• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.365-372
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• 2002

In this study, inorganic elemental distribution in Korean adult human tissue of liver, lung, muscle, kidney, rib and thyroid has been investigated. These tissues were collected from human's body within 48 hours after their death according to IAEA's recommended method, dried by freeze drying method and then pulverized. Neutron activation analysis was applied to these samples to determine the concentrations of 5 major elements of Ca, Mg, Na, K, and Cl and 12 trace elements of Mn, I, Sr, As, Br, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Rb, Se, and Zn. To confirm accuracy of analytical result was performed using three kinds of standard reference materials and resulted that the relative error is within 10% for the most of elements and the Z-score indicating a performance of analysis is within 2. The elemental distribution shows that the major elements are distributed homogeneously with a specific concentration and that the trace elements shows a distribution of different concentration with kinds of tissue and their age. Particularly, iodine shows higher concentration with 1000 ${\mu}g/g$ in thyroid, and calcium and strontium show the concentration with 15.9% and 84.4 ${\mu}g/g$ in rib, respectively.

• Environmental engineer
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• s.123
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• pp.42-43
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• 1996

중금속을 함유하는 폐수는 일반적으로 단일성분의 원소로 되어 있지 않고 여러 종류의 금속성분이나 유기물이 혼합된 상태로 발생되기 때문에 화학적인 중화나 분해로서 처리하기 곤란하므로 흡착성이 풍부한 광물질의 무기화학성분을 추출하여 흡착, 침전, 분리하는 방법을 이용할 수 있다. Aqua # 219는 폐수 처리용 약품으로 현재 사용하고 있는 설비를 일부 개조하거나 또는 기존설비를 그대로 사용하여 저렴한 가격으로 처리할 수 있는 중금속 흡착제이다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.13-25
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• 2009

Geochemical relationships between ginsengs and soils from three representative soil types, shale, phyllite and granite regions, from Keumsan were examined. High elements ere shown at the granite and shale areas of the weathered soils, the phyllite areas of he cultivated soils and the shale areas of the host rocks. T1 was enriched in ginsengs grown in the shale areas, Cs and B in the phyllite areas, and Be and Cd in the granite areas. Positive correlations were dominated by the shale areas. These relationships can be explained for mineral characteristics within the soils, and their behaviors related to the physio-chemical conditions. High elements were shown in the 2 year ginsengs of the hale areas, and 4 year ginsengs of the phyllite and granite areas in comparisons with ginsengs of the different ages from the same areas. These differences can be explained with ages of the ginsengs, solubilities of the minerals and physio-chemical differences within soils. The content differences of high elements such as Cs, T1 and Be were found between soils and ginsengs. Overall, these results suggest that components of ginsengs grown in the granite areas are chemically similar to the soils.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.168-174
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• 2002

A new circulating hydroponic system was invented for oriental melons grown in the greenhouse. For developing nutrient solution management techniques, we examined the changes of nutrient contents of circulating solution in three different types of new hydroponic systems. The yield and fruit quality of oriental melons in Hydroponics were better than those in soil culture. The substrate culture was appropriate fer hydroponics of oriental melons, and NFT was turned to be the opposite due to the physiological disorder during hot seasons. Yamazaki's melon solution with EC 2.0dS.m$^{[-10]}$ was the most appropriate for oriental melons. The new circulating hydroponic system seemed to be appropriate for oriental melons because of the stable EC, pH and the macro- and micro-element contents. NO$_3$-N, Ca and Mg contents in the circulating solution kept a good balance in all types of hydroponics. However, p content, compared to other types, decreased by the degree of 1 me.L$^{[-10]}$ in perlite medium. K content showed irregular status in perlite but showed the stable status in cocopeat. Generally, microelements, except Mo, showed stable absorption in the substrate culture. However, in NET, most of the elements showed irregular absorption except B and Mn. Microelement absorption, especially Cu, Zn and Mo, decreased during hot seasons.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.173-179
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• 2018

Investigation of the optimum levels of pre-plant nitrogen for raising of hot pepper (cv. Nokkwang) plug seedlings was the objective of this research. To achieve this, the pre-plant nitrogen levels were varied to 0, 100, 250, 500, 750, 1,000, and $1,500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and the other essential nutrients were controlled to equal concentrations in all treatments. All the fertilizers were added during the formulation of the mixed medium of coir dust, peatmoss, and perlite with the ratio of 35, 35, and 30% (v/v/v). The root medium containing pre-plant fertilizer was packed into 50-cell plug trays and seeds were sown. The measurement of pH and EC in every week, soil solution analysis for nutrients in week 0, 3, and 7 and growth measurements as well as tissue analysis for nutrient contents in week 7 were conducted. The pHs measured before seed sowing did not show significant differences, but the differences among treatments became significant as seedlings grow bigger. The soil solution ECs were significantly different among treatments in week 0 and these differences were diminished by degrees after week 3, resulting in no significant differences among treatments in week 7. The trends in changes of $NH_4-N$, $NO_3-N$, and other the macro-element concentrations in soil solution of root media were similar to those of ECs. The treatments of 500 and $750mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ N were more effective than other treatments on seedling growth. The seedling growths in the treatments containing higher N than $1,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and control were severely suppressed. The elevated pre-plant N concentrations in the root medium resulted in the increase of tissue N contents. The treatments of 500 and $750mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ N shown the highest seedling growths had 5.13% and 5.31%, respectively, in tissue N contents based on the dry weight of above ground tissue at week 7. The results of this study indicated that the optimum level of pre-plant N is 500 to $750mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ for the raising of hot pepper plug seedlings.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.418-425
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• 2003

Inorganic elemental content of bottom ash generated from municipal solid waste incinerator was determined by neutron activation analysis. Bottom ash samples were collected monthly from incinerator located in city D, strained out by the 5 mm sieve, dried by oven and pulverized by agate mortar. The samples were irradiated at NAA #1 irradiation hole in HANARO research reactor of Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute and the irradiated samples were measured by HPGe-gamma-ray spectrometer. From the activity of measured nuclides, 33 elements including As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Sb and Zn were determined applying activity creation formula and nuclear data. The quality control was conducted by simultaneous analysis with NIST standard reference materials.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 1978

A bark comprises about 10 to 20 percents of a typical log by volume, and is generally considered as an unwanted residue rather than a potential1y valuable resourses, As the world has been confronted with decreasing forest resources, natural resources pressure dictate that a bark should be a raw material instead of a waste. The utilization of the largely wasted bark of genus Pinus, Quercus, and Populus grown in Korea can be enhanced by learning their chemical properties. However, the chemical study of tree bark grown in korea have never been undertaken. In the present paper, the studies on the chemical properties of bark comprise carbohydrates, lignin, and extractives, composition of reducing sugars and five essential elements. The results may be summarized as follows: 1. Bark are much richer in quantity of lignin and extractives than the corresponding wood, and are chiefly consisted of lignin, extractives and carbohydrates orderly. It is the same with ash contents. Alcohol-benzene extractives of populus bark are the highest among three genus. 2. Although glucose constitutes the major sugar in both pine and hardwoods bark, in pinus, arabinose and xylose are the next but in hard woods, the next is xylose. 3. Essential elements, Ca and Kjeldahl-N are higher in the bark than in the wood. Ca content is the highest among others, and N,K followed it. Essential elements are higher in Quercus than in Populus and pinus.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.342-351
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• 2019

The optimum N concentrations incorporated as pre-planting nutrient charge fertilizer were determined for seedling raising using cylindrical paper pots. A root medium was formulated by blending of peat moss (particles smaller than 2.84 mm were 80-90%) and perlite (1 to 3 mm) with the ratio of 7:3 (v/v). The treatment N concentrations incorporated during the root medium formulation were adjusted to 0, 150, 250, 500, and $750mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and the concentrations of essential nutrients except N were equal in all treatments. After making of paper pots and putting into the 40-cell tray, the seeds of Chinese cabbage ('Chunmyeong Bom Baechu') and pak-choi ('Hanog cheonggyeongchae') were sown. During the raising of seedlings, weekly analysis of medium pH, EC and concentrations of inorganic elements were conducted. After 21 and 20 days after seed sowing of Chinese cabbage and pak-choi, the growth of the above-ground parts were measured and contents of inorganic elements in the plant tissues were analyzed. During the growing period, pH of the root media rose gradually and the EC decreased rapidly at week 3. The pH of root media at harvest was in the range of 5.3 to 5.9 in Chinese cabbage and 4.93 to 5.39 in pak-choi. Growth of the aboveground parts in terms of fresh and dry weight in both the plants were the highest in the $250mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ N treatment and the lowest in the control treatment. The elevation of pre-planting N concentrations in root medium resulted in the increase of tissue N content and decrease of P, Ca, and Mg contents. The regression equation derived from the influence of varied pre-planting N concentrations on dry weight of above-ground tissue were $y=-0.0036x^2+0.0021x+0.0635$ ($R^2=0.9826$) in Chinese cabbage and $y=-0.16x^2+0.0009x+0.032$ ($R^2=0.991$) in pak-choi. When the low critical concentration of pre-plant N is taken at the point where dry weight of above-ground tissue is 10% less than maximum (0.40 g in Chinese cabbage and 0.16 g in pak-choi), those point are 0.36 g and 0.144 g per plant in Chinese cabbage and pak-choi, respectively. The lower critical N concentrations of root media calculated from the regression equations are $196mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ for Chinese cabbage and $187mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ for pak-choi. These results indicate that optimum pre-plant N concentrations for seedling raising using paper pots are in the range of 196 to $250mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ for Chinese cabbage and 187 to $250mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ for pak-choi.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.656-663
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• 2001

This study was carried out to evaluate the minerals and trace elements contents in colostrum milk produced from 30 normal healthy mothers delivery at term, 10 mothers delivery preterm and 8 pregnancy induced hypertensive mothers(PIH) and to investigate the relationship between maternal minerals intakes during pregnancy and milk contents of minerals. Five minerals(Na, K, Ca, P, Mg) and three trace elements(Fe, Zn, Cu) in colostrum were determined by ICP-AES and maternal dietary intakes during pregnancy were estimated by semiquantitative frequency questionnaire. Maternal dietary intakes of three groups during pregnancy were below the recommended allowances except protein and phosphorus. The overall mean nutrients intakes of mothers delivered preterm were the lowest among three study groups, especially phosphorus and sodium intakes of preterm mothers were significantly lower than those of normal term mothers(p < 0.05). Dietary intakes of mothers with pregnancy induced hypertension were similar to those of normal term mothers except calcium intake of pregnancy induced hypefensive mother was the lowest among three groups. While potassium and phosphorus concentrations in preterm colosalm were significantly lower than those of term milk(p < 0.05), iron contents of colostrum in preterm and PIH groups were significantly higher than term milk respectively(p < 0.07). The other minerals concentrations of colostrum produced by the preterm mothers tended to be lower than term milk. There were not significant relationships between maternal dietary intakes of minerals during pregnancy and the corresponding mineral levels of colostrum of three groups of mothers except that Pearson correlation coefficient showed positive significant relationships between the calcium intakes of PIH mothers and the colostrum milk calcium levels. These results suggest that preterm milk might be insufficient for the mineral nutrition of preterm infects in considering of the poor tissue storage of minerals and catch-up growth of preterm infects.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.225-232
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• 2012

In order to evaluate the relationship of between the contents of inorganic elements in shellfish and surface sediments, we measured the concentration of inorganic elements (As, Ca, Cd, Cr, Fe, Hg, Li, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, Zn) in various shellfish and surface sediments of research area. The enrichment factor (EF) and the index of accumulation rate (Igeo) of the metals showed that the research areas can be classified as moderately polluted, or unpolluted. And also we measured the geochemical characteristics of surface sediments(grain size, chemical oxygen demand (COD), ignition loss (IL) and acid volatile sulfide (AVS). The grain sizes for research areas of surface sediment were similar the ratio of silt and clay in comparison with other sites. The COD and IL in surface sediment ranged from 5.41 to 14.06 mg/g. d.w. (mean $8.78{\pm}3.16$ mg/g d.w.) and from 0.92 to 3.17% (mean $2.08{\pm}0.86%$), respectively. Siginificant differences in metal concentrations also were determinated in the shellfish tissue among the different sites. However, except for metals(Mn, Zn), which showed some elevation of concentrations, the variations in the shellfish tissue were not related to variations in the sediment.