomass of each hairy vetch, with higher biomass observed in Hungvillosa or Ostsaat cultivar. There were no significant difference for the mineral nutrients of each hairy vetch cultivar. Inorganic N concentration in soil was increased at 10 days after mowing by application of Hungvillosa and Ostsaat cultivars that had highly produced N content from the raw materials.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.253-258
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• 2005

It is necessary to determine a nitrogen supplying capacity (NSC) of soil for sustainable agriculture. NSC has been decided by directly detecting N mineralization potential (NMP) and inorganic nitrogen or by indirectly approximating from organic matter and chemical properties of soil. NMP is best method for NSC but it takes long period. A study was conducted to find a short-term incubation method using pepsin through 1) determining NMP of 3 upland and 3 paddy soils, 2) establishing analytical condition of pepsin digestion by comparing to NMP, 3) validating with relations to N requirements for maximum yield of rice. NMPs of 6 soils were ranges from $63mg\;N\;kg^{-1}$ to $156mg\;N\;kg^{-1}$. The pepsin digestion method of soil nitrogen was established by determining amino nitrogen from digesting 5 g of soil for 30 minutes by 0.02% pepsin. This method was so highly correlated with a maximum rate of nitrogen fertilizer that it could be used for determining NSC in paddy soil.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.292-301
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• 2001

The objectives of this study were to measure the changes in soil moisture regimes and the distribution patterns of inorganic N derived from the fertigated $^{15}N$-labeled urea, and compare them with the results obtained from broadcast-applied soil under the same drip irrigation domain. In fertigated soil, a $^{15}N$-labeled urea solution of $117mg\;N\;L^{-1}$ was applied by surface drip irrigation for 4 weeks. In broadcast-applied soil, no the other hand, 4 g of $^{15}N$-labeled urea(1.87 g N) mixed thoroughly with 5 kg of soil was placed on the surface of packed soil. Soil water status was controlled by drip irrigation scheduled at soil matric potential of -50 kPa. A calibrated time-domain reflectometry probe was installed in the soil vertically 15 cm apart from a drip emitter to control drip irrigation. About 60% of urea-derived inorganic nitrogen was remained in the top zone between 0 and 10 cm depth of fertigated soil, while, most of the inorganic nitrogen (91%) was accumulated in the top zone of broadcast-applied soil. Of inorganic nitrogen derived from urea, the percentage of $NO_3{^-}$ was much higher for fertigation (99%) than for surface application (62%). The relatively lower recovery of urea-derived inorganic nitrogen of broadcast-applied urea-N (51%) than that of fertigated urea-N (89%) was attributable to enhanced $NH_3$ volatilization.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.387-393
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• 2005

The effect of cattle manure with the rates of 2 and 4 ton $l0a^{-1}$ for winter rye and summer corn cultivation, respectively, on the dry matter (DM) yield and nitrogen (N) uptake were investigated during successive three­year conversion period from paddy to upland condition in paddy field. The changes in soil properties and soil N sup­plying capacity during repetitive manure application were a1so examined. Growth and DM yield of upland forage crops, especially. winter rye were hindered highly by poor soil condition in the first year after conversion from paddy to upland condition, so apparent recovery of cattle manure N by crops was very low in the first conversion year. But, DM yield and N uptake of upland forage crops were increased linearly by accumulative input of cattle manure along with mineral N enrichment in soil, which also increased apparent recovery of cattle manure-No It seemed that those increases were mainly due to the improvement of soil properties such as soil mineral N, soil organic matter (soil carbon), potentially mineralizable N and bulk density by accumulative input of cattle manure rather than the increase of soil N supply according to accumulative conversion period from paddy to upland condition. It was derived that conversion period from paddy to upland condition over 2 years is needed to obtain proper DM yield in paddy field and accumulative inputs of cattle manure during the conversion period is more influential to the continuous increment of DM yield and N uptake of upland crop as well as of potential N supplying capacity of soil.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Grassland Science Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.96-96
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• 2001

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.171-176
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• 1991

Field experiment was conducted to investigate the seasonal change in inorganic nitrogen content in grassland soil profile after urea application. Urea was applied at the levels of 0 (0N), 14 (14N), and 28 (28N) Kg N per 10a. Soil samples were taken at every 20 cm interval upto 100 cm soil depth in spring (May 26), summer (July 27), and autumn (October 18) and analysed for total and inorganic nitrogen ($NH_4-N$ and $NO_3-N$). The results obtained are as follows ; 1. In spring, the $NH_4-N$ content of ON treatment was higher than $NO_3-N$ content both in surface and subsoil. The urea application increasing both $NH_4-N$ and $NO_3-N$ contents in the surface soils and these contents decreased with soil depth. 2. In summer, increase in urea application rate elevated the $NO_3-N$ content in soil profile of 0 to 100cm and the content reached upto 42 ppm in the 28N treatment. 3. The seasonal difference in $NH_4-N$ content between summer and autumn was insignificant throughout soil profile. Soil $NO_3-N$ content in autumn were 7 and 14 ppm for 14N and 28N respectively, showing very low values compared with that of summer. 4. The ratio of inorganic nitrogen to total nitrogen increased with soil depth and with urea application rates.